Dielectric capacitors with the prominent features of ultrafast charging-discharging rates and ultrahigh power densities are ubiquitous components in modern electronics. To meet the growing demand for ...electronics miniaturization, dielectric capacitors with high energy storage properties are extensively researched. Here we present an overview of the recent progress in the engineering of multiscale structures of dielectric ceramics ranging from bulk to thin films. This article commences with a brief introduction of the fundamentals of dielectric ceramics, including primary parameters, a library of dielectric ceramics, and multiscale structures. Emphases are placed on the relationship between multiscale structures and energy storage properties and the rational structure design principles in dielectric ceramics. Also included are currently available multilayer ceramic capacitors based on multiscale engineered ceramic structures. Finally, challenges along with opportunities for further research and development of high-performance dielectric ceramics for electrostatic energy storage are highlighted.
An overview of the recent progress in the engineering of multiscale structures of dielectric ceramics for electrostatic energy storage applications is presented.
A substantial proportion of liver cancers is attributable to chronic infection with hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV). Liver cancer could become the second cancer, after cervical, to be effectively ...controlled globally, if proven interventions such as vaccination can be implemented on a large scale. In 2018, the global mortality rate for liver cancer was estimated to be 8.5 per 100 000 individuals. Given patterns of HBV infection and immigration across countries, liver cancer control requires combined, global action. Liver cancer trends vary between countries, in some Western countries, the incidence rates were relatively low but have increased in recent decades; conversely, in several Asian countries, the incidence rates have decreased over time. China has in the past contributed more than half of the global burden of liver cancer but more recently a national decline in liver cancer incidence has been observed. Here, we review the liver cancer burden and exposure to risk factors in China, compared to other countries. We also review the implementation status for primary and secondary prevention interventions and major outcomes achieved over the past three decades. Using Bayesian age‐period‐cohort analysis, we examine recent trends and based on these, predict that by 2050, the incidence of liver cancer in China could fall by half. We additionally survey the literature to identify current research needs, and review relevant national policies on liver cancer control in China. A comprehensive set of interventions is proposed to progress toward the long‐term goal of liver cancer elimination based on the natural history and evidence‐based interventions.
Environment‐friendly lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics have been studied extensively in the past decade with great progress particularly in systems based on a niobate perovskite compound formulated as ...(K, Na)NbO3 (abbreviated as KNN). A comprehensive review on the latest development of KNN‐based piezoelectric ceramics is presented in this article, including the phase structure, property enhancement approaches, and sintering processes as well as the status of some promising applications. The phase structure of KNN was reexamined and associated with the effect of chemical modification on its tetragonal‐to‐orthorhombic transition. Then, a special focus is placed on the temperature dependence of piezoelectric properties of KNN‐based ceramics, followed by reviewing the recent approaches devoted to the temperature‐stability enhancement. The processing fundamentals related to the sintering of KNN‐based ceramics are also presented with an emphasis on compositional and microstructural control. Finally, this review introduces several industrial attempts of traditional piezoceramic products using KNN‐based ceramics and the studies on some promising application in authors' laboratory.
ABSTRACT Water, energy and food (WEF) are important strategic resources for economic development in arid agriculture-based regions. Analyzing development indicators in the management of limited ...resources to achieve sustainability on a time scale is one of the basic goals of this research. Therefore, a system dynamics model was developed to analyze the WEF system resource flow relationship to achieve sustainable resource development. First, the subsystems of WEF resources were created and their dynamic relationship was formed in the form of a logical loop in a 10-year time frame. The evolution of 7 years (from 2015 to 2022) was taken into consideration to predict the 3-year period (from 2023 to 2025). The results showed that the reduction of water resources exploitation rate in China in interaction with agricultural productivity has automatically improved energy consumption and the nexus index. In China, a dynamic balance between WEF with a focus on water is recommended for planning.
Plasmonic color filtering and color printing have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their supreme performance in display and imaging technologies. Although various color‐related ...devices are designed, so far very few studies have touched the topic of dynamic color generation. In this article, dynamic color generation is demonstrated by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with vanadium dioxide based on its tunable optical properties through insulator–metal transition. Periodic arrays of silver nanodisks on a vanadium dioxide film are fabricated to realize different colors, relying on the excitation of localized and propagating surface plasmons, and Wood's anomaly. By tuning spatial periodicity of the arrays and diameter of the silver nanodisks, various colors can be achieved across the entire visible spectrum. Further, using insulator–metal transition of vanadium dioxide, the colors can be actively tuned by varying temperature. The approach of dynamic color generation based on the phase transition of vanadium dioxide can easily realize diverse color patterns, which makes it beneficial for display and imaging technology with distinct advantages of multifunctionality, flexibility, and high efficiency.
Dynamic color generation is realized by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with vanadium dioxide based on its tunable optical properties through insulator–metal transition. Various colors can be designed across the visible spectrum via adjusting the spatial periodicity and nanodisk diameter of the silver‐nanodisk array, and the colors can be tuned dynamically by varying the temperature.
Lead‐free dielectric ceramics have been the spotlight in the search for environmentally benign materials for electrostatic energy storage because of the ever‐increasing environmental concerns. ...However, the inverse correlation between the polarization and dielectric breakdown strength is the major barrier hindering the provision of sufficient energy densities in lead‐free dielectric ceramics and practical applications thereof. Herein, a rational structure design inspired by nature is demonstrated as an effective strategy to overcome these challenges. Bioinspired raspberry‐like hierarchically structured all‐inorganic nanocomposites have been prepared by enclosing microsized BaTiO3‐Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3 (BT‐BMZ) relaxor ferroelectrics using core‐shell BT‐BMZ@SiO2 nanoparticles. The synergistic effects of the bioinspired hierarchical structure and insulating SiO2 nano‐coating result in significantly improved dielectric breakdown strength and sustained large polarization in the nanocomposites, as corroborated by experimental characterizations and theoretical simulations. As a result, an ultrahigh energy density of 3.41 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of 85.1%, together with outstanding thermal stability within a broad temperature range, have been simultaneously achieved in the hierarchically structured nanocomposites. This contribution provides a feasible and paradigmatic approach to develop high‐performance dielectrics for electrostatic energy storage applications using bioinspired structure design.
A conceptual material paradigm of structure design strategy inspired by nature is developed to break the inverse correlation between polarization and breakdown strength inherently existing in dielectrics, and thus to boost their energy storage performance, as successfully validated by the bioinspired hierarchical structured all‐inorganic BaTiO3‐Bi(Mg0.5Zr0.5)O3‐based nanocomposites with a high energy density of 3.41 J cm−3, and efficiency of 85.1% simultaneously.
Grain boundaries in lead halide perovskite films lead to increased recombination losses and decreased device stability under illumination due to defect‐mediated ion migration. The effect of a ...conjugated polymer additive, poly(bithiophene imide) (PBTI), is investigated in the antisolvent treatment step in the perovskite film deposition by comprehensive characterization of perovskite film properties and the performance of inverted planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). PBTI is found to be incorporated within grain boundaries, which results in an improvement in perovskite film crystallinity and reduced defects. The successful defect passivation by PBTI yields reduces recombination losses and consequently increases power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, it gives rise to improved photoluminescence stability and improved PSC stability under illumination which can be attributed to reduced ion migration. The optimal devices exhibit a PCE of 20.67% compared to 18.89% of control devices without PBTI, while they retain over 70% of the initial efficiency after 600 h under 1 sun illumination compared to 56% for the control devices.
A semiconducting conjugated polymer, poly(bithiophene imide), is successfully introduced to perovskite grain boundaries along with augmented grain sizes. This results in effective defect passivation and hence reduced recombination losses and increased efficiency, as well as reduced ion migration and improved stability.
The development of lead‐free piezoceramics has attracted great interest because of growing environmental concerns. A polymorphic phase transition (PPT) has been utilized in the past to tailor ...piezoelectric properties in lead‐free (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN)‐based materials accepting the drawback of large temperature sensitivity. Here a material concept is reported, which yields an average piezoelectric coefficientd33 of about 300 pC/N and a high level of unipolar strain up to 0.16% at room temperature. Most intriguingly, field‐induced strain varies less than 10% from room temperature to 175 °C. The temperature insensitivity of field‐induced strain is rationalized using an electrostrictive coupling to polarization amplitude while the temperature‐dependent piezoelectric coefficient is discussed using localized piezoresponse probed by piezoforce microscopy. This discovery opens a new development window for temperature‐insensitive piezoelectric actuators despite the presence of a polymorphic phase transition around room temperature.
The development of (K,Na)NbO3‐based lead‐free piezoceramics is attracting great interest because of growing environmental concerns. A material concept that yields an average piezoelectric coefficient, d33, of about 300 pC/N and a high level of unipolar strain up to 0.16% is reported. Most intriguingly, field‐induced strain varies less than 10% from room temperature to 175 °C.
2D metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted broad research interest in recent years owing to their unique dimension‐related properties for widespread applications in catalysis, energy storage, ...conductivity, and optoelectronic devices. In this review, first the strategies for the rational design and precise construction of 2D MOFs are introduced. Then, the synthesis of 2D MOFs and their nanosheets by using top‐down and bottom‐up methods are summarized. Subsequently, the recent advances in optical/photonic applications of these 2D MOFs are highlighted, with special focus on lighting and display devices, nonlinear optics, as well as the luminescent sensing and biomedicine applications. Finally, the future potentials and challenges for the construction of 2D MOFs for optical materials are outlooked.
2D metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) show great advantages for optical applications, such as multiple light‐emitting sites, wide emission wavelength ranges, and facile functional modifications, which are of great significance for the future development of advanced chemical sensors, photonics and optoelectronic devices. The strategies for the design and construction of 2D MOFs and their exfoliating methods are reviewed and applications are highlighted.
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