Lithospheric subduction prior to the assembly of the South China and North China blocks is traditionally considered to be directed northward. However, some critical geological and geochemical data ...cannot be reconciled with this northward subduction. This paper presents new lines of evidence against the traditional models and proposes a new and revolutionary tectonic model to explain the distribution and exhumation of high pressure (HP)-ultrahigh pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks of the Dabie-Sulu Belt. We emphasize the following: 1) The Triassic tectonic environment of the southern margin of the North China Block was passive, not active, based on the stratigraphy; 2) In the southern margin of the North China Block no arc magmatism was recorded. 3) Many Paleoproterozoic slices of Jiaobei affinity of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt in the North China Block were located in the Triassic Sulu Orogen. 4) Many 1.85Ga metamorphic zircons are preserved in the Dabie-Sulu high pressure-ultra-high pressure (HP-UHP) metamorphic rocks. 5) The geometric asymmetry of many structural patterns in the HP-UHP slices indicates top-to-the northwest thrusting during the exhumation of HP-UHP slices. 6) Blueschists occur in the south of the UHP eclogite slices. 7) In the eastern segment of the North Qinling Orogen, no components with an affinity of the South China Block have been found. Along the Shangdan Suture of the Qinling Orogen has been recorded an apparent northward subduction. We consider that the suture is just a lateral subduction zone rather than a major collisional zone. Along the Shangdan Suture, the rarity of I-type plutonism can be attributed to a transform-type continental margin. The Bureya-Jiamusi-Khanka Block has an affinity to the South China Block based on its similarity regarding the Paleozoic history of deformation and Triassic blueschist metamorphic facies metamorphism. The Bureya-Jiamusi-Khanka Block could be the northern extension of the Dabie-Sulu Belt, and this gigantic belt could be interpreted as an orocline related to the southeastward subduction of the North China Block beneath the Greater South China Block.
The northern South China Sea (NSCS) experienced continuous evolution from an active continental margin in the late Mesozoic to a stable passive continental margin in the Cenozoic. It is generally ...believed that the basins in the NSCS evolved as a result of Paleocene–Oligocene crustal extension and associated rifting processes. This type of sedimentary environment provides a highly favourable prerequisite for formation of large-scale oil- and gas–fields as well as gas hydrate accumulation. Based on numerous collected data, combined with the tectonic and sedimentary evolution, a preliminary summary is that primitive coal-derived gas and reworked deep gas provided an ample gas source for thermogenic gas hydrate, but the gas source in the superficial layers is derived from humic genesis. In recent years, the exploration and development of the NSCS oil, gas and gas hydrate region has provided a basis for further study. A number of 2D and 3D seismic profiles, the synthetic comparison among bottom simulating reflector (BSR) coverage characteristics, the oil-gas area, the gas maturity and the favourable hydrate-related active structural zones have provided opportunities to study more closely the accumulation and distribution of gas hydrate. The BSR has a high amplitude, with high amplitude reflections below it, which is associated with gas chimneys and pockmarks. The high amplitude reflections immediately beneath the BSR are interpreted to indicate the presence of free gas and gas hydrate. The geological and geochemical data reveal that the Cenozoic northern margin of the NSCS has developed coal-derived gas which forms an abundant supply of thermogenic gas hydrate. Deep-seated faults and active tectonic structures facilitate the gas migration and release. The thermogenic gas hydrate and biogenic gas are located at different depths, have a different gas source genesis and should be separately exploited. Based on the proven gas hydrate distribution zone, we have encircled and predicted the potential hydrate zones. Finally, we propose a simple model for the gas hydrate accumulation system in the NSCS Basin.
•Gas hydrate potential production may be more in the high heat flow value basins.•Active tectonics structures are quite indicative in Gas hydrate exploitation.•Gas source comes from the Tertiary thermogenic, biogenic gas as well as mantle CO2.•Deep-seated tectonics controlled the accumulation patterns and reservoir types.
In China, although improvements to the pesticide registration process have been made in la thirty years, no occupational exposure data are required to obtain a commercial license for pesticide ...product. Consequently, notably little research has been conducted to establish a exposure assessment procedure in China. The present study monitored the potential derm operator exposure from knapsack electric sprayer wheat field application of imidacloprid Liaocheng City, Shandong Province and in Xinxiang City, Henan Province, China, usin whole-body dosimetry. The potential inhalation exposure was determined using a person air pump and XAD-2 sample tubes. The analytical method was developed and validate including such performance parameters as limits of detection and quantification, linear rang recovery and precision. The total potential dermal and inhalation exposures were 14.20, 16.815.39 and 20.78 mL/hr, respectively, for the four operators in Liaocheng and Xinxian corresponding to 0.02% to 0.03% of the applied volume of spray solution. In all trials, the low part（thigh, lower leg） of the body was the most contaminated, accounting for approximate76% to 88% of the total exposure. The inhalation exposure was less than 1% of the tot exposure. Such factors as the application pattern, crop type, spray equipment, operat experience and climatic conditions have been used to explain the exposure distribution ov the different parts of the body. As indicated by the calculated Margin of Exposure, the typic wheat treatment scenarios when a backpack sprayer was used are considered to be safe terms of imidacloprid exposure.
Noise pervades networks and significantly influences synchronization. However, noise does not always hinder synchronization, it can actually facilitate it. This insight has led to the development of ...stochastic control. In this paper, an intermittent stochastic control tailored for complex networks with strongly connected topology and nonlinear dynamics is introduced, wherein noise intermittently influences the vertices. Under this control, the investigation into synchronization in complex networks is conducted. The analysis relies on algebraic graph theory and stability theory of stochastic differential equations to derive condition for network synchronization. Through rigorous derivations and simulations, it is concluded that the proposed intermittent stochastic control can achieve network synchronization, within noise playing a beneficial role. Furthermore, the study explores the impact of various features in intermittent stochastic control on synchronization, providing valuable insights for practical applications.
•An intermittent stochastic control tailored for directed networks is proposed.•Intermittent Lyapunov method and condition for synchronization are proposed.•A finding is revealed: intermittent noise can induce network synchronization.•A discussion on the impacts of various features by numerical simulation is conducted.
Alternatives to antibiotics for preventing diarrhea in early-weaned farm animals are sorely needed. CM piglets (a native Chinese breed) are more resistant to early-weaning stress-induced diarrhea ...than the commercial crossbred LY piglets. Transferring fecal microbiota, but not saline, from healthy CM into LY piglets by oral administration prior to early weaning conferred diarrhea resistance. By comparing the relative abundance of intestinal microbiota in saline and microbiota transferred LY piglets, we identified and validated Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and Lactobacillus frumenti as two bacterial species that mediate diarrhea resistance. Diarrhea resistance depended on the bacterial secretory circular peptide gassericin A, a bacteriocin. The binding of gassericin A to Keratin 19 (KRT19) on the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells was essential for enhancement of fluid absorption and decreased secretion. These findings suggest the use of L. gasseri LA39 and L. frumenti as antibiotic alternatives for preventing diarrhea in mammals.
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•FMT from resistant to susceptible piglets prevents early-weaning stress-induced diarrhea•Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and Lactobacillus frumenti confer diarrhea resistance•Diarrhea resistance is mediated by the bacterial secretory circular peptide gassericin A•Gassericin A binding to KRT19 on the membrane of intestinal epithelial cells is essential
Hu et al. demonstrate that gassericin A, a bacteriocin secreted by Lactobacillus gasseri LA39 and Lactobacillus frumenti, binds to the host's intestinal epithelial membrane to confer diarrhea resistance in early-weaned piglets. L. gasseri LA39 and L. frumenti may be promising antibiotic alternatives for preventing diarrhea in mammals.
Atherosclerosis can result in multiple cardiovascular diseases. Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) have been reported as significant non‐coding RNAs in atherosclerosis progression. Dysfunction of vascular ...smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is involved in atherosclerosis. However, up to now, the effect of circ_0002984 in atherosclerosis is still unknown. Currently, we aimed to investigate the function of circ_0002984 in VSMCs incubated by oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). Firstly, our findings indicated that the expression levels of circ_0002984 were significantly up‐regulated in the serum of atherosclerosis patients and ox‐LDL‐incubated VSMCs. Loss of circ_0002984 suppressed VSMC viability, cell cycle distribution and migration capacity. Then, we carried out ELISA assay to determine TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels. The data implied that lack of circ_0002984 obviously repressed ox‐LDL–stimulated VSMC inflammation. Meanwhile, miR‐326‐3p, which was predicted as a target of circ_0002984, was obviously down‐regulated in VSMCs treated by ox‐LDL. Additionally, after overexpression circ_0002984 in VSMCs, a decrease in miR‐326‐3p was observed. Subsequently, miR‐326‐3p was demonstrated to target vesicle‐associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3). Therefore, we hypothesized that circ_0002984 could modulate expression of VAMP3 through sponging miR‐326‐3p. Furthermore, we confirmed that up‐regulation of miR‐326‐3p rescued the circ_0002984 overexpressing‐mediated effects on VMSC viability, migration and inflammation. Additionally, miR‐326‐3p inhibitor‐mediated functions on VSMCs were reversed by knockdown of VAMP3. In conclusion, circ_0002984 mediated cell proliferation, migration and inflammation through modulating miR‐326‐3p and VAMP3 in VSMCs, which suggested that circ_0002984 might hold great promise as a therapeutic strategy for atherosclerosis.
A growing body of evidence has linked the gut microbiota to liver metabolism. The manipulation of intestinal microflora has been considered as a promising avenue to promote liver health. However, the ...effects of
Lactobacillus gasseri
LA39, a potential probiotic, on liver metabolism remain unclear. Accumulating studies have investigated the proteomic profile for mining the host biological events affected by microbes, and used the germ-free (GF) mouse model to evaluate host-microbe interaction. Here, we explored the effects of
L. gasseri
LA39 gavage on the protein expression profiles of the liver of GF mice. Our results showed that a total of 128 proteins were upregulated, whereas a total of 123 proteins were downregulated by treatment with
L. gasseri
LA39. Further bioinformatics analyses suggested that the primary bile acid (BA) biosynthesis pathway in the liver was activated by
L. gasseri
LA39. Three differentially expressed proteins (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 (CYP27A1), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1 (CYP7B1), and cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1)) involved in the primary BA biosynthesis pathway were further validated by western blot assay. In addition, targeted metabolomic analyses demonstrated that serum and fecal β-muricholic acid (a primary BA), dehydrolithocholic acid (a secondary BA), and glycolithocholic acid-3-sulfate (a secondary BA) were significantly increased by
L. gasseri
LA39. Thus, our data revealed that
L. gasseri
LA39 activates the hepatic primary BA biosynthesis and promotes the intestinal secondary BA biotransformation. Based on these findings, we suggest that
L. gasseri
LA39 confers an important function in the gut–liver axis through regulating BA metabolism.
Pesticide spray droplets can damage ecological environments and negatively affect biodiversity if they reach nontarget areas. Effective retention of pesticide droplets on plant surfaces is an ...important challenge. In this study, a high-speed camera was utilized to visualize the bounce behavior of droplets of different pesticide solutions on rice leaf surfaces. We explored the addition of surfactants (SAAs) to different pesticide solutions and altered a pesticide solution system to prevent or regulate droplet bounce behavior. Experimental results indicate that the addition of SAAs to a pesticide solution can inhibit the bouncing of droplets on rice leaf surfaces. Additionally, a water-in-oil (EO) emulsion not only can significantly inhibit droplet rebound on a superhydrophobic surface, but also can quickly and automatically spread pesticide droplets to maximize the wetting area. Therefore, this work effectively improves the utilization of pesticides and reduces environmental pollution.
•A novel flower-like composite with adjustable structure is fabricated.•The composite is a potential and adjustable green EMI shielding material.•Fast energy storage and long-cycle stability under ...high current density are realized.•The composite achieves EM energy conversion-storage and lithium ion energy storage.
Environment and energy are the eternal hot topics in the world, multiloculated microscale materials have attracted great attention in the field of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and lithium ions storage. Herein, a novel flower-like NiFe2O4/graphene composite with adjustable structure was fabricated as EMI shielding material and anode material of lithium-ion batteries. NiFe2O4/graphene composite is a potential green EMI shielding material. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) increases with the increase of graphene content in NiFe2O4/graphene composite, and the total EMI SE of NiFe2O4/graphene with 73.6 wt.% graphene increases from 26.5 to 40.6 dB with the increase of frequency in 2–18 GHz. Furthermore, it exhibits long-life and large capacity lithium storage performance at high current density. The capacity reaches 732.79 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, recovering to more than 139% from the minimum capacity value. After 300 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, the capacity increases to 688.5 mAh g−1. The initial capacities at 2 and 5 A g−1 are 704.9 and 717.8 mAh g−1, and remain 297.9 and 203.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles. The distinguished EMI shielding performance and electrochemical performance are mainly ascribed to the structure regulation of NiFe2O4/graphene composite, as well as the synergistic effect of graphene and NiFe2O4. This research opens up infinite opportunities for the application of multifunctional and interdisciplinary materials.
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