This correspondence proposes an edge embedded marker-based watershed algorithm for high spatial resolution remote sensing image segmentation. Two improvement techniques are proposed for the two key ...steps of maker extraction and pixel labeling, respectively, to make it more effective and efficient for high spatial resolution image segmentation. Moreover, the edge information, detected by the edge detector embedded with confidence, is used to direct the two key steps for detecting objects with weak boundary and improving the positional accuracy of the objects boundary. Experiments on different images show that the proposed method has a good generality in producing good segmentation results. It performs well both in retaining the weak boundary and reducing the undesired over-segmentation.
•Amylase and glucoamylase can effectively remove starch in maca polysaccharides.•LMPs were mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose.•The contents of monosaccharide in LMP-60, ...LMP-70, LMP-80, and LMP-90 were different.•LMP-60 exhibited a good antioxidant activity in vitro.
Water-soluble polysaccharides were separated from maca (Lepidium meyenii) aqueous extract (MAE). The crude polysaccharides were deproteinized by Sevag method. During the preparation process of maca polysaccharides, amylase and glucoamylase effectively removed starch in maca polysaccharides. Four Lepidium meyenii polysaccharides (LMPs) were obtained by changing the concentration of ethanol in the process of polysaccharide precipitation. All of the LMPs were composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucose and galactose. Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LMP-60 showed good capability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and superoxide radical at 2.0mg/mL, the scavenging rate was 52.9% and 85.8%, respectively. Therefore, the results showed that maca polysaccharides had a high antioxidant activity and could be explored as the source of bioactive compounds.
Friction stir brazing (FSB) using a pinless tool together with a braze was developed to extend bond area over friction stir lap welding. When using a large pinless tool of Ø40 mm to clad 10 mm thick ...5083Al plate to 16Mn steel by FSB with Zn braze, the thermomechanical effect was sufficient to achieve wetting on Al side by dissolving Al into molten Zn, but joint could not be formed due to poor wettability on steel side. To enhance mechanical disruption of oxide film on the steel, multilayer FSB (ML-FSB) process was proposed by adding a thin (3 mm thickness) and soft aluminum sheet as interlayer. The first FSB pass created bonding between the thin interlayer and steel substrate with 4.7 μm thick FeAl3 without Zn residue, having 55 MPa shear strength. The second FSB pass created bonding between the thin interlayer and thick 5083Al clad with a diffusion zone with a little Zn, having 50 MPa shear strength. This work provided a new way to fabricate “thick clad” layered composite with “strong substrate”, and suggested that mechanical route for strong substrate and metallurgical route (eutectic reaction) for Al for removing oxide film should be preferential and available in FSB.
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•Wetting on thick 5083Al clad side can be achieved well by dissolution or eutectic reaction in friction stir brazing (FSB).•Wetting on steel substrate can be achieved only for thin Al interlayer top piece by mechanically disrupting oxide on steel.•Adding thin Al sheet interlayer and corresponding friction stir brazing pass increased joint shear strength from 0 to 50 MPa.•The thickness of top piece and strength of bottom piece are key factors affecting mechanical disruption of substrate oxide.
Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg made the ground-breaking observation that cancer cells, unlike normal cells, prefer a seemingly inefficient mechanism of glucose metabolism: aerobic glycolysis, a ...phenomenon now referred to as the Warburg effect. The finding that rapidly proliferating cancer cells favors incomplete metabolism of glucose, producing large amounts of lactate as opposed to synthesizing ATP to sustain cell growth, has confounded scientists for years. Further investigation into the metabolic phenotype of cancer has expanded our understanding of this puzzling conundrum, and has opened new avenues for the development of anti-cancer therapies. Enhanced glycolytic flux is now known to allow for increased synthesis of intermediates for sustaining anabolic pathways critical for cancer cell growth. Alongside the increase in glycolysis, cancer cells transform their mitochondria into synthesis machines supported by augmented glutaminolysis, supplying lipid production, amino acid synthesis, and the pentose phosphate pathways. Inhibition of several of the key enzymes involved in these pathways has been demonstrated to effectively obstruct cancer cell growth and multiplication, sensitizing them to apoptosis. The modulation of various regulatory proteins involved in metabolic processes is central to cancerous reprogramming of metabolism. The finding that members of one of the major protein families involved in cell death regulation also aberrantly regulated in cancers, the Bcl-2 family of proteins, are also critical mediators of metabolic pathways, provides strong evidence for the importance of the metabolic shift to cancer cell survival. Targeting the anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family of proteins is proving to be a successful way to selectively target cancer cells and induce apoptosis. Further understanding of how cancer cells modify metabolic regulation to increase channeling of substrates into biosynthesis will allow for the discovery of novel drug targets to treat cancer. In the present review, we focused on the recent developments in therapeutic targeting of different steps in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and on the metabolic regulatory role of Bcl-2 family proteins.
A water quality parameter retrieval scheme based on the UAV push-broom hyperspectral images was designed and validated for assessing the ecological health of Zhang Wei Xin River in Dezhou distinct, ...China. First, a UAV carrying a push-broom hyperspectral imager that is lightweight and has a small size was used to acquire high spatial and hyperspectral resolution images. Then, the mosaicked reflectance data of the whole river were produced by a seamless image mosaicking method with high geometrical accuracy and spectral fidelity. Next, the in-field measurements of different parameters and the corresponding spectral reflectance from the mosaicked images at the sampling points were used to build the water quality parameter retrieval models for total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll a (Chla), and total suspended solids (TSS). To validate the model, the retrieval results of the testing sampling points were compared with the measured parameters. The coefficients of determination R2 of TP, Chla, and TSS were 0.886, 0.918, and 0.968, respectively. The retrieved TP, Chla, and TSS maps showed that the water pollution of Zhang Wei Xin River is serious, the total phosphorus exceeds the standard, and the water body is in a state of eutrophication. The UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing technique provides a cost-effective method for inland water monitoring at a local scale with high accuracy.
Multiscale segmentation is always needed to extract semantic meaningful objects for object-based remote sensing image analysis. Choosing the appropriate segmentation scales for distinct ground ...objects and intelligently combining them together are two crucial issues to get the appropriate segmentation result for target applications. With respect to these two issues, this paper proposes a simple scale-synthesis method which is highly flexible to be adjusted to meet the segmentation requirements of varying image-analysis tasks. The main idea of this method is to first divide the whole image area into multiple regions; each region consisted of ground objects that have similar optimal segmentation scale. Then, synthesize the suboptimal segmentations of each region to get the final segmentation result. The result is the combination of suboptimal scales of objects and is therefore more coherent to ground objects. To validate this method, the land-cover-category map is used to guide the scale synthesis of multiscale image segmentations for the Quickbird-image land-use classification. First, the image is coarsely divided into multiple regions; each region belongs to a certain land-cover category. Then, multiscale-segmentation results are generated by the Mumford-Shah function based region-merging method. For each land-cover category, the optimal segmentation scale is selected by the supervised segmentation-accuracy-assessment method. Finally, the optimal scales of segmentation results are synthesized under the guide of land-cover category. It is proved that the proposed scale-synthesis method can generate a more accurate segmentation result that benefits the latter classification. The land-use-classification accuracy reaches to 77.8%.
Abstract The slow-developing neurological disorder Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has no recognized etiology. A bioinformatics investigation verified copper metabolism indicators for AD development. GEO ...contributed AD-related datasets GSE1297 and GSE5281. Differential expression analysis and WGCNA confirmed biomarker candidate genes. Each immune cell type in AD and control samples was scored using single sample gene set enrichment analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) grouping, and expression analysis between control and AD samples discovered copper metabolism indicators that impacted AD progression. We test clinical samples and cellular function to ensure study correctness. Biomarker-targeting miRNAs and lncRNAs were predicted by starBase. Trust website anticipated biomarker-targeting transcription factors. In the end, Cytoscape constructed the TF/miRNA-mRNA and lncRNA-miRNA networks. The DGIdb database predicted biomarker-targeted drugs. We identified 57 differentially expressed copper metabolism-related genes (DE-CMRGs). Next, fourteen copper metabolism indicators impacting AD progression were identified: CCK, ATP6V1E1, SYT1, LDHA, PAM, HPRT1, SCG5, ATP6V1D, GOT1, NFKBIA, SPHK1, MITF, BRCA1, and CD38. A TF/miRNA-mRNA regulation network was then established with two miRNAs (hsa-miR-34a-5p and 34c-5p), six TFs (NFKB1, RELA, MYC, HIF1A, JUN, and SP1), and four biomarkers. The DGIdb database contained 171 drugs targeting ten copper metabolism-relevant biomarkers (BRCA1, MITF, NFKBIA, CD38, CCK2, HPRT1, SPHK1, LDHA, SCG5, and SYT1). Copper metabolism biomarkers CCK, ATP6V1E1, SYT1, LDHA, PAM, HPRT1, SCG5, ATP6V1D, GOT1, NFKBIA, SPHK1, MITF, BRCA1, and CD38 alter AD progression, laying the groundwork for disease pathophysiology and novel AD diagnostic and treatment.
α-Enolase (ENO1) is a crucial molecular target for tumor therapy and has emerged as a research hotspot in recent decades. Here, we aimed to explore the role of ENO1 in bladder cancer (BLCA) and then ...construct a signature to predict the prognosis and treatment response of BLCA. Firstly, we found ENO1 was highly expressed in BLCA tissues, as verified by IHC, and was associated with poor prognosis. The analysis of the tumor immune microenvironment by bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq showed that ENO1 was associated with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion. Additionally, the results in vitro showed that ENO1 could promote the proliferation and invasion of BLCA cells. Then, the analysis of epithelial cells (ECs) revealed that ENO1 might promote BLCA progression by metabolism, the cell cycle and some carcinogenic pathways. A total of 249 hub genes were obtained from differentially expressed genes between ENO1-related ECs, and we used LASSO analysis to construct a novel signature that not only accurately predicted the prognosis of BLCA patients but also predicted the response to treatment for BLCA. Finally, we constructed a nomogram to better guide clinical application. In conclusion, through multi-omics analysis, we found that ENO1 was overexpressed in bladder cancer and associated with poor prognosis, CD8+ T-cell exhaustion and epithelial heterogeneity. Moreover, the prognosis and treatment of patients can be well predicted by constructing an epithelial-related prognostic signature.
In order to improve the efficiency of a central heating system’s control system, this paper puts forward the application scheme of a frequency converter in central heating electrical automation ...control. In the central heating electrical automation control system, the frequency converter plays an important role. It can regulate and control the relevant equipment, realize the electrical automation of the heating system under the action of the frequency converter AC motor, and effectively adjust the performance and speed, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving. The experimental results show that the temperature control strategy using a frequency converter automatic compensation method reduces the energy waste caused by manual regulation to a certain extent. When the speed of a water pump motor decreases to 4/5 of the original, the power consumption will decrease to about 52% of the original and save about 48% of the power; When the speed drops by 3/5, the power consumption is about 22% of the original, saving about 78% of the power. Conclusion. This technology can fully realize the demand of electrical automatic control of the heating system, greatly improve the stability and safety of the heating system, have good energy-saving effect, and greatly save energy consumption. The frequency converter has a remarkable effect in ensuring heating quality and improving heating efficiency in the heating industry.
A novel process of friction stir brazing (FSB) for fabricating Al/steel layered composite (by multipass) and for joining Al to steel (by single pass) was proposed to avoid the wear of pin by steel, ...in which a tool without pin was used. FSB of 1.8-mm-thick Al sheet to steel sheet was conducted using a cylindrical tool with 20-mm diameter but without pin and using 0.1-mm-thick zinc foil as filler metal. For the rotational speed of 1500 rpm, sound joints were reliably obtained at the medium range of traverse speed of 75 to 235 mm/min, which fractured within Al parent sheet during tensile shear test. Furthermore, for peel test on the sound joints, Al and steel parent sheets tended to crack and deform, respectively. Metallographic examination showed that most Zn was extruded and the resultant interfacial structure consisted of several Al-Fe intermetallic compounds (IMCs) with a little Zn, less than 3 at. pct. The thickness of IMCs can be controlled to be less than 10
μ
m by properly increasing traverse speed (
e.g.
, 150 mm/min). The metallurgical process of FSB was investigated by observing the microstructure of the longitudinal section of a friction stir brazed joint obtained by the suddenly stopping technique.
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