ZnO, aside from TiO2, has been considered as a promising material for purification and disinfection of water and air, and remediation of hazardous waste, owing to its high activity, ...environment-friendly feature and lower cost. However, their poor visible light utilization greatly limited their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the fabrication of different aspect ratios of the ZnO nanorods with surface defects by mechanical-assisted thermal decomposition method. The experiments revealed that ZnO nanorods with higher aspect ratio and surface defects show significantly higher photocatalytic performances.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is being increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression, particularly local resistance, immune-escaping, and distant metastasis, ...thereby substantially impacting the future development of frontline interventions in clinical oncology. An appropriate understanding of the TME promotes evaluation and selection of candidate agents to control malignancies at both the primary sites as well as the metastatic settings. This review presents a timely outline of research advances in TME biology and highlights the prospect of targeting the TME as a critical strategy to overcome acquired resistance, prevent metastasis, and improve therapeutic efficacy. As benign cells in TME niches actively modulate response of cancer cells to a broad range of standard chemotherapies and targeted agents, cancer-oriented therapeutics should be combined with TME-targeting treatments to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. Overall, a body of updated information is delivered to summarize recently emerging and rapidly progressing aspects of TME studies, and to provide a significant guideline for prospective development of personalized medicine, with the long term aim of providing a cure for cancer patients.
Adopting inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) is a promising approach to assemble batteries using Li metal anodes because of their superior Li-ion conductivity and high mechanical strength. This ...approach greatly improves the energy density and the safety of batteries. However, lithium dendrites still can pierce the bare ISE because of inhomogeneous current distributions at interfaces, leading to serious short circuits. This work proposes to reduce the interfacial resistance and prevent lithium dendrite growth simultaneously through
in situ
formation of interlayers enabled by a conversion reaction of MoS
2
layers coated on a bare Li
6.5
La
3
Zr
1.5
Ta
0.5
O
12
(LLZO) pellet. The interfacial resistance is reduced to only 14 Ω cm
2
, with the overpotential decreasing notably. The critical current density of cells is improved from 0.7 mA cm
−2
to 2.2 mA cm
−2
. Furthermore, short circuits are significantly suppressed above the critical current density with the potential diverging quickly. The cell can be recovered to some extent by applying an inverse potential for a short time. The comparison between XPS and XAS measurements reveals that the nanoscale thin MoS
2
layer in contact with the Li anode can be converted into an interlayer composed of Mo and Li
2
S through the conversion reaction. The sluggish kinetics of the conversion reaction resulting from the poor electronic conductivity makes the
in situ
-formed interlayer kinetically stable, which can hinder further reaction of MoS
2
with Li effectively. Moreover, the
in situ
reaction could suppress the local tip electric field effect efficiently and make the current distribution more even. This study provides a new strategy to optimize the interface of anodes by screening for more candidates which undergo a conversion reaction.
In this work, we designed and synthesized four bipolar blue-emitting materials with carbazole, imidazole, and biphenyl as donor, acceptor, and p bridge, respectively. The twisted phenylimidazole ...acceptor leads to a wider band-gap and hence deeper blue emission than the conjugated phenanthrimidazole acceptor. For the substituents on the carbazole donor, the t-butyl group could prevent the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process more effectively than the methoxy group. A non-doped deep-blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) is obtained with CIE coordinates of (0.159, 0.080), a maximum luminance of 11,364 cd/m
, and a maximum EQE of 4.43%.
In the present work, nickel hydroxide modified delaminated-Ti3C2 sheets (Ni(OH)2/d-Ti3C2) were synthetized by the hydrothermal method in order to overcome the capacity degradation caused by the ...terminal functional groups of Ti3C2-MXenes. Due to synergetic effects, the obtained Ni(OH)2/d-Ti3C2 displayed a capacity of 732.6 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, ∼6.0 times higher than that of d-Ti3C2 (∼121.3 mA h g−1), and ∼6.2 times higher than that of Ni(OH)2 (∼117.6 mA h g−1). Moreover, a higher reversible capacity of 372.0 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles without apparent capacity decay at 1 A g−1 was obtained. This enhanced performance can be caused by the higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient in Ni(OH)2/d-Ti3C2 (2.5 × 10−14 cm2 s−1), ∼284.1 times higher than that of Ni(OH)2 (8.8 × 10−17 cm2 s−1) and ∼7.1 times higher than that of d-Ti3C2 (3.5 × 10−15 cm2 s−1). DFT calculations further confirmed that the Ni(OH)2/d-Ti3C2 can be a good candidate for the anode materials of lithium ion batteries.
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•Ni(OH)2/d-Ti3C2 composite was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method.•The well-wrapped Ni(OH)2 was grown on the d-Ti3C2 MXene flakes.•This surface engineering improved capacity and cycle performance of d-Ti3C2 MXene.
Elastic wave imaging with ocean-bottom four-component (4C) seismic data offers unique advantages in offshore oil and gas exploration, but for sparse ocean-bottom node/ocean-bottom seismometer ...(OBN/OBS) 4C seismic data, the problems of imaging acquisition footprints, poor phase continuity, and low signal-to-noise (S/N) persist. Pressure data acquired by towed streamer (TS) are dense and can be used in elastic imaging of sparse OBN/OBS data using acoustic–elastic coupled equations (AECEs). Based on the AECEs, we propose a novel method for elastic wave joint imaging of dense TS and sparse OBN/OBS seismic data, including joint elastic reverse-time migration (J-ERTM) and joint elastic least-squares reverse-time migration (J-ELSRTM), to solve the above problems in elastic imaging with sparse OBN/OBS data. J-ERTM of TS and OBN/OBS data can address the problem of imaging acquisition footprints, but with low S/N ratio. J-ELSRTM uses Hessian information and can theoretically suppress the negative influences caused by sparse acquisition, thereby obtaining better images than J-ERTM with higher S/N ratio. The results of synthetic and field data experiments show that our method is of prime importance for addressing the elastic wave imaging problems of sparse OBN/OBS data in deep-water oil and gas seismic exploration.
Abstract
A new filter material, manganese oxide film coated clinoptilolite (MOFCC), was characterized and introduced to explore the effect in treating high concentration of manganese (1.71–2.12 mg L
...−1
) from aqueous solution in fixed-bed column. Adsorption behavior of Mn(II) can be approximately described with the Langmuir isotherm. During the continuous 30 days filtration experiment, the removal rate of Mn(II) has maintained to be above 95.51%, the accumulated removal amount (806.42 mg) is much higher than the theoretical adsorption capacity (89.71 mg), which indicated that the removal of manganese by MOFCC includes both adsorption and auto-catalytic oxidation process, and it does not require a start-up period. SEM, EDS, XPS, XRD, ZETA potential and BET analyses were used to observe the surface properties of MOFCC. The manganese oxide film of MOFCC exhibits in clusters, apparently on occupied surface, the main component of the manganese oxide film is (Na
0.7
Ca
0.3
)Mn
7
O
14
·2.8H
2
O, the specific surface area of MOFCC is 38.76 m
2
g
−1
, and the pore size is concentrated in the range of 3–40 nm, within the mesoporous range mesopores. pH
pzc
(point of zero charge) value is about 2.36. The characteristics of MOFCC make it an excellent manganese removal filter material for water treatment plant. Therefore, there is a long-term practical significance to develop new system for deep removal of manganese based on MOFCC.
PFKFB3 (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase) synthesizes fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F2,6P2), which is an allosteric activator of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK-1), the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis. ...Overexpression of the PFKFB3 enzyme leads to high glycolytic metabolism, which is required for cancer cells to survive in the harsh tumor microenvironment. The objective of this study was to investigate the antitumor activity of PFK15 (1-(4-pyridinyl)-3-(2-quinolinyl)-2-propen-1-one), a small molecule inhibitor of PFKFB3, against gastric cancer and to explore its potential mechanisms. The effects of PFK15 on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle progression in gastric cancer cells were evaluated by cytotoxicity and apoptosis assays, flow cytometry, and western blotting. In addition, the invasion inhibition effects of PFK15 were measured by transwell invasion assay and western blot analysis, and a xenograft tumor model was used to verify the therapeutic effect of PFK15 in vivo. Results showed that PFK15 inhibited the proliferation, caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by blocking the Cyclin-CDKs/Rb/E2F signaling pathway, and induced apoptosis through mitochondria in gastric cancer cells. Tumor volume and weight were also significantly reduced upon intraperitoneal injection with PFK15 at 25 mg/kg. In addition, PFK15 inhibited the invasion of gastric cancer cells by downregulating focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression and upregulating E-cadherin expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that PFK15 is a promising anticancer drug for treating gastric cancer.
Downgoing/upgoing P/S-wave decomposition of ocean-bottom seismic (OBS) multicomponent data can help suppress the water-layer multiples and cross-talks between P- and S-waves, and therefore plays an ...important role in seismic migration and construction of P- and S-wave velocity models. We proposed novel composite calibration filters by introducing an additional dimension to the calibration of the particle velocity components, extending the wave-equation-based adaptive decomposition method. We also modified the existing workflow by jointly using primary reflections at near-to-medium offsets and ocean-bottom refractions at far offsets in the calibration optimization. The decomposition scheme with the novel calibration filters yielded satisfactory results in a deep-water OBS field data decomposition example. Expected decomposition effects, such as the enhancement of primary reflections and the attenuation of water-layer multiple events, can be observed in the decomposed upgoing wavefields. An experiment illustrated the effectiveness of composite calibration filters that compensated for unexpected velocity errors along the offset dimension.
The Montreal Protocol was designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by enabling reductions in the abundance of ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the atmosphere
.... The reduction in the atmospheric concentration of trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11) has made the second-largest contribution to the decline in the total atmospheric concentration of ozone-depleting chlorine since the 1990s
. However, CFC-11 still contributes one-quarter of all chlorine reaching the stratosphere, and a timely recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer depends on a sustained decline in CFC-11 concentrations
. Here we show that the rate of decline of atmospheric CFC-11 concentrations observed at remote measurement sites was constant from 2002 to 2012, and then slowed by about 50 per cent after 2012. The observed slowdown in the decline of CFC-11 concentration was concurrent with a 50 per cent increase in the mean concentration difference observed between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and also with the emergence of strong correlations at the Mauna Loa Observatory between concentrations of CFC-11 and other chemicals associated with anthropogenic emissions. A simple model analysis of our findings suggests an increase in CFC-11 emissions of 13 ± 5 gigagrams per year (25 ± 13 per cent) since 2012, despite reported production being close to zero
since 2006. Our three-dimensional model simulations confirm the increase in CFC-11 emissions, but indicate that this increase may have been as much as 50 per cent smaller as a result of changes in stratospheric processes or dynamics. The increase in emission of CFC-11 appears unrelated to past production; this suggests unreported new production, which is inconsistent with the Montreal Protocol agreement to phase out global CFC production by 2010.
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