We developed a new means of activating aldoximes by an
in situ
generated thiocyanate radical from ammonium thiocyanate and molecular oxygen at room temperature. With a catalytic amount of organic dye ...aizenuranine as the photocatalyst, the dehydration of aldoximes proceeds smoothly under visible light irradiation, providing a simple to handle, excellent functional group tolerance, and metal-free protocol for a wide range of nitriles.
This work describes the first example of dehydration of aldoximes by an
in situ
generated radical-based hydrogen abstraction reaction.
A direct, redox-neutral, highly atom-economical and metal-free aerobic method for the synthesis of multi-substituted olefins via simply coupling ammonium thiocyanate with activated ketones is ...described. A series of multi-substituted olefins could be easily and efficiently obtained in excellent yields by using low-toxicity and inexpensive ammonium thiocyanate as an amine and thiocyanate source, and water is the only by-product.
Background
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients (SLE) are at a higher risk of cardiovascular events than the general population. This study aimed to investigate the risk perception of cardiovascular ...disease (CVD) and to analyze its influence factors among Chinese SLE patients.
Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was used to select 201 patients with SLE who had attended the outpatient and inpatient departments of the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology at the First Affiliated Hospital of the University of Science and Technology of China from November 2022 to March 2023. The following were used in the study: the Chinese version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire, the Social Support Rating Scale, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Health Literacy Management Scale, and sociodemographic and disease-related data.
Results
The mean (standard deviation) risk perception score of CVD patients with SLE was 57.18 ± 13.02. A Pearson correlation analysis showed that CVD risk perceptions were positively correlated with health literacy (r = 0.152, p < .05) and depression (r = 0.277, p < .05), and negatively correlated with social support (r = −0.393, p < .05) and psychological resilience (r = −0.374, p < .05). A multiple linear regression analysis showed that body mass index (BMI), family history, health literacy, depression, social support, and psychological resilience were the main factors influencing CVD risk perceptions among Chinese SLE patients (p < .05).
Conclusions
Body mass index, family history, health literacy, depression, social support, and psychological resilience influenced CVD risk perceptions among Chinese SLE patients. Healthcare workers should objectively and accurately assess the levels of CVD risk perception among SLE patients, identify the risk factors of CVD, adopt effective health risk communication strategies to help patients develop appropriate risk perceptions, and raise risk awareness to adopt active coping approaches to reduce risk.
A PDMS elastomer based on acylhydrazone groups with both acid- and heat-assisted self-healing properties was successfully prepared from tetra-acylhydrazine-terminated PDMS and terephthalaldehyde ...through solution casting. The good healing performance was obtained with catalytic acetic acid for 24 h at 25 °C or by annealing at 120 °C for 2 h. The elastomer exhibited a reversible transition near 80 °C observed by rheological measurements and variable-temperature FTIR, which corresponded to the dissociation and reconstruction of hydrogen bonds between acylhydrazone groups. Since the non-equimolar sample presented similar behaviors with the equimolar sample, it verifies that the reversible dissociation/reformation of hydrogen bonds dominates the heat-assisted self-healing process. This finding will enable better understanding of the contribution of hydrogen bonding interactions in acylhydrazone self-healing systems, thus promoting the development of self-healing bulk materials based on acylhydrazone groups.
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•Self-healing PDMS elastomers based on acylhydrazone groups were prepared.•A reversible transition was observed around 80 °C.•Role of H-bonds on self-healing properties was elucidated.
Introduction The prevalence of obesity in Chinese adults increased from 1991 to 2000; however, recent changes in this trend are unclear. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of obesity ...and to assess trends in obesity and BMI distribution in Chinese adults from 1991 through 2011. Methods Height and weight measurements of 12,249 Chinese adults from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey were analyzed (in 2013) together with China Health and Nutrition Survey data for 1991−2009. Obesity was defined as BMI≥28.0 kg/m2 based on the Working Group on Obesity in China criteria. Results In the 2011 survey, the age-adjusted mean BMI was 23.8 (95% CI=23.7, 23.9) for men and 23.4 (95% CI=23.2, 23.5) for women. The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 11.3% (95% CI=10.8%, 11.9%) overall, 11.8% (95% CI=10.8%, 12.6%) among men, and 11.0% (95% CI=10.3%, 11.8%) among women. Estimates of age-adjusted obesity prevalence among the Chinese population were significantly lower than those of the U.S. population (all p <0.05). Over the 20-year period, the prevalence of obesity increased from 2.88% to 11.8% among men (age-adjusted annual change in OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.07, 1.09, p <0.001) and from 4.55% to 11.0% among women (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.05, 1.06, p <0.001). Similar significant findings were observed for both men and women based on WHO recommendations. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity among both Chinese men and women increased significantly from 1991 through 2011, particularly among men.
In a recent remarkable experiment Sci. Adv. 2, e1501531 (2016), a 3-qubit quantum Fredkin (i.e., controlled-SWAP) gate was demonstrated by using linear optics. Here we propose a simple experimental ...scheme by utilizing the dispersive interaction in superconducting quantum circuit to implement a hybrid Fredkin gate with a superconducting flux qubit as the control qubit and two separated quantum memories as the target qudits. The quantum memories considered here are prepared by the superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators or nitrogen-vacancy center ensembles. In particular, it is shown that this Fredkin gate can be realized using a single-step operation and more importantly, each target qudit can be in an arbitrary state with arbitrary degrees of freedom. Furthermore, we show that this experimental scheme has many potential applications in quantum computation and quantum information processing such as generating arbitrary entangled states (discrete-variable states or continuous-variable states) of the two memories, measuring the fidelity and the entanglement between the two memories. With state-of-the-art circuit QED technology, the numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate that two-memory NOON states, entangled coherent states, and entangled cat states can be efficiently synthesized.
The prevalence of abdominal obesity is increasing dramatically worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of abdominal obesity from the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey ...(CHNS) and compare the data with other countries.
Waist circumference (WC) of 12,326 Chinese adults (aged 20 years or older) from the 2011 CHNS were analyzed by age group and region. Abdominal obesity was defined as a WC ≥90 cm for men and WC ≥80 cm for women based on World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for Asians.
In 2011, the age-adjusted mean WC was 85.9 cm (95% confidence interval CI, 85.6–86.2 cm) for men and 80.7 cm (95% CI, 80.4–80.9 cm) for women. Based on the WHO recommendations, the age-adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity was 44.0% (95% CI, 43.1%–44.8%) overall, 35.3% (95% CI, 34.1%–36.6%) in men, and 51.7% (95% CI, 50.5%–52.9%) in women. Moreover, the age-adjusted prevalence was 44.0% (95% CI, 42.7%–45.2%) in rural populations, 42.5% (95% CI, 40.7%–44.2%) in urban populations, and 45.2% (95% CI, 43.5%–46.9%) in megacity populations. The prevalence in China (35.3% for men and 51.7% for women) was lower than in Japan (50.8% for men) and the United States (43.5% for men and 64.7% for women). Similar results were observed when applying the criteria suggested by the Working Group on Obesity in China.
In 2011, the age-adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity in China was 35.3% in men and 51.7% in women.
•In 2011, the mean waist circumference in China was 85.9 cm (men) and 80.7 cm (women).•In 2011, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 35.3% in men and 51.7% in women.•The prevalence in China was lower than in Japan and the United States.
Polymer solubility in ionic liquids (ILs) cannot be predicted by the solubility parameter approach based on the "like dissolves like" principle. According to the Kamlet-Abraham-Taft (KAT) ...multi-parameter polarity scale, ILs can be categorized on the basis of hydrogen-bond acidity or basicity ones. The experimental observations, that acidic ILs easily dissolve basic polymers and basic ILs dissolve acidic polymers, reflect the complementary nature of hydrogen-bonding interactions. A quantitative hydrogen-bonding analysis is proposed for predicting the solubility by taking the product of Δ
α
Δ
β
as an indicator of the competition between cross-association and self-association hydrogen bonding (H-bonding), where Δ
α
is the difference of acidity parameters between the polymer and IL, and Δ
β
is the difference of basicity. This solubility criterion has been validated by the solubility data of 19 polymers (11 acidic and 8 basic) in 11 ILs (7 acidic and 4 basic). These principles based on KAT parameters can be applied to other systems dominated by hydrogen bonding.
The product of H-bond acidity (
α
) and basicity parameter (
β
) reflects the complementary nature of the H-bonding interactions. Strong cross-association and weak self-association favor the solubility of polymer in ILs, therefore the product of Δ
α
Δ
β
< 0.
The surgical management of Mayo III/IV tumor thrombi is difficult and risky, and robotic surgery is even more difficult. The purpose of this study was to introduce the step-by-step and orderly ...lowering of the height of inferior vena cava tumor thrombus, which was the core technique of robot operation for Mayo III/IV tumor thrombus.
A total of 18 patients were included in this study. The average tumor thrombus height was 2.4 cm above the level of the second porta hepatis (SPH), and 9 patients were prepared for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) before surgery. During the operation, the height of the tumor thrombus was lowered orderly for 2-3 times, and the blood flow blocking method was changed sequentially. The CPB was required when tumor thrombus in the atrium; After the height of the thrombus was lowered to the atrium entrance, CPB was stopped and the blood flow was blocked in the upper- and retro-hepatic inferior vena cava (IVC); After the tumor thrombus continued to descend to the lower part of the SPH, liver blood flow could be restored, and then, the blood flow was simply blocked in the retro-hepatic IVC to complete the removal of the thrombus and the repair or resection of the IVC. Finally, the diseased kidney and renal vein were removed.
All operations were successfully completed, and 2 cases were transferred to laparotomy. Seven cases received CPB, while the other 11 did not. 15 patients underwent two times of the lowering of the tumor thrombus, 2 patients underwent one time and 1 patient underwent three times. The mean liver/IVC dissociation and vascular suspension time was 22.0 min. All patients had less than Clavien-Dindo grade III complications, no serious complications occurred during operation, and no patient died within 90 days.
The step-by-step and orderly decline of tumor thrombus height is the key to the success of robot Mayo III / IV tumor thrombus surgery. This method can shorten FPH and CPB time and improve the success rate of surgery.
Sugarcane, a cash crop, is easily affected by low temperature, which results in a decrease in yield and sugar production. Breeding a new variety with cold tolerance is an essential strategy to reduce ...loss from cold stress. The identification of germplasms and genes/proteins with cold tolerance is a vital step in breeding sugarcane varieties with cold tolerance via a conventional program and molecular technology. In this study, the physiological and biochemical indices of 22 genotypes of
were measured, and the membership function analysis method was used to comprehensively evaluate the cold tolerance ability of these genotypes. The physiological and biochemical indices of these
genotypes showed a sophisticated response to low temperature. On the basis of the physiological and chemical indices, the genotypes were classified into different cold tolerance groups. Then, the high-tolerance genotype 1027 and the low-tolerance genotype 3217 were selected for DIA-based proteomic analysis by subjecting them to low temperature. From the four comparison groups, 1123, 1341, 751, and 1693 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified, respectively. The DAPs based on genotypes or treatments participated in distinct metabolic pathways. Through detailed analysis of the DAPs, some proteins related to protein homeostasis, carbohydrate and energy metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, signal transduction, and the cytoskeleton may be involved in sugarcane tolerance to cold stress. Furthermore, five important proteins related to cold tolerance were discovered for the first time in this study. This work not only provides the germplasms and candidate target proteins for breeding sugarcane varieties with cold tolerance via a conventional program and molecular breeding, but also helps to accelerate the determination of the molecular mechanism underlying cold tolerance in sugarcane.
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