•FeCoNiCuZn single-phase high-entropy alloy powders were directly obtained by HEABM.•The saturation magnetisation get 65.92 emu/g.•The effective bandwidth of RL values below 10 dB get 2.5 GHz.•A type ...of non-thermal effect have been experimentally confirmed to exist in the processing.
In this study, FeCoNiCuZn single-phase high-entropy alloy powders were synthesized at room temperature for the first time using high-frequency electromagnetic-field assisted ball milling. FeCoNiCuZn was found to be a type of soft magnetic material exhibiting saturation magnetization as high as 65.92 emu/g. Its microwave-absorbing properties were investigated in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. Its minimum reflection loss reached 14.69 dB at 10.96 GHz, corresponding to a thickness of 1.5 mm and effective bandwidth of reflection loss values below 10 dB (90% of microwave absorption) of 2.5 GHz (9.9–12.4 GHz). In order to understand the mechanism involved, a comparative experiment with the same experimental conditions but without the high-frequency electromagnetic field was performed. The results show that a type of non-thermal effect that changes the diffusion ability and solid solution effect of metal atoms exists in the high-frequency electromagnetic-field-assisted ball milling processing.
In this study, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods were used to study the structure, the thermal degradation kinetics, and ...the thermogram of sweet potato starch, respectively. The thermal decomposition kinetics of sweet potato starch was examined within different heating rates in a nitrogen atmosphere. Different models of kinetic analysis were used to calculate the activation energies using the thermogravimetric data of the thermal degradation process. The activation energies got from Kissinger, Flynn⁻Wall⁻Ozawa, and Šatava⁻Šesták models were 173.85, 174.87, and 174.34 kJ·mol
, respectively. Thermogravimetry⁻Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) analysis showed that the main pyrolysis products included water, carbon dioxide, and methane.
We have previously reported wearable loop sensors that can accurately monitor knee flexion with unique merits over the state of the art. However, validation to date has been limited to single-leg ...configurations, discrete flexion angles, and in vitro (phantom-based) experiments. In this work, we take a major step forward to explore the bilateral monitoring of knee flexion angles, in a continuous manner, in vivo. The manuscript provides the theoretical framework of bilateral sensor operation and reports a detailed error analysis that has not been previously reported for wearable loop sensors. This includes the flatness of calibration curves that limits resolution at small angles (such as during walking) as well as the presence of motional electromotive force (EMF) noise at high angular velocities (such as during running). A novel fabrication method for flexible and mechanically robust loops is also introduced. Electromagnetic simulations and phantom-based experimental studies optimize the setup and evaluate feasibility. Proof-of-concept in vivo validation is then conducted for a human subject performing three activities (walking, brisk walking, and running), each lasting 30 s and repeated three times. The results demonstrate a promising root mean square error (RMSE) of less than 3° in most cases.
Purpose
Knife carrying has caused considerable public concern in the UK. But little is known of the epidemiology and characteristics of men who carry knives. We investigated associations with ...socioeconomic deprivation, area-level factors, and psychiatric morbidity.
Methods
Cross-sectional surveys of 5005 British men, 18–34 years, oversampling Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) men, lower social grades, and in London Borough of Hackney and Glasgow East. Participants completed questionnaires covering violent behaviour and psychiatric morbidity using standardised self-report instruments. Socioeconomic deprivation measured at small area level.
Results
Prevalence of knife carrying was 5.5% (4.8–6.9) and similar among white and BME subgroups. However, prevalence was twice the national rate in Glasgow East, and four times higher among Black men in Hackney, both areas with high levels of background violence and gang activity. Knife carrying was associated with multiple social problems, attitudes encouraging violence, and psychiatric morbidity, including antisocial personality disorder (AOR 9.94 95% CI 7.28–13.56), drug dependence (AOR 2.96 95% CI 1.90–4.66), and paranoid ideation (AOR 6.05 95% CI 4.47–8.19). There was no evidence of a linear relationship with socioeconomic deprivation.
Conclusion
Men who carry knives represent an important public health problem with high levels of health service use. It is not solely a criminal justice issue. Rates are increased in areas where street gangs are active. Contact with the criminal justice system provides opportunity for targeted violence prevention interventions involving engagement with integrated psychiatric, substance misuse, and criminal justice agencies.
Although empirical evidence has confirmed the causal relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression, findings are inconsistent on the magnitude of the effect of age of exposure to ...childhood maltreatment on psychological development. This systematic review with meta-analysis aims to comprehensively synthesize the literature on the relationship between exposure age of maltreatment and depression and to quantitatively compare the magnitude of effect sizes across exposure age groups. Electronic databases and grey literature up to April 6th, 2022, were searched for English-language studies. Studies were included if they: 1) provided the information on exposure age; and 2) provided statistical indicators to examine the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. Fifty-eight articles met eligibility criteria and were included in meta-analyses. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on subtypes of maltreatment and measurements of depression. Any kind of maltreatment (correlation coefficient r = 0.17, 95% CI = 0.15–0.18), physical abuse (r =0.13, 95% CI = 0.10–0.15), sexual abuse (r = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.15–0.21), emotional abuse (r = 0.17, 95% CI=0.11–0.23), and neglect (r = 0.08, 95% CI=0.06–0.11) were associated with an increased risk of depression. Significant differential effects of maltreatment in depression were found across age groups of exposure to maltreatment (Q = 34.81, p < 0.001). Age of exposure in middle childhood (6–13 years) had the highest risk of depression, followed by late childhood (12–19 years) and early childhood (0–6 years). Implications of the findings provide robust evidence to support targeting victimized children of all ages and paying closer attention to those in middle childhood to effectively reduce the risk of depression.
In this paper, well dispersed ZnFe2O4 nano-particles with high magnetization saturation of 82.23emu/g were first synthesized by microwave assisted ball milling and then the influences of ...pre-treatments and microwave powers to the progress were studied. It was found that under the both function of crack effect induced by ball milling and rotary motion induced by microwave the synthesized ferrtie nano-particles were well dispersed that is much different from the powders synthesized by normal high energy ball milling. The pre-treatment of ball milling can only enhance the reaction rate in the first several hours but the pre-irradiation of microwave can enhance the hole reaction rate. Further more, it was also been found that with increasing the microwave power, the more raw materials will converted into zinc ferrite in the first 5h. 5h latter the microwave power of 720W is high enough for the coupling effect of microwave and ball milling with stirrer rotation speed of 256rpm.
•ZnFe2O4 with 82.23emu/g were synthesized without heat treatment.•The produced powder dispersed very well without any dispersant.•The pre-treatment of microwave enhanced the reaction rate much.•The pre-treatment of ball milling enhance chemical rate at beginning.
Novel DOPO/silicon/CNT nanohybrid flame retardants (FR-CNTs) were synthesized and FR-CNTs were introduced into epoxy resins through thermal curing process. The SEM and TEM results indicate that CNTs ...distribute uniformly in epoxy resins due to the good dispersion of CNTs in DOPO/silicon/CNT nanohybrid flame retardants. The thermal stability and flame-retardant properties of EP/FR-CNTs composites are improved, which is attributed to the good dispersion of DOPO/silicon/CNT nanohybrid. The cone calorimeter results demonstrate that FR-CNTs can reduce peak heat release and the release of toxic gas effectively compared with EP/CNTs and EP/CNT/FR composites. The char-residue analysis indicates that the improved flame-retardant properties are due to the char-reinforcing effects and the catalyzing charring effect of FR-CNTs, which provides enough time for flame retardants to trap radicals. Generally, the char layers, which act as insulating barrier, can reduce the releasing of flammable gases and protect the underlying epoxy resins from the heat source.
Abstract
Background
Glasgow, Scotland, has previously shown exceptional levels of violence among young men, shows aggregations of health conditions, with shortened life expectancy. Health conditions ...can be both causes and consequences of violence, of shared community-level socio-economic risk factors, and can result from large-scale social forces beyond the control of populations with high levels of violence. The aim of the study was to provide an in depth understanding of the Public Health problem of violence among young adult men in Glasgow East.
Method
Ecological investigation of violence and its associations with health conditions in areas of contrasting socioeconomic deprivation. National survey of 1916 British men aged 18–34 years, augmented by a sub-sample of 765 men in Glasgow East (GE). Participants completed questionnaires covering current physical and sexual health, psychiatric symptoms, substance misuse, lifestyle, and crime and violence.
Results
The 5-year prevalence of violence was similar in both surveys but fights involving weapons (AOR 3.32, 95% CI 2.29–4.79), gang fights (AOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.77–2.98), and instrumental violence supporting criminal lifestyles were more common in GE, where 1 in 9 men had been in prison. Violent men in both samples reported poorer physical and sexual health and all types of psychiatric morbidity except depression, with multiple high-risk behaviours for both future poor health and violence. Associations between drug and alcohol dependence and violence in GE could not be entirely explained by deprivation.
Conclusion
Violence in deprived urban areas is one among many high-risk behaviours and lifestyle factors leading to, as well as resulting from, aggregations of both psychiatric and physical health conditions. Poverty partly explained raised levels of violence in GE. Other factors such as drug and alcohol misuse and macho attitudes to violence, highly prevalent among men in this socially excluded community, also contributed. Multi-component preventive interventions may be needed in deprived areas and require future investigations into how multiple co-existing risk factors produce multimorbidity, including psychiatric disorders, substance misuse, poor physical health and violence.
Ongoing symptoms or the development of new symptoms following a SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis has caused a complex clinical problem known as "long COVID" (LC). This has introduced further pressure on global ...healthcare systems as there appears to be a need for ongoing clinical management of these patients. LC personifies heterogeneous symptoms at varying frequencies. The most complex symptoms appear to be driven by the neurology and neuropsychiatry spheres.
A systematic protocol was developed, peer reviewed, and published in PROSPERO. The systematic review included publications from the 1st of December 2019-30th June 2021 published in English. Multiple electronic databases were used. The dataset has been analyzed using a random-effects model and a subgroup analysis based on geographical location. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were established based on the data identified.
Of the 302 studies, 49 met the inclusion criteria, although 36 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The 36 studies had a collective sample size of 11,598 LC patients. 18 of the 36 studies were designed as cohorts and the remainder were cross-sectional. Symptoms of mental health, gastrointestinal, cardiopulmonary, neurological, and pain were reported.
The quality that differentiates this meta-analysis is that they are cohort and cross-sectional studies with follow-up. It is evident that there is limited knowledge available of LC and current clinical management strategies may be suboptimal as a result. Clinical practice improvements will require more comprehensive clinical research, enabling effective evidence-based approaches to better support patients.
Plant fatty acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterases terminate the process of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids by hydrolyzing the acyl-ACP intermediates, and determine the chain ...length and levels of free fatty acids. They are of interest due to their roles in fatty acid synthesis and their potential to modify plant seed oils through biotechnology. Fatty acyl-ACP thioesterases (FAT) are divided into two families, i.e., FATA and FATB, according to their amino acid sequence and substrate specificity. The high oil content in
L. seed has attracted global attention due to its potential for the production of biodiesel. However, the detailed effects of
and
on fatty acid biosynthesis and plant growth and development are still unclear. In this study, we found that
transcripts were detected in all tissues and organs examined, with especially high accumulation in the roots, leaves, flowers, and some stages of developing seeds, and
showed a very similar expression pattern. Subcellular localization of the JcFATA-GFP and JcFATB-GFP fusion protein in
leaf protoplasts showed that both JcFATA and JcFATB localized in chloroplasts. Heterologous expression of
and
in
individually generated transgenic plants with longer roots, stems and siliques, larger rosette leaves, and bigger seeds compared with those of the wild type, indicating the overall promotion effects of
and
on plant growth and development while
had a larger impact. Compositional analysis of seed oil revealed that all fatty acids except 22:0 were significantly increased in the mature seeds of
-transgenic
lines, especially unsaturated fatty acids, such as the predominant fatty acids of seed oil, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3. In the mature seeds of the
-transgenic
lines, most fatty acids were increased compared with those in wild type too, especially saturated fatty acids, such as 16:0, 18:0, 20:0, and 22:0. Our results demonstrated the promotion effect of
and
on plant growth and development, and their possible utilization to modify the seed oil composition and content in higher plants.
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