In this study, boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were utilized as covering and reinforcing materials owing to their extraordinary insulation and extremely high hydrophobicity. The gas–liquid–solid ...annealing process was used to manufacture the BNNT stainless-steel filter, with a 120 mesh stainless steel filter serving as the substrate and B2O3 as the raw material. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the average diameter of the nanotubes was 0.40 μm. The BNNTs were bamboo shaped, and the BNNT stainless-steel filter was superhydrophobic, with a water contact angle was 150.49°. The materials demonstrated good separation performance, as indicated by the separation results obtained under four different test conditions (0 and 0.3 MPa, 3 and 10 mL/min). The solid–liquid separation effect of the BNNT stainless-steel filter was better than that of the Teflon filter. In oil–water separation experiments with varying water contents (1.2 and 5.8 wt%), the BNNT stainless-steel filter was more hydrophobic. Based on the results, the role of the hydrodynamic method in the separation of two superhydrophobic materials is discussed. The method introduced in this study can serve as a reference for the application of other filtration separation technologies. Furthermore, the superior separation performance of the superhydrophobic BNNT stainless-steel filter may enable the quick, effective, and continuous collection of water contaminated with oil, giving it a wide range of potential applications.
Thermotolerant inulin-utilizing yeast strains are desirable for ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). To obtain such strains, 21 naturally occurring ...yeast strains isolated by using an enrichment method and 65 previously isolated
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strains were investigated in inulin utilization, extracellular inulinase activity, and ethanol fermentation from inulin and Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour at 40 °C. The strains
Kluyveromyces marxianus
PT-1 (CGMCC AS2.4515) and
S. cerevisiae
JZ1C (CGMCC AS2.3878) presented the highest extracellular inulinase activity and ethanol yield in this study. The highest ethanol concentration in Jerusalem artichoke tuber flour fermentation (200 g L
−1
) at 40 °C achieved by
K. marxianus
PT-1 and
S. cerevisiae
JZ1C was 73.6 and 65.2 g L
−1
, which corresponded to the theoretical ethanol yield of 90.0 and 79.7 %, respectively. In the range of 30 to 40 °C, temperature did not have a significant effect on ethanol production for both strains. This study displayed the distinctive superiority of
K. marxianus
PT-1 and
S. cerevisiae
JZ1C in the thermotolerance and utilization of inulin-type oligosaccharides reserved in Jerusalem artichoke tubers. It is proposed that both
K. marxianus
and
S. cerevisiae
have considerable potential in ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke tubers by a high temperature CBP.
It was observed that partial discharges were not detected from GIS insulators with the crack defects operated at 1100 kV in the UHV substation in China. The question is that whether crack defects can ...induce partial discharge at the operated voltage. In order to obtain the relationships between PD occurrence and crack configuration on GIS insulator operated at 1100 kV, the electric field strengths in the crack, changed with crack length, crack depth, crack direction, crack position, were simulated on a 1100 kV GIS insulator at operation voltage. The simulated results indicated that the field strength in the cracks, which located on the surface of the insulator or paralleled to the electric field direction, were close to that in the insulator around the crack, and the crack cannot induce partial discharge. However, the field strength in the cracks, which located in the deep position of insulator and in perpendicular to the electric field direction, was much higher than that in the insulator around the crack. For example, in the case of the crack located close to high voltage conductor, field strength in deep crack perpendicular to electric field direction could be 5.6 times of the field strength in the insulator around the crack, and it close to the field criteria of gas discharge, leading partial discharge occurred at operation voltage. The simulated results were verified by the experiment conducted on the insulators with cracks. The experimental results indicated that the crack could produce partial discharge, only when it is located in deep insulator material and in perpendicular to the electric field direction, and close to high voltage conductor.
Lignin, a characteristic component of terrestrial plants. Rivers transport large amounts of vascular plant organic matter into the oceans where lignin can degrade over time; however, microorganisms ...involved in this degradation have not been identified. In this study, several bacterial strains were isolated from marine samples using the lignin-derived compound vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) as the sole carbon and energy source. The optimum growth temperature for all isolates ranged from 30 to 35°C. All isolates grew well in a wide NaCl concentration range of 0 to over 50 g/L, with an optimum concentration of 22.8 g/L, which is the same as natural seawater. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these strains are the members of Halomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas, and Thalassospira. These isolates are also able to use other lignin-derived compounds, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and benzoic acid. Vanillic acid was detected in all culture media when isolates were grown on ferulic acid as the sole carbon source; however, no 4-hydroxy-3-methoxystyrene was detected, indicating that ferulic acid metabolism by these strains occurs via the elimination of two side chain carbons. Furthermore, the isolates exhibit 3,4-dioxygenase or 4,5-dioxygenase activity for protocatechuic acid ring-cleavage, which is consistent with the genetic sequences of related genera. This study was conducted to isolate and characterize marine bacteria of degrading lignin-derived compounds, thereby revealing the degradation of aromatic compounds in the marine environment and opening up new avenues for the development and utilization of marine biological resources.
Chondrosarcoma (CHS) is the second most common bone malignant tumor and currently has limited treatment options. We have recently demonstrated that thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a ...crucial role in the oncogenesis of bone sarcoma, yet its implication in CHS is underdetermined. In the present study, we first found that knockdown of TXNIP promotes the proliferation of CHS cell largely through increasing their glycolytic metabolism, which is well-known as Warburg effect for providing energy. Consistent with our previous report that YAP is fundamental for CHS cell growth, herein we revealed that YAP functioned as an upstream molecule of TXNIP, and that YAP negatively regulated TXNIP mRNA and protein expression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, although knockdown of YAP upregulated both the nuclear and cytoplasmic TXNIP expression, we did not observe any obvious interaction between YAP and TXNIP; instead, miRNA-524-5p was demonstrated to be required for YAP-regulated TXNIP expression and thus controlling CHS cell growth. Together, our study reveals that TXNIP is a tumor suppressor in terms of CHS, and that the YAP/miRNA-524-5p/TXNIP signaling axis may provide a novel clue for CHS targeted therapy.
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•TXNIP inhibits tumor growth in chondrosarcoma.•YAP negatively regulates TXNIP in vitro and in vivo.•YAP negatively regulates TXNIP expression by accumulating the miR-524-5p.•TXNIP is detected as a direct target gene of miR-524-5p in chondrosarcoma.
Inflammatory pain, is caused by lesions or diseases of the somatosensory tissue, is a prevalent chronic condition that profoundly impacts the quality of life. However, clinical treatment for this ...type of pain remains limited. Traditionally, the stimulation of microglia and subsequent inflammatory reactions are considered crucial elements to promote the worsening of inflammatory pain. Recent research has shown the crucial importance of the cGAS-STING pathway in promoting inflammation. It is still uncertain if the cGAS-STING pathway plays the role in the fundamental cause of inflammatory pain. We aim to explore the treatment of inflammatory pain by interfering with cGAS-STING signaling pathway.
In this study, we established an inflammatory pain model by CFA into the plantar of mice. Activation of microglia, various inflammatory factors and cGAS-STING protein in the spinal dorsal horn were evaluated. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the cellular localization of cGAS and STING. The cGAS-STING pathway proteins expression and mRNA expression of indicated microglial M1/M2 phenotypic markers in the BV2 microglia were detected. STING inhibitor C-176 was intrathecal injected into mice with inflammatory pain, and the pain behavior and microglia were observed.
This research showed that injecting CFA into the left hind paw of mice caused mechanical allodynia and increased inflammation in the spine. Our research results suggested that the cGAS-STING pathway had a function in the inflammation mediated by microglia in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Blocking the cGAS-STING pathway using STING antagonists (C-176) led to reduced release of inflammatory factors and prevented M1 polarization of BV2 microglia in a laboratory setting. Additionally, intrathecal administration of C-176 reduced the allodynia in CFA treated mice.
Our results suggest that inhibiting microglial polarization through the cGAS-STING pathway represents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for inflammatory pain.
•The flow boiling CHF under different conditions in microgravity (μg) was measured.•The CHF in microgravity (CHFμg) is sensitive to the heater length and flow velocity.•The effect of gravity on ...bubble behavior is sensitive to the heater length.•An empirical correlation for the prediction of qCHF-μg/qCHF-1g was developed.
There is a significant decrease in flow boiling CHF when the inertial force of the fluid is not large enough in microgravity, but this tendency decreases with the increase of the inertial force. In the present study, the critical heat flux (CHF) of subcooled flow boiling at different gravity levels on smooth silicon surfaces was investigated. The working fluid is FC-72, with the subcooling of 15 K. The flow boiling heat transfer characteristics, including the CHF, wall temperatures and bubble behavior were studied. The effects of the heater length, channel height and flow velocity on the CHF were studied. It was found that the CHF increases with the increase of the channel height and flow velocity, but decreases with the increase of the heater length. A similar tendency was found for the ratio of the CHF in microgravity to that in normal gravity (qCHF-μg/qCHF-1g). The relation of the flow velocity, heater length, channel geometrical parameters, and qCHF-μg/qCHF-1g was studied by the dimensionless analysis. Finally, a correlation for the prediction of qCHF-μg/qCHF-1g was developed based on the dimensionless analysis and the prediction results agree quite well with the experimental data within ±10%.
Background
Posterior wall fracture is the most common type of acetabular fracture, the traditional open reduction and fixation through the Kocher–Langenbeck approach required a large incision and ...extensive muscle and soft tissue dissection, resulting in more blood loss, more complications and delayed recovery after the operation. Hip arthroscopy has been widely used in clinical practice but rarely reported in acetabular fractures.
Case Presentation
We present the case of a 14‐year‐old boy with acetabular posterior wall fracture who was treated with hip arthroscopy reduction and fixation using anchors. He began to walk with partial weight‐bearing assisted by double crutches, and returned to school with crutches at 3 days after surgery. Although hip arthroscopy is technically more demanding, it’s an optimal choice for selected patients of acetabular fracture with the advantages of less invasive and faster postoperative recovery.
We present the case of a 14‐year‐old boy with acetabular posterior wall fracture who was treated with hip arthroscopy reduction and fixation using anchors. Hip arthroscopy is an optimal choice for selected patients of acetabular fracture with the advantages of less invasive and faster postoperative recovery.
Background Our prior study showed that resveratrol could suppress infarct volume and exert neuroprotective effect on rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia (FCI) injury. Recently, it has been ...reported in some literature that resveratrol protects the spinal cord, kidney, and heart from ischemia-reperfusion injury through upregulation of nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the role of nitric oxide on the neuroprotective mechanisms of resveratrol on rats after FCI injury. Methods The FCI injury was induced by the middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion for 1 hour and then a 24-hour reperfusion followed in the anesthetized Long-Evans rats. Resveratrol was intravenously injected after 1 hour MCA occlusion. Results Treatment of resveratrol (0.1 and 1 μg/kg) decreased the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in plasma and malondialdehyde (MDA) in FCI injury brain tissue, whereas the level of NO in plasma was increased. In addition, resveratrol downregulated protein and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and upregulated protein and mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), while the expression of protein and mRNA of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was unchanged. Pretreatment with NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, the nonselective NOS inhibitor) or L-N -(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (L-NIO, the eNOS selective inhibitor) completely blocked the effect of resveratrol in decreasing infarction volumes. Conclusions This study demonstrated the important role of NO in the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in FCI injury.
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