Diabetic coronary artery injury is closely associated with Ca2+ dysregulation, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the role and mechanism of Ca2+ handling in ...coronary artery dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats. Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats were used as the type 2 diabetes mellitus model. The contractility of coronary artery rings induced by KCl, CaCl2, 5‐HT and U46619 was significantly lower in ZDF rats than in Zucker lean rats. Vasoconstriction induced by 5‐HT and U46619 was greatly inhibited by nifedipine. However, in the presence of 1 μM nifedipine or in the Ca2+‐free KH solution containing 1 μM nifedipine, there was no difference in the vasoconstriction between Zucker lean and ZDF rats. Store‐operated calcium channels (SOCs) were not involved in coronary vasoconstriction. The downregulation of contractile proteins and the upregulation of synthesized proteins were in coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMCs) from ZDF rats. Metformin reversed the reduction of vasoconstriction in ZDF rats. Taken together, L‐type calcium channel is important for regulating the excitation–contraction coupling of VSMCs in coronary arteries, and dysregulation of this channel contributes to the decreased contractility of coronary arteries in T2DM.
NAFLD is tightly associated with various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer. Previous studies had investigated the association between NAFLD and various ...extrahepatic cancers, but the available data to date is not conclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers comprehensively.
Searches were conducted of various electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, and the Cochrane Library) to identify observational studies published between 1996 and January 2020 which investigated the association between NAFLD and extrahepatic cancers. The pooled OR/HR/IRR of the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers were analyzed.
A total of 26 studies were included to investigate the association between NAFLD and various extrahepatic cancers. As the results shown, the pooled OR values of the risk of colorectal cancer and adenomas in patients with NAFLD were 1.72 (95%CI: 1.40-2.11) and 1.37 (95%CI: 1.29-1.46), respectively. The pooled OR values of the risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in patients with NAFLD were 2.46 (95%CI: 1.77-3.44) and 2.24 (95%CI: 1.58-3.17), respectively. The pooled OR value of the risk of breast cancer in patients with NAFLD was 1.69 (95%CI: 1.44-1.99). In addition, NAFLD was also tightly associatied with the risk of gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and esophageal cancer.
NAFLD could significantly increase the development risk of colorectal adenomas and cancer, intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, breast, gastric, pancreatic, prostate, and esophageal cancer. NAFLD could be considered as one of the influencing factors during the clinical diagnosis and treatment for the extrahepatic cancers.
In this work, a kinetics‐integrated CFD model based on coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and biokinetic was developed to guide the industrial scale‐up for fermentation of docosahexaenoic ...acid (DHA). Two‐substrate biokinetic equations for a 5 L bioreactor with oxygen and nitrogen source as limiting substrates were established, which were further coupled with CFD to simulate the biomass growth and lipid accumulation as well as flow field environment in the fermentation process. The coupled CFD‐biokinetic model can accurately reflect the changes of each relevant variable in the 50 L bioreactor under different operating conditions. The optimal working conditions of a 35 m3 bioreactor were predicted by this model and have secured the one‐step scale‐up of DHA fermentation, resulting in a biomass, lipid concentration, and DHA content in lipids of 99.2 g/L, 55.7 g/L, and 52.5%, respectively. This study thus provides an effective strategy for rapid industrial scale‐up of DHA production.
Micro-electro-mechanical system inertial measurement unit (MEMS-IMU), a core component in many navigation systems, directly determines the accuracy of inertial navigation system; however, MEMS-IMU ...system is often affected by various factors such as environmental noise, electronic noise, mechanical noise and manufacturing error. These can seriously affect the application of MEMS-IMU used in different fields. Focus has been on MEMS gyro since it is an essential and, yet, complex sensor in MEMS-IMU which is very sensitive to noises and errors from the random sources. In this study, recurrent neural networks are hybridized in four different ways for noise reduction and accuracy improvement in MEMS gyro. These are two-layer homogenous recurrent networks built on long short term memory (LSTM-LSTM) and gated recurrent unit (GRU-GRU), respectively; and another two-layer but heterogeneous deep networks built on long short term memory-gated recurrent unit (LSTM-GRU) and a gated recurrent unit-long short term memory (GRU-LSTM). Practical implementation with static and dynamic experiments was carried out for a custom MEMS-IMU to validate the proposed networks, and the results show that GRU-LSTM seems to be overfitting large amount data testing for three-dimensional axis gyro in the static test. However, for
-axis and
-axis gyro, LSTM-GRU had the best noise reduction effect with over 90% improvement in the three axes. For
-axis gyroscope, LSTM-GRU performed better than LSTM-LSTM and GRU-GRU in quantization noise and angular random walk, while LSTM-LSTM shows better improvement than both GRU-GRU and LSTM-GRU networks in terms of zero bias stability. In the dynamic experiments, the Hilbert spectrum carried out revealed that time-frequency energy of the LSTM-LSTM, GRU-GRU, and GRU-LSTM denoising are higher compared to LSTM-GRU in terms of the whole frequency domain. Similarly, Allan variance analysis also shows that LSTM-GRU has a better denoising effect than the other networks in the dynamic experiments. Overall, the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in MEMS gyro noise reduction, among which LSTM-GRU network shows the best noise reduction effect and great potential for application in the MEMS gyroscope area.
In this paper, we reported for the first time that Au(III) decorated carbon dot cluster (Au(III)/CDC) was synthesized to detect glutathione through fluorescence "off-on" approach. The "off" process ...was realized by the introduction of Au(III) on luminescent carbon dots (CDs), which formed the complex of Au(III)/CDC and quenched the fluorescence of CDs efficiently. This "off" process was used to detect Au(III) with the selectivity among 21 metal ions and the limitation was 0.48 μM (S/N=3). Au(III) could be removed from the complex by biothiol in the solution, which restored the fluorescence of CDC to achieve the "on" process. This process was selective for biothiols (especially for glutathione) among saccharides, dopamine and amino acids and the limit of detection was 2.02 μM (S/N=3). Due to the dependence of the fluorescence restoration on the concentration of glutathione, Au(III)/CDC was applied as the fluorescence sensor for detection of glutathione in the solution and cellular cytosol. By referring to the fluorescence change in the solution, the intracellular glutathione with/without oxygen stress was evaluated. As compared with the commercial assay, our Au(III)/CDC based assay was simple, facile and low cost, which would be useful to measure intracellular glutathione at different cellular states.
A comprehensive RFD-FTC-DCA system is proposed for the hypersonic vehicle with saturation constraints to resist the control surface damage, actuator faults, disturbances and parameter perturbation. ...Firstly, the hypersonic vehicle fault model is established. Secondly, the robust fault detection (RFD) observer is designed to detect the control surface damage and actuator faults accurately under the influences of disturbances and parameter perturbation. Thirdly, the fault-tolerant control (FTC) law is designed to resist the control surface damage, actuator faults, disturbances and parameter perturbation simultaneously. Finally, a dynamic control allocation (DCA) algorithm is designed to reallocate the FTC law and limit the deflection angle and velocity within saturation constraint. The comparison simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the RFD observer can detect the faults accurately and reduce false alarm rates effectively, the FTC law can resist the control surface damage, actuator faults, disturbances and parameter perturbation simultaneously, and the tracing errors of attack angle, side-slip angle and roll angle are only
$ \pm 0.7^\circ $
±
0.7
∘
,
$ \pm 0.2^\circ $
±
0.2
∘
and
$ \pm 1.5^\circ $
±
1.5
∘
, respectively, and the DCA algorithm can reallocate the FTC law and limit the deflection angle and velocity within saturation values.
Phoxonic crystal is a kind of artificial periodic structure which can manipulate light and sound in the same time and space domain. It has good application prospect in optical communication system ...and opto-mechnical sensor. In this paper, a two-dimensional silicon phoxonic crystal slab structure is proposed, which can exhibit large phononic and photonic bandgaps simultaneously. Then a periodic cylindrical structure is introduced on the side surface of the slab. The effects of the height and radius of the cylinder on the side surface wave modes are analyzed. On this basis, a phoxonic crystal hetero-structure cavity composed of cylinders with different radii and heights is constructed, which can simultaneously confine the acoustic and optical modes because of mode gap effect. Seven phononic cavity modes and two photonic cavity modes are obtained. The two photonic cavity modes are called dielectric mode and air mode respectively. Further, the acousto-optical coupling rates between the seven phononic cavity modes and dielectric mode are calculated. Finally, a gap is etched on each cylinder in hetero-structure cavity, which can increase the surface area of the cavity by 23%. Then two phononic cavity modes and photonic dielectric mode with higher coupling rates are considered. The results show that etching the z-direction gap in the center of the cylinder can effectively increase the acousto-optical coupling rates.
Using in situ formed metal complexes of Fe(bipy)32+ or Ni(bipy)32+ (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) as templates, four new Ag–Bi–X (X = I and Br) compounds are first isolated in the metal-complex-decorated ...heterometallic halobismuthate family, namely M(bipy)3AgBiI6 (M = Fe (1), Ni (2)), Fe(bipy)3AgBiBr6 (3), and Ni(bipy)3AgBiBr6 (4). Compounds 1–4 feature discrete AgBiX6 n 2n– anions, exhibiting three polymorphisms that may be ascribed to the different stackings and the flexible condensations of BiX6 octahedrons and AgX4 tetrahedra/AgX3 triangles. UV–vis diffuse reflectance analyses reveal that they are narrow band gap semiconductor materials (ca. 1.82–2.13 eV). Intriguingly, the title compounds display excellent photoelectrical switching properties, with photocurrent density following the order 3 > 4 > 2 > 1. In addition, the comparative studies of intermolecular interactions, theoretical band structures, density of states, and effective masses of three polymorphisms have also been investigated.
MiRNAs are a group of multifunctional non-coding RNAs which play an important role in the various physiological processes including the development of NAFLD. Recent studies have shown that miR-30b-5p ...tightly associated with the abnormal lipid metabolism in patients with NAFLD, but the detailed mechanism of miR-30b-5p in the lipid metabolism was remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-30b-5p on the lipid metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma Huh-7 cells.
The correlation of intracellular fat content with the expression of miR-30b-5p in Huh-7 cells and HepG2 cells was investigated by treated cells with different concentrations of FFAs. The effect of miR-30b-5p on the lipid deposition in Huh-7 cells was tested by oil red O staining and TG concentrations measurement. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to investigate the lipid metabolism-related genes PPAR-α, SREBP-1, and GULT1 in miR-30b-5p overexpressed or inhibited Huh-7 cells. Target genes of miR-30b-5p were predicted using starBase, miRDB, and TargetScan databases and verified by qRT-PCR and western blot.
The expression of miR-30b-5p was significant decreased in the FFAs treated Huh-7 cells and HepG2 cells. Overexpressing miR-30b-5p in Huh-7 cells decreased the number and size of lipid droplets and intracellular TG concentrations in Huh-7 cells. Expression of fatty acid oxidation related gene PPAR-α was increased and expression of lipid synthesis related gene SREBP-1 was decreased in the miR-30b-5p overexpressed Huh-7 cells. In addition, miR-30b-5p regulates the intracellular lipid metabolism by targeting PPARGC1A.
Overexpression of miR-30b-5p could reduce the intracellular fat deposition in Huh-7 cells, and miR-30b-5p might regulate the intracellular lipid metabolism by targeting the PPARGC1A in Huh-7 cells.
Pursuits of new types of Pb-free heterometallic halides adequate for photovoltaic applications are still urgent but challenging. In this study, by using
in situ
-produced (Me)
2
-(DABCO)
2+
(DABCO = ...1,4-diazabicyclo2.2.2octane; Me = methyl) cations as structure-directing agents, we successfully constructed a non-perovskite copper iodobismuthate hybrid, namely (Me)
2
-(DABCO)
2
Cu
2
Bi
2
I
12
(
1
), which features discrete Cu
2
Bi
2
I
12
4−
anionic moieties formed by the building units of CuI
4
tetrahedra and BiI
6
octahedra. UV-Vis diffuse reflectance analyses showed that compound
1
possesses semiconductive behaviors with a narrow optical bandgap of 1.80 eV. More importantly, it exhibits excellent photoelectric switching abilities, and its photocurrent density (2.30 μA cm
−2
) far exceeds those of some high-performance halide-based counterparts. Different from many heterometallic analogues, noteworthily, it also has dispersive band structure and strong electronic coupling near the Fermi level, resulting in a material with small effective masses that may be responsible for the good photoelectricity. This study may offer new guidance for the design and synthesis of eco-friendly heterometallic halides with unique structures and desirable properties.
Presented here are the structure, optical properties, photocurrent response and theoretical study of a non-perovskite copper iodobismuthate hybrid, namely, (Me)
2
-(DABCO)
2
Cu
2
Bi
2
I
12
(
1
).
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