Oxidative stress is described as disturbed oxidative balance between increased reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radical (OH•), superoxide radical (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which occurs ...during normal cellular metabolism and decreased antioxidants which have scavenging effects on free radicals. Reactive oxygen species resulted from increased oxidative stress attacks on to the double bonds of lipids, proteins and DNA bases, removing one hydrogen atom from structure and initiate to oxidative chain reactions. This process leads to cellular damage and death damaging intracellular macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA. The damage of free radicals is detected measuring oxidative products such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) and 8-hydroxyguanine derivatives (8-OHG, 8-hidroksi-2′-deoksiguanozin) in body fluids and various tissues. Although considerable amount of studies in this field, the effects of oxidative stress on cellular structures still remain unknown. In this review, we aimed to evaluate the biochemical aspects of oxidative stress, antioxidant systems and their mechanism of actions and oxidative products.
This study was designed to investigate the molecules apelin and nesfatin-1, their relationship with depression before and after treatment, and whether they can be used as biomarkers. Forty-seven ...depression patients referred to psychiatric outpatient clinic who were not on treatment and 47 normal healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale were administered to all participants. Peripheral blood samples were collected following a 12-hour fasting at the beginning and three months after the start of treatment. Serum apelin and nesfatin-1 levels were measured. Of the 47 depression patients, 35 (74.5%) were females and 12 (25.5%) were males. Thirty-one (66%) of the 47 volunteers were females and 16 (34%) of them were males. Age, marital status, occupation and Body Mass Index (BMI) did not differ between the groups. Serum apelin level was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the patient group and the control group in terms of serum nesfatin-1 levels. There was no significant difference in serum apelin and serum nesfatin-1 levels after 3 months of treatment. Serum apelin levels were significantly higher than healthy controls at the time of admission and there was no change in apelin levels after 3-months of treatment (antidepressant, antidepressant + electroconvulsive therapy, antidepressant + therapy) despite clinical recovery. Serum nesfatin-1 levels in the patient group were not different from the control group at the time of referral and at the end of 3 months treatment. There was no relationship between serum apelin level and BMI in our study. Serum nesfatin-1 level and BMI were correlated at the time of admission.
Acute mesenteric ischemia is a pathology leading to acute abdomen with a very poor prognosis when there is a delay in diagnosis. In this study we aimed to investigate the importance of D-dimer levels ...and biochemical parameters in early diagnosis of acute mesentheric ischemia by assessing time-dependent variations of these parameters. Forty Wistar-Albino male rats were divided into four groups. Only laparotomy and mesenteric arterial dissection were made in the control group. In the other groups laparotomy was performed, and ischemia was constituted for 2, 4 and 6 hours by ligating mesenteric artery. Blood samples were taken for measuring serum levels of D-dimer and biochemical parameters in rats. Intestinal tissue samples were obtained from ileum to assess the level of ischemia in histopathological examination. There were significant differences between the control and 2-, 4- and 6-hour ischemia groups regarding D-dimer levels and biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactic dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and phosphate (p<.05). There was no statistically signifant difference with respect to alkaline phosphatase levels (p>0.05). D-dimer levels and biochemical parameters increased in correlation with the duration of ischemia, and there were significant differences between the groups (p<.05). A significantly deeper ichemic injury was observed in correlation with the duration of ischemia in histopathologic examination. Measurement of D-dimer levels and some biochemical parameters studied in this study may be useful in the early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia provided that our findings are supported with further clinical and experimental studies.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is a natural product with potent anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antioxidant activities and attenuates inflammation and lipid peroxidation induced by ...ischemia-reperfusion injury. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CAPE on isoproterenol (ISO) -induced myocardial infarction. A randomized controlled experimental design was used in this study. Rats were divided into four groups and treated with saline, CAPE, ISO and ISO+CAPE. Rats were treated with CAPE (10 micromol kg/day i.p.) or saline starting 3 days before injecting ISO (150 mg /kg s.c., 24 hours). Seven days later, rats were sacrificed and the hearts were excised for biochemical analyses and microscopic examination. One-way ANOVA test with post hoc multiple comparisons using LSD method were used for statistical analysis of the data. The administration of ISO alone resulted in higher myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) than in the control. The enzyme activities did not change in rat given CAPE alone. CAPE treatment prevented the increase in MPO activity and malondialdehyde, but did not affect the activities SOD and CAT enzymes. In light of these results, we conclude that CAPE prevents MPO-and lipid peroxidation-mediated myocardial injury via inhibition of neutrophil's MPO activity.
Objectives: Platelet contributed tissue damage and inflammations have been of increased interest. It was previously suggested that platelets have an important role in patients with acute pancreatitis ...(AP). We aimed to assess the mean platelet volume (MPV) which is described as an indicator of platelet activation and platelet count in patients with AP. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 30 patients with AP and 30 control subjects who were matched for age, gender, body mass index (BMI). MPV values and platelet counts were measured on admission. Results: Mean platelet volume was significantly higher among patients with AP when compared with control group (8.82±1.33 vs. 7.94±0.54 fL respectively; p < 0.01). Platelet count was significantly lower among AP patients when compared with control group (223.0±46.2 vs. 295.3±58.9 ×109/L respectively; p < 0.001). The level of CRP was significantly higher in patients with AP compared with control group. Platelet and MPV were correlated with serum CRP levels in correlation analysis (p<0.01; r = -0.364, r = 0.406 respectively). We have shown increased MPV, an indicator of platelet activation, in patients with AP. The platelet count was found to be decreased in patients with AP. MPV values and platelet counts were correlated with serum C-reactive protein level that is known as an inflammation marker. Conclusion: In conclusion, increased MPV level in AP may be a marker for the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
Amaç: Psoriyazisin artmış kardiyovasküler risk profili ile ilişkisi bildirilmiştir. Yüksek sensitif C reaktif protein (hs-CRP) ve homosistein (Hcy) sonradan gelişebilecek kardiyovasküler olay riskini ...gösterebilen kanıtlanmış güncel biyolojik göstergelerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı hafif ve orta şiddetli psoriyazis hastalarında hs-CRP, Hcy ve folik asit düzeylerini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Elli bir ardışık hafif ya da orta şiddette psoriyazis vulgaris, yaş ve cinsiyet açısından eşleştirilmiş 32 sağlıklı kontrol çalışmaya alındı. Serum Hcy düzeylerini etkileyebilecek faktörler ekarte edildikten sonra hs-CRP, Hcy ve folik asit düzeylerini saptamak için kan örnekleri alındı. Ek olarak lipid düzeyleri de ölçüldü. Bulgular: Psoriyazis hastalarının ortalama Hcy değerleri kontrollerle karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0,001). Psoriyazisli hastalarla kontroller arasında hs-CRP ve folik asit düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu (p>0,05). Total kolesterol (TC) yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL C) oranı psoriyazisli hastalarda kontrollere göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p=0,044). Psoriyazis hastalarında Hcy düzeyleri ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı ilişki mevcuttu. Psoriyazis hastalarında hs-CRP değerleri vücut kitle indeksi (BMI) ve TC ile anlamlı pozitif korelasyon gösterdi (p<0,05).
Sonuç: Hafif ya da orta şiddetteki psoriyazis hastaları ile kontroller arasında serum hs-CRP ve folik asit düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık gözlenmedi. Ancak psoriyazis hastalarında serum Hcy düzeylerinde artış ve folik asit düzeyleriyle ters korelasyon izlendi. Bu biyolojik göstergeler psoriyaziste aterosklerotik riskin değerlendirilmesinde ek bilgi sağlayabilir.
Background and Design: Psoriasis has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk profile. High sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homocysteine (Hcy) have been demonstrated to be novel biomarkers for subsequent cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to examine hs-CRP, Hcy and folic acid levels in patients with mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris. Material and Method: Fifty one consecutive patients with mild to moderate psoriasis vulgaris and thirty two sex- and age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. After excluding factors that may affect serum Hcy levels, blood samples were obtained for hs-CRP, Hcy and folic acid determination. Lipid levels were also evaluated. Results: The mean Hcy values of the psoriasis patients was significantly higher, compared with the controls (p=0.001). There were no significant difference in hs-CRP and folic acid levels between psoriasis patients and controls (p>0.05). The total cholesterol (TC) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL C) ratio was significantly higher in patients with psoriasis than in controls (p=0.044). There was a significant relationship between Hcy level and sex in psoriasis patients. The hs-CRP values had significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI) and TC in psoriasis patients (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum hs-CRP and folic acid levels did not show any significant difference between patients with mild to moderate psoriasis and controls. However, serum Hcy levels increased and inversely correlated with folic acid levels in
psoriasis patients. These biomarkers could provide additional information in the evaluation of the atherosclerotic risk in psoriasis.
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