This study aimed to assess the accuracy of cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screws placement guided by a spinous process clamp (SPC) guide. A total of 32 patients who received single-level midline ...lumbar fusion (MIDLF) surgery between June 2019 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into free-hand (FH) and SPC-guided groups according to the surgical approach. In the FH group, CBT screws was implanted with the assistance of fluoroscopy, while in the SPC group, CBT screws was implanted using the SPC navigator hardwire. A total of 128 screws were assessed in this study, with higher rates of clinically acceptable screw placement (grades A and B) and grade A screws in the SPC group than in the FH guide group (92.2% vs. 79.7%, P = 0.042 and 54.7% vs. 35.9%, P = 0.033, respectively). Misplacement screws (grades C, D, and E) occurred more often in the FH group than in the SPC guide group (20.3% vs. 7.8%, P = 0.042). The incidence of proximal facet joint violation (FJV) was higher in the FH group than in the SPC group (15.6% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.030). The radiation dose and time in the SPC guide group were comparable to those in the FH group (P = 0.063 and P = 0.078). The average operative time was significantly longer in the SPC guide group than in the FH group (267.8 ± 45.5 min vs. 210.9 ± 44.5 min, P = 0.001). Other clinical parameters, such as the average bone mineral density (BMD), intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay, were not significantly different. Oswestry disability index (ODI) and back pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were significantly improved in both groups compared with preoperatively. SPC guided screw placement was more accurate than the fluoroscopy-assisted FH technique for single-level MIDLF at L4/5. Patients undergoing SPC-guided screw placement can achieve similar clinical outcomes as the fluoroscopy-assisted FH technique.
Background: The prevalence of overweight is increasing dramatically worldwide. The aim of our study was to investigate the association of plain water intake (PWI) with the risk of new-onset ...overweight risk among Chinese adults. Methods: A total of 3,200 adults aged 18–65 who were free of overweight at baseline were enrolled from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study in 2006–2011. The risk of new-onset overweight with different amounts of PWI per day was analyzed in this 5-year cohort. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the association of PWI and the risk of new-onset overweight and adjust for potential confounders. Moreover, dose-response models were developed to estimate the linear relationship. Results: During 5 years of follow-up, 1,018 incident cases were identified. Our analysis indicated an inverse association of more than 4 cups of PWI per day and the risk of new-onset overweight among normal weight individuals. Compared with participants who drank 2 to 3 cups PWI, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) of overweight were 0.741 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.599–0.916) in participants who drank 4 to 5 cups PWI, and 0.547 (95% CI, 0.435–0.687) in participants who drank more than 6 cups PWI. The dose-response analysis showed that every cup of PWI was associated with a 6.5% and 8.4% decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among men and women, respectively. The interactions of PWI and covariates on the risk of overweight were not found. Conclusion: Drinking more than 4 cups (≈1 liter) per day of plain water is associated with decrease in the risk of new-onset overweight among normal-weight individuals.
The purpose of this study was to access the accuracy of cortical bone trajectory screw placement guided by spinous process clamp (SPC).
Eight formalin-treated cadaveric lumbar specimens with T12-S1 ...were used. A total of 96 screws were implanted in eight lumbar specimens.
In the freehand (FH) group, clinically acceptable placement (grade A and B) was 40 screws (83.3%), meanwhile 44 screws (91.7%) in the SPC guide group (p = 0.217). The grade A screws in the SPC guide group were much more than that in the FH group (n = 40 vs. n = 31, p = 0.036). The misplacement screws (grade C, D, and E) and proximal facet joint violation (FJV) in the SPC group was comparable to the FH group.
This cadaveric study demonstrate that implanting CBT screws guided by SPC guide was more accuracy and reduces severe deviations in important directions.
A new, facile, atom-economical and good regioselective method for the synthesis of benzoin bis-ethers has been developed via directly using readily available alkynes and alcohols as raw materials ...under visible light irradiation. The protocol utilizes commercial Mes-Acr + ClO 4 − as an organophotoredox catalyst and air (O 2 ) as a green sustainable reagent. A range of benzoin bis-ether derivatives were easily and efficiently obtained in a one-pot procedure at room temperature, and water is the by-product.
This study aimed to explore the clinical features of moyamoya disease (MMD) and the efficacy of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) in elderly patients with MMD and to identify the risk factors ...for long-term stroke events.
Clinical data were retrospectively collected on elderly patients with MMD (age ≥ 60 years) who had been treated at the authors' center from May 2007 to December 2017. Clinical features, angiographic findings, and long-term outcomes (> 5-year follow-up) were analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors for postoperative stroke events. Long-term stroke events were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves.
The mean age at symptom onset was 62.9 ± 3.0 years among 111 elderly patients with MMD. Vascular comorbidities were present in 80 (72.1%) patients. The ratio of female to male patients was 1:1.2. Familial MMD was found in 7 (6.3%) patients. Cerebral ischemia was the most common clinical manifestation observed in 82 (73.9%) patients. Most patients (59.5%) presented with Suzuki stages 5 and 6 MMD, and 29 (26.1%) patients presented with stenosis or occlusion of the posterior circulation. Unilateral MMD was present in 17 (15.3%) patients. Among the 58 (52.3%) patients who underwent EDAS, 28 (48.3%) and 30 (51.7%) underwent bilateral and unilateral surgeries, respectively. Overall, 53 (47.7%) patients were treated conservatively using internal medicine. After a median follow-up duration of 8.2 years, stroke incidence in the EDAS and conservative treatment groups was respectively 17.2% (7 and 3 cases of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, respectively) and 49.1% (22 and 4 cases of cerebral infarction and hemorrhage, respectively). The stroke incidence rate was higher in the conservative group than in the EDAS group, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) according to results of the Kaplan-Meier analysis. The identified predictor of postoperative stroke events was initial hemorrhage in the EDAS group and advanced age, aneurysm, and initial ischemia in the conservative treatment group.
The postoperative long-term stroke rate among elderly patients with MMD was lower in the EDAS group than in the conservative treatment group. Long-term stroke events were associated with advanced age, aneurysm, and initial ischemia after conservative treatment and only initial hemorrhage after EDAS.
Background: The diagnosis of hypertension should be based on the mean of two or more properly measured BP readings on each of two visits for clinical practice, but a one-visit strategy was applied in ...most epidemiological surveys. The impact of hypertension definition based on two visits on estimates of hypertension burden is unknown. This study aims to assess the impact of hypertension diagnosis based on a two-visit strategy for estimating hypertension burden in China. Methods: The one-visit and two-visit strategies were applied to investigate the incidence of hypertension in a cohort study based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) 1989–2011. Additionally the prevalence of hypertension was investigated in a cross-sectional study based on the CHNS 2006–2009/2011 and the hypertension burden in China was estimated with data from the 2012–2015 China hypertension survey. Results: Overall, the age-adjusted incidence of hypertension based on the two-visit strategy (1.82%; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.74–1.90%) was 62.1% lower than estimation based on the one-visit strategy (4.80%; 95% CI, 4.68–4.93%). Similar results were found in the prevalence of hypertension (one-visit: 18.13% 95% CI, 17.34–18.92%; two-visit: 9.47% 95% CI, 8.87–10.07%). When the two-visit strategy was applied to the 2012–2015 China hypertension survey, the hypertension burden was predicted to be overestimated by 25.5–47.8% (based on JNC 7) and 23.5–48.2% (based on the 2017 ACC/AHA). Conclusion: The hypertension burden would decrease from 244.5 million persons to 127.5–182.3 million persons in China if the two-visit strategy was applied.
Main conclusion
The sorghum soluble acid invertase gene
SbSAI-2
was cloned and the function verified in
Pichia pastoris
and rice, showing the
SbSAI-2
affects composition and content of sugar in stem ...juice.
Sugar metabolism is one of the most important metabolic processes in plants, in which soluble acid invertase plays a key role. However, the structure and function of the soluble acid transferase gene in sorghum are still fully unclear. In this study,
SbSAI-2
was cloned from the sorghum variety BTx623, and two transcripts were found through sequence analysis, with only one transcript translated into an active protein. There is 72% homology between
SbSAI-2
and
OsVIN2
. The construction of
Osvin2
mutant lines and
SbSAI-2–1
overexpression lines in
Oryza sativa
L. japonica. cv. Nipponbare were produced to clarify the invertase functionality. While the invertase activity in the stem of the
Osvin2
mutant line was reduced, with no significant difference (
P
> 0.05), and the contents of fructose and glucose in stem tissue did not change significantly (
P
> 0.05), and the content of sucrose increased by 38.89% (
P
< 0.01). In
SbSAI-2-1
overexpression lines, the invertase activity in stem was increased by more than 20 times (
P
< 0.01). The contents of glucose and fructose in stem tissues were increased by two and three times, respectively (
P
< 0.01), while the content of sucrose was significantly decreased, which was below the detection limit (
P
< 0.01). This study indicated that
SbSAI-2
is a key enzyme related to sucrose metabolism and affects the composition and content of sugar in stems. The result provided further the gene function verification and laid a foundation for the development of molecular markers.
Previous studies have revealed a diagnostic role of pathogen‐specific IgA in respiratory infections. However, co‐detection of serum specific IgA for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ...(SARS‐CoV‐2) and common respiratory pathogens remains largely unexplored. This study utilizes a protein microarray technology for simultaneous and quantitative measurements of specific IgAs for eight different respiratory pathogens including adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus type A, influenza virus type B, parainfluenza virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and SARS‐CoV‐2 in serum sample of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A total of 42 patients with COVID‐19 were included and categorized into severe cases (20 cases) and nonsevere cases (22 cases). The results showed that co‐detection rate of specific‐IgA for SARS‐CoV‐2 with at least one pathogen were significantly higher in severe cases than that of nonsevere cases (72.2% vs. 46.2%, p = .014). Our study indicates that co‐detection of IgA antibodies for respiratory pathogens might provide diagnostic value for the clinics and also be informative for risk stratification and disease management in patients with COVID‐19.
The first aerobic oxidative coupling of resveratrol and its analogues by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride as a bioinspired catalyst with visible light has been developed. With this method, ...δ‐viniferin and its analogues were synthesized in moderate to high yield. The metal‐free conditions, visible‐light irradiation, and the ideal oxidant, molecular oxygen, make this coupling reaction environmental friendly and practical.
Tame molecular oxygen! The first aerobic oxidative coupling of resveratrol and its analogues by mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) as a bioinspired catalyst under visible‐light irradiation has been developed (see scheme). With this method, δ‐viniferin and its analogues were synthesized in moderate to high yields.
The aerobic dehydrogenative cyclization of alkenes with easily accessible diselenides facilitated by visible light is reported. Notably, the features of this transition-metal-free protocol are ...pronounced efficiency and practicality, good functional group tolerance, atom economy, and high sustainability, since ambient air and visible light are adequate for the clean construction of five- and six membered heterocycles in yields of up to 98%.
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