Breast cancer, the most common cancer in women, is receiving increasing attention. The lack of high-quality medical resources, especially highly skilled doctors, in remote areas makes the diagnosis ...of breast cancer inefficient and causes great harm to women. The emergence of remote e-health has improved the situation to a certain extent, but its capabilities are still hampered by technical limitations, which manifest in two main aspects. First, due to network bandwidth limitations, it is difficult to guarantee the real-time transmission of breast cancer pathology images between remote areas and cities. Second, the highly skilled breast cancer doctors at large city hospitals are not guaranteed to be available for online diagnosis at all times. To overcome these limitations, this article proposes a deep-learning-empowered breast cancer auxiliary diagnosis scheme for remote e-health supported by 5G technology and beyond (5GB remote e-health). In this scheme, breast pathology images are first received from major hospitals via 5G, and a deep learning model based on the Inception-v3 network is subjected to transfer learning to obtain a diagnostic model. This diagnostic model is then employed on edge servers for auxiliary diagnosis at remote area hospitals. A theoretical analysis and experimental results show that this solution not only overcomes the two problems mentioned above but also improves the diagnostic accuracy for breast cancer in remote areas to 98.19 percent.
Stretchable self‐healing supercapacitors (SCs) can operate under extreme deformation and restore their initial properties after damage with considerably improved durability and reliability, expanding ...their opportunities in numerous applications, including smart wearable electronics, bioinspired devices, human–machine interactions, etc. It is challenging, however, to achieve mechanical stretchability and self‐healability in energy storage technologies, wherein the key issue lies in the exploitation of ideal electrode and electrolyte materials with exceptional mechanical stretchability and self‐healing ability besides conductivity. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) possess unique hierarchical porous structure, high electrical/ionic conductivity, broadly tunable physical and chemical properties through molecular design and structure regulation, holding tremendous promise for stretchable self‐healing SCs. Hence, this review is innovatively constructed with a focus on stretchable and self‐healing CH based electrodes and electrolytes for SCs. First, the common synthetic approaches of CHs are introduced; then the stretching and self‐healing strategies involved in CHs are systematically elaborated; followed by an explanation of the conductive mechanism of CHs; then focusing on CH‐based electrodes and electrolytes for stretchable self‐healing SCs; subsequently, application of stretchable and self‐healing SCs in wearable electronics are discussed; finally, a conclusion is drawn along with views on the challenges and future research directions regarding the field of CHs for SCs.
Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are a new class of soft functional materials that have recently found application in flexible energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors (SCs). Herein, the promise of CHs in this emerging field is demonstrated through summarizing their roles as ideal electrode and electrolyte materials for stretchable and self‐healing SCs.
Since its debut in 2004, graphene has attracted enormous interest because of its unique properties. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has emerged as an important method for the preparation and ...production of graphene for various applications since the method was first reported in 2008/2009. In this Account, we review graphene CVD on various metal substrates with an emphasis on Ni and Cu. In addition, we discuss important and representative applications of graphene formed by CVD, including as flexible transparent conductors for organic photovoltaic cells and in field effect transistors. Growth on polycrystalline Ni films leads to both monolayer and few-layer graphene with multiple layers because of the grain boundaries on Ni films. We can greatly increase the percentage of monolayer graphene by using single-crystalline Ni(111) substrates, which have smooth surface and no grain boundaries. Due to the extremely low solubility of carbon in Cu, Cu has emerged as an even better catalyst for the growth of monolayer graphene with a high percentage of single layers. The growth of graphene on Cu is a surface reaction. As a result, only one layer of graphene can form on a Cu surface, in contrast with Ni, where more than one layer can form through carbon segregation and precipitation. We also describe a method for transferring graphene sheets from the metal using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). CVD graphene has electronic properties that are potentially valuable in a number of applications. For example, few-layer graphene grown on Ni can function as flexible transparent conductive electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells. In addition, because we can synthesize large-grain graphene on Cu foil, such large-grain graphene has electronic properties suitable for use in field effect transistors.
An extremely simple in situ self‐transformation methodology is developed to introduce pseudocapacitance into the MOF system resulting in a largely boosted electrochemical performance: a three‐fold ...increase in capacitance as well as improved rate capacity. An all‐solid‐state hybrid flexible supercapacitor is fabricated based on the obtained MnOx–MHCF composite and activated carbon with an areal capacitance of 175 mF cm−2 at 0.5 mA cm−2.
Inflammatory bowel disease:Pathogenesis Zhang, Yi-Zhen; Li, Yong-Yu
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG,
01/2014, Letnik:
20, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,is characterized by chronic relapsing intestinal inflammation.It has been a worldwide health-care problem with a ...continually increasing incidence.It is thought that IBD results from an aberrant and continuing immune response to the microbes in the gut,catalyzed by the genetic susceptibility of the individual.Although the etiology of IBD remains largely unknown,it involves a complex interaction between the genetic,environmental or microbial factors and the immune responses.Of the four components of IBD pathogenesis,most rapid progress has been made in the genetic study of gut inflammation.The latest internationally collaborative studies have ascertained 163susceptibility gene loci for IBD.The genes implicated in childhood-onset and adult-onset IBD overlap,suggesting similar genetic predispositions.However,the fact that genetic factors account for only a portion of overall disease variance indicates that microbial and environmental factors may interact with genetic elements in the pathogenesis of IBD.Meanwhile,the adaptive immune response has been classically considered to play a major role in the pathogenesis of IBD,as new studies in immunology and genetics have clarified that the innate immune response maintains the same importance in inducing gut inflammation.Recent progress in understanding IBD pathogenesis sheds lights on relevant disease mechanisms,including the innate and adaptive immunity,and the interactions between genetic factors and microbial and environmental cues.In this review,we provide an update on the major advances that have occurred in above areas.
The ongoing rapid expansion of the Word Wide Web (WWW) greatly increases the information of effective transmission from heterogeneous individuals to various systems. Extensive research for ...information diffusion is introduced by a broad range of communities including social and computer scientists, physicists, and interdisciplinary researchers. Despite substantial theoretical and empirical studies, unification and comparison of different theories and approaches are lacking, which impedes further advances. In this article, we review recent developments in information diffusion and discuss the major challenges. We compare and evaluate available models and algorithms to respectively investigate their physical roles and optimization designs. Potential impacts and future directions are discussed. We emphasize that information diffusion has great scientific depth and combines diverse research fields which makes it interesting for physicists as well as interdisciplinary researchers.
Supercapacitors hold great promise for future electronic systems that are moving towards being flexible, portable, and highly integrated, due to their superior power density, stability and cycle ...lives. Printed electronics represents a paradigm shift in the manufacturing of supercapacitors in that it provides a whole range of simple, low-cost, time-saving, versatile and environmentally-friendly manufacturing technologies for supercapacitors with new and desirable structures (micro-, asymmetric, flexible,
etc.
), thus unleashing the full potential of supercapacitors for future electronics. In this review, we start by introducing the structural features of printed supercapacitors, followed by a summary of materials related to printed supercapacitors, including electrodes, electrolytes, current collectors and substrates; then the approaches to improve the performance of printed supercapacitors by tuning printing processes are discussed; next a summary of the recent developments of printed supercapacitors is given in terms of specific printing methods utilized; finally, challenges and future research opportunities of this exciting research direction are presented.
This review summarizes how printing methods can revolutionize the manufacturing of supercapacitors - promising energy storage devices for flexible electronics.
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), the most common malignant tumour of the bile duct, is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. MicroRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p) is an important tumour suppressor that ...participates in many aspects of carcinogenesis and cancer development. However, the role of miR-30a-5p in GBC development remains to be determined, as do the mechanisms underlying its effects in GBC. Using samples collected from 42 subjects with gallbladder carcinoma (GBC), we showed decreased miR-30a-5p expression in the primary lesions vs. non-tumour adjacent tissues (NATs). Decreased miR-30a-5p was associated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Inhibiting miR-30a-5p expression in 2 representative GBC cell lines (GBC-SD and NOZ) increased cell proliferation, migration, invasiveness, as well as β-catenin nuclear translocation, vice versa. In nude mice, NOZ cells transfected with miR-30a-5p mimics grew slower (vs. miR-NC) upon subcutaneous inoculation, and had lower rate of hepatic metastasis upon spleen inoculation. Dual luciferase assay confirmed that E2F transcription factor 7 (E2F7) was a direct target of miR-30a-5p and antagonized the effects induced by miR-30a-5p downregulation in GBC cells. MiR-30a-5p attenuates the EMT and metastasis in GBC cells by targeting E2F7, suggesting miR-30a-5p is a tumour suppressor that may serve as a novel potential prognostic biomarker or molecular therapeutic target for GBC.
HMGB1 in inflammation and cancer Wang, Shumin; Zhang, Yi
Journal of hematology and oncology,
08/2020, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a non-histone chromatin-associated protein widely distributed in eukaryotic cells and is involved in DNA damage repair and genomic stability maintenance. In ...response to stimulus like bacteria or chemoradiotherapy, HMGB1 can translocate to extracellular context as a danger alarmin, activate the immune response, and participate in the regulation of inflammation and cancer progression.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell ...therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
cells/kg range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval CI, 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03090659 ; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered.
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