Abstract Background Epidemiological studies suggest an association between sleep duration and risk of coronary heart disease, however, the results are controversial. We conducted this systematic ...review and meta-analysis to summarize the potential dose–response relationship between sleep duration and risk of coronary heart disease. Methods The electronic reference databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched through January 2016 with selection criteria for relevant studies. Both semiparametric and parametric methods were used to calculate the pooled risk estimates. Results Seventeen articles with 22 independent reports involving 17,841 incident cases of coronary heart disease among 517,440 participants were included in our meta-analysis. A U-shaped relationship was detected between sleep duration and risk of coronary heart disease, with the lowest risk at 7–8 h per day. Compared with 7 h sleep duration per day, the combined relative risk of coronary heart disease were 1.11 (95%CI = 1.05–1.16) for an reduction of one hour and 1.07 (95%CI = 1.00–1.15) for an increment of one hour. And the results almost did not change in the subgroup analysis of gender and fatal cases. Exclusion of any single study did not alter the combined relative risk. In addition, visual inspection of funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's tests failed to identify publication bias. Conclusions Both short and long sleep duration are significantly associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. Compared with 7 h sleep duration per day, the risk of coronary heart disease increases 11% for an hour decrease and increases 7% for an hour increase.
We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis with stick reference and uniform cut-off of obesity to evaluate the relationship between long working hours and risk of obesity, using a quantitative dose–response ...method. The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched through February 26, 2021, odds ratios (ORs) were pooled by using random-effects models and restricted cubic spline analysis with four knots was used to explore the dose–response relationship of working time and risk of obesity. Ten observational studies with 20 independent reports involving 189,590 participants were included in the present analysis. The summarized adjusted OR for the relationship between long working hours and obesity risk was 1.13 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.26), when compared with weekly working hours less than and equal to 40 h using the random-effects model. A J-shaped association between long working hours and risk of obesity was observed (
P
< 0.001 for nonlinearity) for the dose–response relationship. Exclusion of any single study did not alter the combined relative risk. Individuals involved in long working hours are more likely to be obesity. Further studies are needed to confirm the results, and optimized and proper job arrangement should be established for improving the health of workers.
We aimed to estimate the prevalence of hearing loss and influencing factors among workers in automobile manufacturing industry in Wuhan, China. We conducted cross-sectional analyses of 2017 through ...2019 data from survey of the key occupational diseases on 17,176 workers in automobile manufacturing industry, Wuhan, China. Hearing loss was defined as a pure tone mean of 25 dB or higher in either ear at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz for speech frequency and at 3, 4, and 6 kHz for high frequency. Among the 17,176 workers, more than a quarter of participants had high frequency hearing loss, and 6.41% had speech frequency hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss was higher among participants with diabetes mellitus and current smoking, temporary tinnitus, and sudden change in hearing. Compared with the controls, age (OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.08–1.09), male (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.21–1.63), occupational noise exposure (OR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.08–1.30), having temporary tinnitus (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.08–1.33), and having sudden change in hearing (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.20–2.08) were associated with higher prevalence of high frequency hearing loss; meanwhile, age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.08–1.09), male (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.11–1.71), having family history of hearing loss (OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.35–5.97), and having sudden change in hearing (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.80–3.70) were associated with higher prevalence of speech frequency hearing loss. No additive and multiplicative interaction was found between occupational noise and these factors for hearing loss. Hearing loss directly affects 25% of workers in automobile manufacturing industry in Wuhan. Measures should be implemented for the control of occupational noise and other factors simultaneously in the workplace.
Epidemiological studies have explored the relationship between work-related stress and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but it remains unclear on whether work-related stress could ...increase the risk of T2DM. We aimed to evaluate the association between job strain and the risk of T2DM.
We searched PubMed and Web of Science up to April 2019. Summary risk estimates were calculated by random-effect models. And the analysis was also conducted stratifying by gender, study location, smoking, drinking, body mass index, physical activity, family history of T2DM, education and T2DM ascertainment. Studies with binary job strain and quadrants based on the job strain model were analyzed separately.
A total of nine studies with 210 939 participants free of T2DM were included in this analysis. High job strain (high job demands and low control) was associated with the overall risk of T2DM compared with no job strain (all other combinations) relative risk (RR) 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.31, and the association was more evident in women (RR 1.48, 95% CI 1.02-2.14). A statistically significant association was also observed when using high strain as a category (job strain quadrants) rather than binary variable (RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04-2.55) in women but not men.
Our study suggests that job strain is an important risk factor for T2DM, especially among women. Appropriate preventive interventions in populations with high job strain would contribute to a reduction in T2DM risk.
Objectives The study aimed to estimate the role of liver fibrosis in the association between occupational physical activity (OPA) and blood pressure (BP), which is modified by lifestyle factors. ...Methods The questionnaire survey and physical examination were completed among 992 construction workers in Wuhan, China. Associations between OPA or lifestyle factors and liver fibrosis indices and blood pressure were assessed using generalized additive models. The mediation analysis was used to evaluate the role of liver fibrosis in the association between OPA and lifestyle factors and BP. Results Moderate/high OPA group workers had an increased risk of liver fibrosis odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.16–2.47, P < 0.05 compared with low OPA group workers. Smoking or drinking alcohol was related to liver fibrosis (aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index: OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.07–4.62 or OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.00–4.15; P < 0.05). Compared with non-drinkers, drinkers were related to a 2.35-mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (95% CI: 0.09–4.61), and a 1.60-mmHg increase in diastolic blood pressure (95% CI: 0.08–3.13; P < 0.05). We found a significant pathway, “OPA → liver fibrosis → blood pressure elevation,” and lifestyle factors played a regulatory role in the pathway. Conclusion OPA or lifestyle factors were associated with liver fibrosis indices or BP in construction workers. Furthermore, the association between OPA and BP may be partially mediated by liver fibrosis; lifestyle factors strengthen the relationship between OPA and BP and the mediation role of liver fibrosis in the relationship.
Bamboo shoot is a delicious and nutritious forest vegetable. It has been found that bamboo shoots collected from low-light environments have a less bitter taste. The molecular mechanism of light in ...the regulation of bitter substance accumulation in bamboo shoots is still unclear. In this study, we applied a shading treatment to Pleioblastus amarus bamboo shoots in the preharvesting period. The reduction in the bitterness intensity was confirmed by a sensory test. An integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis was performed on P. amarus bamboo shoots grown under shading treatment and normal growing conditions, and 56 differentially accumulated metabolites and 178 differentially expressed genes were identified. The results showed that the contents of a series of phenolic acids related to the tyrosine metabolism pathway were downregulated under shading treatment, revealing that shading decreased the accumulation of phenolic acids and further mediated the resulting bitter taste of the bamboo shoots. This work will be helpful for understanding the regulatory mechanisms governing the bitter tasting substances in bamboo shoots grown under a shading treatment and provides a reference for the use of shading treatment in cultivation practices to improve the taste of bamboo shoots.
Occupational noise is one of the most common and prevalent occupational hazards worldwide and may induce adverse auditory and/or non-auditory health effects. However, the relationship between ...occupational noise exposure and hypertension is controversial and has long been debated.
Based on large sample cross-sectional data from all registered occupational health examination units from 2021 to 2022 (
= 101,605), this study aimed to analyze the prevalence of hearing loss and hypertension and to explore the influencing factors of hypertension of workers in Wuhan. Descriptive statistics, univariate analyses and multivariate analyses were used. Forest plot and nomograms were constructed for the visualization of predictive results. The ROC curve, AUC, C-index and calibration curves were used to assess the predictive accuracy and validity. DCA was performed to evaluate the net benefit that workers could receive.
Higher rate of high-frequency hearing loss (25.3%), speech frequency hearing loss (8.8%), ECG abnormalities (31.9%) and hypertension (21.0%) were found in workers exposed to occupational noise in Wuhan. Occupational noise exposure (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.01-1.18,
= 0.04), growth of age (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.07-1.07,
< 0.001), overweight (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.73-1.92,
< 0.001), obesity (OR: 3.62, 95% CI: 3.42-3.83,
< 0.001), hyperglycemia (OR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.73-1.96,
< 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.34; 95% CI 1.22-1.48;
< 0.001), ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.11; 95% CI 1.07-1.15;
< 0.001) and family history of hypertension (OR = 1.69; 95% CI 1.58-1.81;
< 0.001) were risk factors of hypertension for workers. Male workers had a relatively higher hypertension risk than female workers (OR = 1.61; 95% CI 1.54-1.69;
< 0.001). Ear protective measures could not reduce the risk of hypertension in workers. Our nomogram has good predictive accuracy and validity. A dynamic nomogram to predict the workers' risk of hypertension was established publicly available online.
Occupational noise exposure may elevate workers' hypertension risk. More effective and relevant prevention measures should be taken. Our nomogram may help identify high-risk workers and facilitate timely interventions.
Occupational exposure is a significant source of metal contact; previous studies have been limited regarding the effect of occupational metal exposure on the development of hypertension. This study ...was conducted to assess the levels of exposure of certain metals (chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni)) in hypertensive and non-hypertensive workers and to assess the relationship between the risk of hypertension and metal exposure level. Our study included 138 hypertensive patients as case groups and 138 non-hypertensive participants as controls. The exposure risk level was divided according to the limit value after collecting and testing the metal dust in the workshop. Considering the influence of single- and poly-metal, single factor analysis and conditional logistic regression analysis of poly-metal were carried out. The results of the model indicated that the incidence of hypertension increased with an increase in Cr exposure level, and the risk of hypertension was 1.85 times higher in the highest exposure than in the lowest exposure (95% CI: 1.20−2.86, p < 0.05). Mn has the same effect as Cr. There was no significant correlation between Fe or Ni and hypertension. Our findings suggested that Cr and Mn exposure in the work environment might increase the risk of hypertension, while no effect of Fe and Ni on blood pressure was found. Prospective study designs in larger populations are needed to confirm our findings.
Welding fumes are a risk factor for welder pneumoconiosis. However, there is a lack of population information on the occurrence of welding fume-induced lung cancer, and little is known about the ...welding fume pathogenesis.
Welding fume and metal ion concentrations were assessed in a vehicle factory in Wuhan. A Cox regression model estimated lung-related disease risk in workers by independent and combined factors.
Workers' exposures were divided into four grades; the highest exposure was among the welders in the maintenance workshop, the highest Mn and Fe exposure was 4 grades, and the highest Cr exposure was 3 grades. Subgroup analysis found that the risk of lung-related disease was 2.17
<
in welders compared with non-welders, and the risk of pulmonary disease in male welders was 2.24
<
compared to non-welders. Smoking welders had a 2.44
<
higher incidence of lung-related diseases than non-welders. Total years of work as an independent protective factor for lung-related disease risk was 0.72
<
. As an independent risk factor, high-high and high-low exposure had a 5.39
<
and 2.17
<
higher risk for lung-related diseases, respectively.
High welding fume exposure is a significant risk factor for lung-related disease in workers.
To develop a prediction nomogram for the risk of lung-related diseases (LRD) in construction workers.
Seven hundred and fifty-two construction workers were recruited. A self- designed questionnaire ...was performed to collected relevant information. Chest X-ray was taken to judge builders' lung health. The potential predictors subsets of the risk of LRD were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and univariate analysis, and determined by using multivariate logistic regression analysis, then were used for developing a prediction nomogram for the risk of LRD. C-index, calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curve analysis (CICA) were used to evaluation the identification, calibration, predictive ability and clinical effectiveness of the nomogram.
Five hundred and twenty-six construction workers were allocated to training group and 226 to validation group. The predictors included in the nomogram were symptoms, years of dust exposure, work in shifts and labor intensity. Our model showed good discrimination ability, with a bootstrap-corrected C index of 0.931 (95% CI = 0.906-0.956), and had well-fitted calibration curves. The area under the curve (AUC) of the nomogram were (95% CI = 0.906-0.956) and 0.945 (95% CI = 0.891-0.999) in the training and validation groups, respectively. The results of DCA and CICA indicated that the nomogram may have clinical usefulness.
We established and validated a novel nomogram that can provide individual prediction of LRD for construction workers. This practical prediction model may help occupational physicians in decision making and design of occupational health examination.
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