Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have undoubtedly emerged as the most indispensable tool for organic chemists worldwide, finding extensive utility in the synthesis of intricate natural products, ...heterocyclic molecules with significant bioactivity, and pharmaceutical agents. The multicomponent one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions, which were initially conceptualized by Rolf Huisgen in 1960, find extensive application in contemporary heterocyclic chemistry. In terms of green synthesis, the multicomponent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is highly favored owing to its numerous advantages, including high step- and atom-economies, remarkable product diversity, as well as excellent efficiency and diastereoselectivity. Among the numerous pieces of research, the most fascinating reaction involves the utilization of azomethine ylides generated from isatins and amino acids that can be captured by various dipolarophiles. This approach offers a highly efficient and convenient method for constructing spiro-pyrrolidine oxindole scaffolds, which are crucial building blocks in biologically active molecules. Consequently, this review delves deeper into the dipolarophiles utilized in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of isatins and amino acids over the past six years.
A two-photon reversible fluorescent probe L1 was designed and synthesized. The fluorescence intensity of the probe solution was strong, while the fluorescence of the solution was obviously quenched ...and the color of the solution was changed after the addition of hypochlorous acid, indicating this is “naked-eye sensor” for the detection of HClO. The probe showed great selectivity for hypochlorous acid over other reactive oxygen species (ROS) and anions. Fluorescence titration experiments showed that the probe has a low detection limit of 0.674 μM. Because of a morpholine group introduced to the naphathalimide framework, probe L1 was successfully applied to detect intracellular HClO in lysosome.
Cop some rings: A simple and highly efficient copper‐catalyzed method for the synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives through the reaction of substituted 2‐halobenzoic acids with amidines or ...guanidines under mild conditions has been developed (see scheme). The method has economical and practical advantages.
A microwave-promoted multicomponent reaction of isatins, α-amino acids and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-epoxynaphthalene is achieved under environmentally friendly conditions, delivering oxygen-bridged ...spirooxindoles within 15 min in good to excellent yields. The attractive features of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition are the compatibility of various primary amino acids and the high efficiency of the short reaction time. Moreover, the scale-up reaction and synthetic transformations of spiropyrrolidine oxindole further demonstrate its synthetic utility. This work provides powerful means to expand the structural diversity of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery.
The versatile roles of D-amino acids (D-AAs) in foods, diseases, and organisms, etc., have been widely reported. They have been regarded, not only as biomarkers of diseases but also as regulators of ...the physiological function of organisms. Over the past few decades, increasing data has revealed that D-AAs have great potential in treating disease. D-AAs also showed overwhelming success in disengaging biofilm, which might provide promise to inhibit microbial infection. Moreover, it can effectively restrain the growth of cancer cells. Herein, we reviewed recent reports on the potential of D-AAs as therapeutic agents for treating neurological disease or tissue/organ injury, ameliorating reproduction function, preventing biofilm infection, and inhibiting cancer cell growth. Additionally, we also reviewed the potential application of D-AAs in drug modification, such as improving biostability and efficiency, which has a better effect on therapy or diagnosis.
Expect the upexpected: A transition‐metal‐free approach to access chromone derivatives has been developed. The intramolecular O‐arylation of substituted 1‐(2‐haloaryl)‐propane‐1,3‐diones in DMF in ...the presence of K2CO3 gave the corresponding target products in good to excellent yields (see scheme; DMF=N,N′‐dimethylformamide).
Organophosphorus compounds have all along attracted considerable attention as they have broad utilities such as reagents for chemical reactions, ligands for transition metal catalysts, flame ...retardants, biologically active molecules and building blocks in synthetic chemistry. Compared with metal-catalyzed coupling synthesis, transformations via P-center radicals processes are powerful methods for the synthesis of organophosphorus compounds, as they provide unique routes leading to target molecules in least and concise steps. Generally, homolytic cleavage of P-H bonds serves as a major approach for the generation of P-centered radicals. And the reaction varieties between P-centered radicals and unsaturated compounds including addition reactions, addition/dehydrogenation reactions and difunctionalizations.
This review will focus on the difunctionalization reactions between unsaturated compounds and P-centered radicals origin from P-H compounds published in the period from 2010 to October 2016, by highlighting the reactions' specificity and, where possible, the relevant mechanistic rationale.
3-Phosphinoylindole derivatives play important roles as pharmaceutical drugs and ligands. A new method for the synthesis of 3-phosphinoylindole derivatives has been achieved through silver-mediated ...cycloaddition between N-Ts-2-alkynylaniline derivatives and H-phosphine oxides. This transformation offers a straightforward route to the formation of the C–P bond, indole ring, and desulfonylation in one step.
Excessive accumulation of reducing agents in the ER leads to a constitutively high UPR. And the co-function of
GSH
,
Cys
and HOCl in biological processes is not well understood. To address this, a TP ...probe,
NPCC
, was developed for monitoring reductive stress in the ER. It can also distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.
A TP probe,
NPCC
, was developed for monitoring reductive stress in the ER. It can also distinguish cancer cells from normal cells.
The first multicomponent reaction (MCR) involving aryl boronic acids, elemental sulfur, and P(O)H compounds is presented. It proceeds with excellent yields and provides an attractive approach for ...the construction of valuable S-aryl phosphorothioates and S-aryl phosphorodithioates using a one-step strategy. Moreover, this method can be easily adapted to large-scale preparation.
