In response to the recent growth of multitudes of theoretical literature analysing the corruption impact on the economy and environment, this paper subjects the corruption–carbon emission ...relationship in China to a detailed empirical examination through the autoregressive distributed lag modelling approach and panel quantile regressions. Based on panel data from Chinese provinces, spanning the period 1998–2016, this study explores the impact of long- and short-term corruption on per capita carbon emissions by considering the heterogeneous distribution of those emissions. The results document that corruption increases per capita carbon emissions in Chinese provinces in the short run, reducing per capita carbon emissions in the long run. Moreover, an increase in corruption leads to an increase in carbon emissions per capita in all quantiles, indicating that these emissions increase with corruption severity. The coefficients in low quantiles are slightly larger than those in high quantiles, indicating that corruption leads to more carbon emissions in provinces with lower per capita carbon emissions.
•The paper explores the impact of corruption on CO2 emissions in China provinces.•It uses quantile methods, spanning the period 1998–2016.•The results show that corruption increases CO2 emissions in the short run.•In the long run it reduces CO2 emissions.•The findings imply that emissions increase with the severity of corruption.
A catalytic asymmetric formal 3+3 cycloaddition of 3‐indolylmethanol and an in situ‐generated azomethine ylide has been established to construct a chiral six‐membered piperidine framework with two ...stereogenic centers. This approach not only represents the first enantioselective cycloaddition of isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanol, but also has realized an unusual enantioselective formal 3+3 cycloaddition of azomethine ylide rather than its common 3+2 cycloadditions. Besides, this protocol combines the merits of a multicomponent reaction and organocatalysis, which efficiently assembles a variety of isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanols, aldehydes, and amino esters into structurally diverse spiroindoline‐3,4′‐pyridoindoles with one all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 93 % yield, >99 % enantiomeric excess (ee)). Although the diastereoselectivity of the reaction is generally moderate, most of the diastereomers can be separated by using column chromatography followed by preparative TLC.
An unusual addition: The first catalytic asymmetric formal 3+3 cycloaddition of isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanol with an in situ‐generated azomethine ylide has been established to construct a chiral six‐membered piperidine framework with two stereogenic centers. This approach represents the first enantioselective cycloaddition of isatin‐derived 3‐indolylmethanol, and it has realized an unusual enantioselective formal 3+3 cycloaddition of the azomethine ylide (DCE = 1,2‐dichloroethane).
The first catalytic asymmetric isatin-involved Povarov reaction has been established. This method provides an unprecedented approach to access the enantioenriched spiroindolin-3,2′-quinoline scaffold ...with concomitant creation of two quaternary stereogenic centers in high yields and excellent stereoselectivities (all >99:1 dr's, up to 97% ee).
Unsupervised domain adaptation deals with scenarios in which labeled data are available in the source domain, but only unlabeled data can be observed in the target domain. Since the classifiers ...trained by source-domain data would not be expected to generalize well in the target domain, how to transfer the label information from source to target-domain data is a challenging task. A common technique for unsupervised domain adaptation is to match cross-domain data distributions, so that the domain and distribution differences can be suppressed. In this paper, we propose to utilize the label information inferred from the source domain, while the structural information of the unlabeled target-domain data will be jointly exploited for adaptation purposes. Our proposed model not only reduces the distribution mismatch between domains, improved recognition of target-domain data can be achieved simultaneously. In the experiments, we will show that our approach performs favorably against the state-of-the-art unsupervised domain adaptation methods on benchmark data sets. We will also provide convergence, sensitivity, and robustness analysis, which support the use of our model for cross-domain classification.
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a detrimental neurological disease with limited treatments options. It has been challenging to define the roles of brain cell subsets in IS onset and progression due to ...cellular heterogeneity in the CNS. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to comprehensively map the cell populations in the mouse model of MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion). We identified 17 principal brain clusters with cell-type specific gene expression patterns as well as specific cell subpopulations and their functions in various pathways. The CNS inflammation triggered upregulation of key cell type-specific genes unpublished before. Notably, microglia displayed a cell differentiation diversity after stroke among its five distinct subtypes. Importantly, we found the potential trajectory branches of the monocytes/macrophage’s subsets. Finally, we also identified distinct subclusters among brain vasculature cells, ependymal cells and other glia cells. Overall, scRNA-seq revealed the precise transcriptional changes during neuroinflammation at the single-cell level, opening up a new field for exploration of the disease mechanisms and drug discovery in stroke based on the cell-subtype specific molecules.
The construction of artificial photosynthetic (AP) systems for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR) is one of the hottest topics in the field of energy ...and sustainability. A typical AP system is composed of three key components, a photosensitizer (PS) for visible light harvesting, a catalyst for redox reactions, and a sacrificial electron donor (SED) for consuming holes generated in the PS. Among these three components, the PS and catalyst affect the photocatalytic performance much. There are two main types of AP systems, heterogeneous systems using inorganic materials and homogeneous systems using molecules. In addition to these, a compromise strategy of using inorganic luminescent nanoparticles as photosensitizers and molecular metal complexes as catalysts to construct hybrid AP systems has been developed. Inorganic luminescent nanoparticles, such as colloidal quantum dots (QDs) and carbon quantum dots (CQDs), have advantages of robust photostability, multiple excitation, and easy preparation. Molecular catalysts feature high activity, modifiable structures, and atom economy. Research on the combination of these two different types of materials to construct hybrid systems for solar fuel production is blooming. In the last decade, a large number of hybrid AP systems have been reported, and various strategies for system construction were developed. Obvious improvements in the photocatalytic efficiency of solar fuel production were witnessed. This review focuses on hybrid AP systems for the HER and CRR. The mechanism, composition, system design, and photocatalytic performances of the reported hybrid AP systems are reviewed. The advances and challenges in this field are discussed.
The strategy of the combination of molecular catalysts and inorganic quantum dots for solar fuel production has shown great success for the construction of artificial photosynthetic systems in the last decade.
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The abundant cell-free nucleic (DNA/RNA) in SLE patients, ...especially dsDNA, is a key substance in the pathogenesis of SLE and LN. The deposition of DNA/RNA-immune complexes (DNA/RNA-ICs) in the glomerulus causes a series of inflammatory reactions that lead to resident renal cell disturbance and eventually renal fibrosis. Cell-free DNA/RNA is the most effective inducer of type I interferons (IFN-I). Resident renal cells (rather than infiltrating immune cells) are the main source of IFN-I in the kidney. IFN-I in turn damages resident renal cells. Not only are resident renal cells victims, but also participants in this immunity war. However, the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the pathological mechanism of IFN-I promoting renal fibrosis have not been fully elucidated. This paper reviews the latest epidemiology of LN and its development process, discusses the mechanism for generation of IFN-I in resident renal cells and the role of IFN-I in the pathogenesis of LN, and may open a new perspective for the treatment of LN.
For the first time, the nonlinear bending behavior of porous functionally graded (FG) curved nanotubes is studied in this paper. The stiffness enhancement and stiffness reduction effects are ...described by the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The FG curved nanotubes have uniformly distributed pores in the radial direction. The material properties of the nanotubes corresponds to a modified power-law function. The asymptotic solutions of the curved nanotubes is obtained by using the two-step perturbation method. It shows that the nonlinear bending behavior of the curved nanotubes is influenced by the size effects, power law index, porosity distribution, temperature variation, boundary conditions, and physical dimension. Furthermore, the jump changes as well as snap-through buckling can take place when the FG curved nanotubes are under the influence of normal bending loads.
The nonlinear governing motion equation of slightly curved pipe with conveying pulsating fluid is set up by Hamilton’s principle. The motion equation is discretized into a set of low dimensional ...system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations by the Galerkin method. Linear analysis of system is performed upon this set of equations. The effect of amplitude of initial deflection and flow velocity on linear dynamic of system is analyzed. Curves of the resonance responses about
Ω
≈
ω
1
and
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≈
2
ω
1
are performed by means of the pseudo-arclength continuation technique. The global nonlinear dynamic of system is analyzed by establishing the bifurcation diagrams. The dynamical behaviors are identified by the phase diagram and Poincare maps. The periodic motion, chaotic motion and quasi-periodic motion are found in this system.
A novel smart fluorescent polymer polyethyleneimine‐grafted pyrene (PGP) is developed by incorporating four stimuli‐triggers at molecular level. The triggers are amphiphilicity, supramolecular ...host–guest sites, pyrene fluorescence indicator, and reversible chelation sites. PGP exhibits smart deformation and shape‐dependent fluorescence in response to external stimuli. It can deform into three typical shapes with a characteristic fluorescence color, namely, spherical core–shell micelles of cyan‐green fluorescence, standard rectangular nanosheets of yellow fluorescence, and irregular branches of deep‐blue fluorescence. A quasi‐reversible deformation between the first two shapes can be dynamically manipulated. Moreover, driven by reversible coordination and the resulting intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer, PGP can be used as an aqueous fluorescence ink with erasable and recoverable properties. The fluorescent patterns printed by PGP ink on paper can be rapidly erased and recovered by simple spraying a sequence of Cu2+ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid aqueous solutions. This erase/recover transformation can be repeated multiple times on the same paper. The multiple stimulus responsiveness of PGP makes it have potential applications in nanorobots, sensing, information encryption, and anticounterfeiting.
A smart single‐fluorophore polymer polyethyleneimine‐grafted pyrene (PGP) incorporating four stimuli‐triggers: amphiphilicity, supramolecular host–guest sites, pyrene fluorescence indicator, and reversible chelation sites, exhibits deformation and shape‐dependent fluorescence in response to external stimuli. Besides, PGP driven by its reversible chelation capacity can be used as an advanced fluorescent ink with erasable and recoverable properties.
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