As a promising candidate for the much‐desired low power consumption spintronic devices, 2D magnetic van der Waals material also provides a versatile platform for the design and control of topological ...spin textures. In this work on WTe2/CrCl3 bilayer van der Waals heterostructures, a complete Néel‐type skyrmion–bimeron–ferromagnet phase transition is demonstrated, accompanied by the evolution of the topological number. This cyclic transition, mediated by a perpendicular magnetic field, is largely driven by the competition between the out‐of‐plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic dipole–dipole interaction. In the presence of a driving current, the Néel‐type skyrmion gains a higher velocity yet larger skyrmion Hall angle, in comparison to the bimeron. By incorporating a ferroelectric CuInP2S6 monolayer as a substrate, writing and erasing of skyrmions may be regulated using a ferroelectric polarization. This work sheds light on a novel approach to the design and control of magnetic skyrmions on 2D van der Waals materials.
In the WTe2/CrCl3 bilayer van der Waals heterostructure, a perfect Néel‐type skyrmion–bimeron–ferromagnetic cyclic phase transition featured by the evolution of the topological number is achieved by resorting to a perpendicular magnetic field combined with heating and cooling, and the skyrmion can be written and erased by the ferroelectricity of the CuInP2S6 monolayer.
Calcium (Ca2+) is a second messenger in various physiological processes within plants. The significance of the Ca2+/H+ exchanger (CAX) has been established in facilitating Ca2+ transport in plants; ...however, disease resistance functions of the CAX gene remain elusive. In this study, we conducted sequence characterization and expression analysis for a sugarcane CAX gene, ScCAX4 (GenBank Accession Number: MW206380). In order to further investigate the disease resistance functions, this gene was then transiently overexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, which were subsequently inoculated with Fusarium solani var. coeruleum. Results showed that ScCAX4 overexpression increased the susceptibility of N. benthamiana to pathogen infection by regulating the expression of genes related to salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) pathways, suggesting its negative role in disease resistance. Furthermore, we genetically transformed the ScCAX4 gene into N. benthamiana and obtained three positive T2 generation lines. Interestingly, the symptomatology of transgenic plants was consistent with that of transient overexpression after pathogen inoculation. Notably, the JA content in transgenic overexpression lines was significantly higher than that in the wild-type. RNA-seq revealed that ScCAX4 could mediate multiple signaling pathways, and the JA signaling pathway played a key role in modulating disease resistance. Finally, a regulatory model was depicted for the increased susceptibility to pathogen infection conferred by the ScCAX4 gene. This study provides genetic resources for sugarcane molecular breeding and the research direction for plant CAX genes.
S100A12 belongs to the S100 family and acts as a vital regulator in different types of tumors. However, the function of S100A12 in thyroid carcinoma has not yet been investigated. In this study, we ...analyzed the expression of S100A12 in human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) samples and two PTC cell lines. In addition, we explored the effects of S100A12 on PTC cell progression in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that S100A12 was significantly upregulated in PTC specimens. Moreover, silencing S100A12 markedly inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle progression. In addition, knockdown of S100A12 significantly reduced the expression of CyclinD1, CDK4 and p-ERK in PTC cells. An in vivo study also showed that silencing S100A12 dramatically suppressed tumor cell growth and decreased Ki67 expression in a xenograft mouse model. This study provides novel evidence that S100A12 serves as an oncogene in PTC. Knockdown of S100A12 suppressed PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced G0/G1 phase arrest via the inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, S100A12 may be a potent therapeutic target for PTC.
Abstract
As a promising candidate for the much‐desired low power consumption spintronic devices, 2D magnetic van der Waals material also provides a versatile platform for the design and control of ...topological spin textures. In this work on WTe
2
/CrCl
3
bilayer van der Waals heterostructures, a complete Néel‐type skyrmion–bimeron–ferromagnet phase transition is demonstrated, accompanied by the evolution of the topological number. This cyclic transition, mediated by a perpendicular magnetic field, is largely driven by the competition between the out‐of‐plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy and magnetic dipole–dipole interaction. In the presence of a driving current, the Néel‐type skyrmion gains a higher velocity yet larger skyrmion Hall angle, in comparison to the bimeron. By incorporating a ferroelectric CuInP
2
S
6
monolayer as a substrate, writing and erasing of skyrmions may be regulated using a ferroelectric polarization. This work sheds light on a novel approach to the design and control of magnetic skyrmions on 2D van der Waals materials.
Background
Concerns regarding end-of-life (EOL) chemotherapy are being increasingly raised. Tumor chemosensitivity may influence the decision for aggressive chemotherapy near the EOL. Data on EOL ...chemotherapy in highly chemosensitive tumors, such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), are scarce.
Method
A total of 143 SCLC decedents were consecutively included. Data about clinical factors and treatment modalities were obtained from the electronic medical records. The relationships among EOL chemotherapy, clinical features, overall survival (OS), and aggressive care were investigated.
Results
About 64% of patients had chemosensitive disease. In total, 30.8 and 16.1% of patients received EOL chemotherapy within the last 1 and 2 months of life, respectively. Younger age was associated with a higher rate of EOL chemotherapy. We determined that EOL chemotherapy was related to inferior OS not only in the entire group, but also in the chemosensitive subgroup. Furthermore, more intensive care was observed among patients who underwent EOL chemotherapy compared with those who did not.
Conclusions
EOL chemotherapy was correlated with shorter survival and more aggressive care in patients with SCLC. More research is needed to develop indications for terminating palliative chemotherapy, to help physicians and patients with their difficult choices.
The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical significance of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and clarify the effects of PX-478, a ...selective HIF-1α inhibitor, on ESCC both in vitro and in vivo. HIF-1α, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) were markedly overexpressed in ESCC tissue and associated with poorer survival. In vitro, both COX-2 and PD-L1 expression of ESCC cells were significantly induced by CoCl
treatment, but inhibited by HIF-1α knock-down or PX-478 treatment. Furthermore, PX-478 significantly inhibited tumor cell proliferation by inhibiting the G2/M transition and promoting apoptosis of ESCC cells. In addition, inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition was observed after PX-478 treatment. In vivo, PX-478 significantly decreased tumor volume following subcutaneous implantation. Together, our results indicated that PX-478 had significant antitumor activity against HIF-1α over-expressing ESCC tumors in vitro and in vivo. These results opened up the possibility of inhibiting HIF-1α for targeted therapy of ESCC.
Gliomas are one of the most lethal cancers in the human central nervous system. Despite clinical treatment advancements, the prognosis of patients with glioma remains poor. KDM2B is a histone lysine ...demethylase, which has been observed in multiple tumors. But the concrete role of KDM2B in gliomas remains to be further illustrated.
The KDM2B expression in gliomas was detected with immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay. Furthermore, knockdown of KDM2B in U87 and U251 glioma cell lines, the proliferation capacity was evaluated by cell viability assay, colon formation assay and flow cytometry in vitro. Western blot assay was used to analyze the p21, EZH2 and cyclinD1 changes followed by knockdown of KDM2B.
KDM2B was upregulated in tissues of glioma patients, and the expression was correlated to cancer progression. Downregulation of KDM2B in U87 and U251 glioma cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and arrested cell cycle in G0/G1 phase. In addition, silencing KDM2B promoted the upregulation of p21 while reduced the expression of EZH2 and cyclinD1.
Taken together, our results revealed that KDM2B might influence gliomas growth and act as a novel therapeutic target for glioma patients.
Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy. HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) is an anti-apoptotic factor involved in the development of many types of cancer. ...However, its functional role in human PTC remains unclear. Here we investigated HAX-1 overexpression in human PTC samples and correlated with tumor size and TNM stage. Decreased expression of HAX-1 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid cancer cell lines TPC1 and K1. Furthermore, we found that down-regulation of HAX-1 induced cell apoptosis. Our results suggest that HAX-1 plays a significant role in regulating the biological behavior in PTC cells and may contribute to PTC target therapy.
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