•Photodynamic therapy becomes a possible therapeutic approach for pathological scar.•Low tissue penetration of 5-aminolevulinic acid restricts its therapeutic efficacy.•Incomplete epithelialization ...at early stage of scarring provide better penetration.•Early intervention of photodynamic therapy is potential strategy for scar prevention.
Surgical scar formation afflicts patients and current treatments are limited by inconsistent efficacy, long-term and painful treatment processes. In this report, a patient received 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (5-ALA PDT) on the first postoperative day, once a week for 5 sessions. At two-year follow-up, the intervention of 5-ALA PDT at early stage decreased the vascular density and improved extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The early intervention of surgical scar by 5-ALA PDT overcomes the penetration limits of photosensitizer and red light, making it a potential strategy for surgical scar prevention.
Purpose
The efficacy of the use of 2-octyl cyanoacrylate (OCA) as an adjuvant to wound closure in preventing wound complications after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is rarely reported. This study was ...aimed to determine whether the use of OCA as a supplement to conventional wound closure reduces the incidence of wound complications following TKA.
Patients and methods
This retrospective study reviewed 1106 consecutive patients who underwent TKA for symptomatic end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) between 2012 and 2017. The first 562 patients who did not receive OCA were grouped into the Control group, and the subsequent 544 patients who received OCA as an adjuvant to wound closure were grouped into the OCA group. All patients were followed up for at least 2 years. The main outcome was the development of operative site complications, including aseptic and infectious complications. Aseptic wound complications were wound leakage, hematoma, wound dehiscence and delayed wound healing, and infectious complication was mainly referred to the superficial infection.
Results
No significant difference with regard to hematoma was observed between groups (3.0% vs. 3.7%,
P
= 0.617,
φ
= − 0.02). The incidences were significantly higher in the Control group versus the OCA group in regard to wound leakage (9.4% vs. 2.0%,
P
= 0.000,
φ
= 0.16), wound dehiscence (5.7% vs. 1.3%,
P
= 0.000,
φ
= 0.12), delayed wound healing (4.4% vs. 1.5%,
P
= 0.004,
φ
= 0.09) and superficial infection (2.0% vs. 0.4%,
P
= 0.022,
φ
= 0.07). No serious adverse events (AEs) occurred.
Conclusions
The present study showed that the addition of OCA reduced the incidence of wound leakage, wound dehiscence, delayed wound healing and superficial infection after TKA compared to conventional wound closure. Based on the outcomes above, we decide to use OCA routinely for wound closure after TKA.
Level of evidence
III, retrospective, cohort study.
Background Pneumonia is a serious problem that threatens the health of newborns. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of hospitalized term and preterm infants with ...community-acquired viral pneumonia. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of cases of community-acquired viral pneumonia in the Neonatal Department. Nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples were collected for pathogen detection, and clinical data were collected. We analysed pathogenic species and clinical characteristics among these infants. Results RSV is the main virus in term infants, and parainfluenza virus (PIV) 3 is the main virus in preterm infants. Patients infected with PIV3 were more susceptible to coinfection with bacteria than those with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection (p < 0.05). Preterm infants infected with PIV3 were more likely to be coinfected with bacteria than term infants (p < 0.05), mainly gram-negative bacteria (especially Klebsiella pneumonia). Term infants with bacterial infection were more prone to fever, cyanosis, moist rales, three concave signs, elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, respiratory failure and the need for higher level of oxygen support and mechanical ventilation than those with simple viral infection (p < 0.05). The incidence of hyponatremia in neonatal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) was high. Conclusions RSV and PIV3 were the leading causes of neonatal viral CAP. PIV3 infection is the main cause of viral CAP in preterm infants, and these individuals are more likely to be coinfected with bacteria than term infants, mainly gram-negative bacteria. Term infants with CAP coinfected with bacteria were more likely to have greater disease severity than those with single viral infections. Keywords: Newborn, Pneumonia, Virus, Preterm, Coinfection
The characteristics of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) over the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) during the warm seasons (April–August) are investigated using an automatic tracking algorithm based on ...long‐term (2000–2018) hourly geostationary satellites data of temperature of black body. A total of 1,845 MCSs generated over the YGP are identified and further classified into the eastward moving type (EMT; ~13.1%) and noneastward moving/dissipating type (NDT; ~86.9%). The two types of MCSs exhibit varying characteristics. The EMTs are mainly active in the eastern flank of the YGP with a longer mean lifespan (~16.5 hr), while the NDTs occur anywhere over the YGP with a preference for the central YGP with a shorter mean lifespan (~7.6 hr). The MCSs are observed most frequently during June–July, while the ratio of EMTs reaches the highest in April due to the strongest steering flows. The abundant moisture supply plays a vital role in the generation and development of MCSs in June, whereas the dynamic forcing and high CAPE are favourable to MCSs in July. In terms of the diurnal cycle, the NDTs are generally initiated in the afternoon, reach mature in the late afternoon, and dissipate at night. By contrast, the mature stage of EMTs shows double diurnal peaks in the late afternoon and early morning. The MCSs are usually generated in an instable environment accompanied by strong vertical wind shear and intense low‐level water vapour flux over the YGP, and the MCSs tend to vacate the YGP with strong mid‐level westerlies and instable environment in the downstream regions. Compared to MCSs in Tibetan Plateau, the ratio of the EMTs is higher with longer lifespans though fewer MCSs are generated over the YGP.
A total of 1,845 MCSs generated over the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau (YGP) during 18 warm seasons are identified and further classified into the eastward moving type (EMT; ~13.1%) and noneastward moving/dissipating type (NDT; ~86.9%). The two types of MCSs exhibit varying characteristics. The EMTs are mainly active in the eastern flank of the YGP with a longer mean lifespan (~16.5 hr), while the NDTs occur anywhere over the YGP with a preference for the central YGP with a shorter mean lifespan (~7.6 hr).
A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to simultaneously determine chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in soil, wheat grain, and ...wheat straw matrices. Satisfactory linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9965) of the method was obtained for all analytes. The ranges of limits of detection and limits of quantification for seven analytes in three matrices were 0.17–66.7 and 0.5–200 μg/kg, respectively. Average recoveries were 72.85–81.25% for chlorpyrifos, 78.54–84.70% for imidacloprid, 73.83–81.03% for imidacloprid olefin, 71.47–80.61% for 5‐hydroxy imidacloprid, 71.79–81.32% for imidacloprid urea, 70.42–82.20% for imidacloprid nitroguanidine, and 70.91–82.46% for imidacloprid 6‐chloronicotinic acid in soil, wheat grain, and wheat straw. The intra‐ and interday relative standard deviations were less than 8%. The established method was successfully applied for the residual analysis of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in actual soil, wheat grain, and wheat straw samples. The results indicated that the established method could be used to detect trace amounts of chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and imidacloprid metabolites in wheat and that the method might be able to provide some data on the detection of these seven compounds in other crops.
For verification of spatial distribution of phosphorous retention capacity in constructed wetlands systems(CWs), two horizontal subsurface flow(HSSF) CWs and two vertical subsurface flow(VSSF) CWs, ...using sand as substrate and Typha latifolia as wetland plants, were constructed and put into use for synthetic wastewater treatment. Five months later, significant spatial variations of TP and inorganic phosphorus(Ca-P, Fe-P and Al-P) were observed, which were found to be greatly affected by CWs type and hydraulic loading. The results revealed that though spatial distribution of Fe-P and Al-P displayed a similar order of substrate content as "rhizosphere" > "near-rhizosphere" > "non-rhizosphere" and "inflow section" > "outflow section" regardless of types and loading, the distribution of Ca-P was positively correlated to that of Fe-P and Al-P in HSSF CWs, while negative correlation was shown in VSSF CWs. As a result, TP spatial distribution in HSSF CWs demonstrated a greater dissimilarity than that in VSSF CWs. For HSSF CWs with low hydraulic loading, the lowest TP content was found in non-rhizosphere substrate of outflow section, while the highest one was discovered in rhizonsphere substrate of inflow section. The values in 6 parts of areas ranged from 0.138 g·kg-1 to 2.710 g·kg-1, which also were from -33.5% to 1209% compared to the control value. On contrast, spatial difference of TP content in substrates of VSSF CWs was insignificant, with a variation ranging from 0.776 g·kg-1 to 1.080 g·kg-1, that was 275% to 421% higher than the control value. In addition, when hydraulic loading was increased, TP content in VSSF CWs sharply decreased, ranging from 0.210 g·kg-1 to 0.634 g·kg-1. Meanwhile, dissimilarity of TP spatial distribution in HSSF CWs was reduced, with TP content ranging from 0.258 g·kg-1 to 2.237 g·kg-1. The results suggested that P spatial distribution should be taken into account for CWs design and operation.
This study aimed to quantitatively assess myocardial strain in preterm children aged 5 to 8 years of pregnancy complicated by severe preeclampsia (PE) by two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking ...echocardiography.
A cohort study of 23 preterm children delivered by severe PE pregnant women from 2010 to 2012 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University was carried out. 23 preterm children from uneventful pregnancies in the same period served as controls. Myocardial functions including left ventricular longitudinal strain, radial strain, circumferential strain, and right ventricular longitudinal strain were evaluated by conventional Doppler, tissue Doppler imaging, and 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D STE). All examinations were performed by an experienced ultrasonographer using the VIVID E9 (GE Healthcare) machine, according to standard techniques.
Children aged 5-8 years delivered from severe PE presented less weight (24.41 vs. 20.89 kg,
< 0.05), shorter height (124.1 vs 115.6 cm,
< 0.05) and faster heart rates (84 vs. 93 bpm,
< 0.05) compared to offspring of normotensive women. There were no significant differences in global left ventricular longitudinal strain, radial strain, circumferential strain, and right ventricular longitudinal strain between the children in the experimental group and the control group (
> 0.05).
Exposure to the intrauterine environment of severe PE during the fetal period did not have a significant impact on cardiac structure in premature children at 5-8 years old, but they had a higher resting heart rate which may be associated with cardiovascular disease in the long run.
•95.0% of AVS in sediments was removed in two weeks by calcium nitrate addition.•Potential risk assessment of heavy metals during the process of denitrification was reported.•AVS residual was helpful ...to keep risk of heavy metals in sediments at a low level.•Limitation of Igeo, SQGs, RAC and AVS/SEM for temporal dynamic assessment was observed.
Calcium nitrate addition has been proved to be a effective technology for sediment odor control, however, when sulfide was oxidized, metals those combined to sulfide might potentially threatened the aquatic ecosystem. In this work, for the purpose of assessing the effect of acid volatile sulfide (AVS) residual on ecological risk of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn) in anoxic sediments during the denitrification, limited calcium nitrate (20g/kgdw) was added into sediments in microcosm systems, and then was exhausted within two weeks, along with 95.0% AVS removed. During the treatment, simultaneously extracted metal (SEM) to AVS ratio increased with sulfide removal, but remained lower than 1 because of the residual of AVS. Furthermore, geoaccumulation index (Igeo), sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and risk assessment code (RAC) all indicated that the risk level of all metals in treated sediments showed no significant change compared to that in initial sediments. It suggested that certain content of AVS residual could keep ecological risk of heavy metals at a low level during the treatment with calcium nitrate addition. However, limitations of each assessment index were observed as well. Igeo and SQGs were found to be unsuitable for temporal dynamic evaluation, but useful for identifying which metal got higher pollution level and risk level, and thus deserved more concerns. In addition, RAC was appropriate for Cu assessment rather than Zn, Cd and Pb evaluation, while AVS–SEM method was suitable for Zn, Cd and Pb evaluation instead of Cu assessment. Thus, all these indexes should be taken into account as a whole when used.
Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) is among the most important cultured fish species in China and various viral diseases have greatly affected the largemouth bass industry. We established a ...permanent cell line from the heart of M. salmoides (MSH) that has been subcultured over 70 times and showed optimal growth at 27 °C using Medium 199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. MSH cells consisted predominantly of fibroblast-like cells and their karyotypes revealed diploid numbers for most cells at passage 60 with 2n = 64. Sequencing of cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA genes confirmed that MSH cells were derived from M. salmoides. The cell line was tested for Mycoplasma contamination and found to be negative. MSH cells were successfully transfected with a GFP reporter gene indicating that these cells can be utilized for gene expression studies. The MSH cells showed susceptibility to M. salmoides rhabdovirus (MSRV), Largemouth bass ranavirus (LMBV), Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus(ISKNV), Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) and Grass carp reovirus genotype I (GCRV-I) but were resistant to nervous necrosis virus (NNV). PCR assay and electron microscopy further confirmed that all the tested viruses except NNV can replicate in MSH cells. The replication efficiency of MSRV, LMBV, ISKNV, SVCV, TiLV and GCRV-I ranged from 107.24 to 108.82 TCID50/mL. In addition, type I interferon genes were induced with only NNV infection. In conclusion, we successfully generated an immortal cell line from the heart tissue of M. salmoides and the newly established MHS cell line was highly susceptible to many fish viruses that can be useful for future genetic, virological and immunological studies.
•A fast growing fibroblast-like cell line has been developed from heart of Micropterus salmoides (MSH).•MSH cell line has been subcultured for more than 70 passages with optimal culture temperature of 27 °C.•The cell line was successfully employed for transfection studies.•MSH cells are susceptible to multiple viruses, with high replication efficiency.•NNV can not replicate in MSH cells but induces the antiviral response.
(1) Background: Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) can cause extensive fish deaths. Therefore, developing treatments to combat virulent SGIV is of great economic importance to address this challenge ...to the grouper aquaculture industry. Green tea is an important medicinal and edible plant throughout the world. In this study, we evaluated the use of green tea components against SGIV infection. (2) Methods: The safe working concentrations of green tea components were identified by cell viability detection and light microscopy. Additionally, the antiviral activity of each green tea component against SGIV infection was determined with light microscopy, an aptamer (Q5c)-based fluorescent molecular probe, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR. (3) Results: The safe working concentrations of green tea components were green tea aqueous extract (GTAE) ≤ 100 μg/mL, green tea polyphenols (TP) ≤ 10 μg/mL, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) ≤ 12 μg/mL, (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) ≤ 10 μg/mL, (-)-epicatechin gallate (EGC) ≤ 5 μg/mL, and (-)-epicatechin (EC) ≤ 50 μg/mL. The relative antiviral activities of the green tea components determined in terms of MCP gene expression were TP > EGCG > GTAE > ECG > EGC > EC, with inhibition rates of 99.34%, 98.31%, 98.23%, 88.62%, 73.80%, and 44.31%, respectively. The antiviral effect of aptamer-Q5c was consistent with the results of qPCR. Also, TP had an excellent antiviral effect in vitro, wherein the mortality of fish in only the SGIV-injection group and TP + SGIV-injection group were 100% and 11.67%, respectively. (4) Conclusions: In conclusion, our results suggest that green tea components have effective antiviral properties against SGIV and may be candidate agents for the effective treatment and control of SGIV infections in grouper aquaculture.
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