Weight loss was supposed to help with decreasing risk of premature mortality. However, results on this topic remain debatable and limited by study design.
The present study aimed to investigate the ...association between weight loss and all-cause mortality among US adults with overweight or obesity in a national cohort study by using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.
A total of 5486 pairs of participants were matched in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2015) after PSM. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) (HRs (95% CIs)) were employed to evaluate the association between weight loss indicated by long-term weight loss (LTWL) and all-cause mortality by using Cox proportional hazards regression models.
During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 674 participants died from all-cause mortality. In each PSM match, compared with participants with LTWL < 5%, the HRs (95% CIs) for participants with LTWL of 5-9.9% (2877 pairs), 10-14.9% (1315 pairs), and ≥ 15% (1294 pairs) were 1.18 (0.83-1.68) (P = 0.366), 1.65 (1.17-2.34) (P = 0.005), and 1.91 (1.21-3.00) (P = 0.006), respectively. The significant increased risk of all-cause mortality for LTWL ≥ 15% remained among male, female, participants aged ≥ 65 years, without weight loss intention, with non-communicable diseases, and without exceeding estimated energy requirement.
Weight loss especially for being ≥ 15% should be cautious for US adults with overweight or obesity.
The low-statistical errors on cosmological parameters promised by future galaxy surveys will only be realized with the development of new, fast, analysis methods that reduce potential systematic ...problems to low levels. We present an efficient method for measuring the evolution of the growth of structure using redshift-space distortions (RSDs), that removes the need to make measurements in redshift shells. We provide sets of galaxy-weights that cover a wide range in redshift, but are optimized to provide differential information about cosmological evolution. These are derived to optimally measure the coefficients of a parametrization of the redshift-dependent matter density, which provides a framework to measure deviations from the concordance ...CDM cosmology, allowing for deviations in both geometric and/or growth. We test the robustness of the weights by comparing with alternative schemes and investigate the impact of galaxy bias. We extend the results to measure the combined anisotropic baryon acoustic oscillation and RSD signals. (ProQuest: ... denotes formulae/symbols omitted.)
The global growth of geotourism has increased the demand and quality for geotourism interpretation. However, in its pioneer stage, geotourism interpretation has much ineffective interpretation, which ...hinders the informative purpose of geotourism. Moreover, geotourism interpretation lacks a systematic quality evaluation model. Such a model is essential to the future of reliable interpretation and the minimising of ineffective interpretation. This paper exams whether the currently proposed SSC model (Semantic, Style and Cultural Equivalence) for translation benchmarking purposes can effectively ensure the quality of geotourism interpretation. The SSC model is built on the three geotourism categories (ABC-Abiotic, Biotic and Culture), the unique principles of geotourism interpretation (which are determined by its objectives) and the theory of Eco-translatology. To enhance corpus research, the digital auxiliary tools, Tmxmall (2014) and Sketch Engine (2003), were used. The detailed SSC model was shaped through corpus-based contrastive analysis. The model contains a total of eight criteria that the interpreter should follow, including four for semantic equivalence: linguistic accuracy, scientific accuracy of terminology, reader acceptability of terminology, and semantic completeness of geo-information; and three for style equivalence: logical syntax, concise syntax and appropriate voice syntax. The final criterion is an accurate connotation in cultural elements. The main research findings were that the SSC model can minimise ineffective interpretation of Chinese to English geodata and guarantee accurate transmission of data for geotourism in Chinese UNESCO Global Geoparks.
Phosphorous diffusion gettering (PDG) for different kinds of commercial n-type CZ silicon wafers was investigated for the application in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. It was found that ...surplus phosphorus diffusion was effective in improving the effective minority carrier lifetime (τeff). Highest τeff was obtained at the optimal diffusion temperature of 840°C, which was almost independent on the diffusion duration at a wide region from 5 to 60min, corresponding to a sheet resistance region from 85 to 21Ω/sq. The segregation coefficient and gettering sites were considered responsible for the gettering mechanism. When the optimized PDG process was applied to SHJ solar cells with three different groups of commercial Si wafers, the average efficiencies were improved from 21.2% to 22.4%, 21.5% to 22.4%, and 22.1% to 22.5%, respectively, where the efficiency gains were mainly contributed by the improvements of open-circuit voltage and fill factor.
•The PDG process is found to be effective for n-type crystalline silicon solar cells.•The minority carrier lifetime τeff of silicon wafers is improved from 250 to 1000μs.•HJT Solar cells efficiency is improved from 21.2% to 22.4%.•The optimal PDG condition (840°C 10min) is valuable for industrial production.
The future 6G systems are expected to achieve intelligent connection and interaction between various heterogeneous terminals, increasing the fragility for spoofing attacks. Due to the high security ...and energy efficiency, physical layer authentication (PLA) has been regarded as a powerful method to verify the identity of devices. Nevertheless, due to the inaccurate identifying fingerprints caused by the imperfect estimation and variations of the limited fingerprints, most of the state-of-the-art PLA schemes have low reliability and robustness in low-signal-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Besides, most PLA schemes rely on the prior knowledge of attackers to establish authentication models, thus reducing the feasibility of actual communications. To address the first challenge, we propose a multiattacker detection architecture based on multidimensional fingerprints, which can provide more robust identifiable spatial attributes for devices by using fingerprints observed by receivers in multilocations. Upon the designed detection architecture, to tackle the second issue, we propose four clustering-based PLA schemes without requiring their training fingerprint sets. Considering that the aforementioned schemes can divide fingerprints from different transmitters into several disjoint clusters but cannot precisely identify forged fingerprints, we further propose the graph learning-based PLA approaches with only a few labeled fingerprints. The simulation results on real industrial outdoor and indoor data sets demonstrate the superiority of the designed detection system in adjusted mutual information (AMI) and authentication accurate rate (AucRate) over the single observation-based PLA schemes.
The widespread application of wireless communication technology brings great convenience to people, but security and privacy problems also arise. To assess and guarantee the security of wireless ...networks and user devices, discovering and identifying wireless devices become a foremost task. Currently, effective device identification is still a challenging issue, as device fingerprinting requires huge training datasets and is difficult to expand, and rule-based identification is not accurate and reliable enough. In this paper, we propose WND-Identifier, a universal and extensible framework for the identification of wireless devices, which can generate high-precision device labels (vendor, type, and product model) efficiently without user interaction. We first introduce the concept of device-info-related network protocols. WND-Identifier makes full use of the natural language features in such protocol messages and combines with the device description in the welcome page, thereby utilizing extraction rules to generate concrete device labels. Considering that the device information in the protocol messages may be incomplete or forged, we further take advantage of the application logic independence and stability of the device-info-related protocol, so as to build a multiprotocol text classification model, which maps the device to a known label. We conduct experiments in homes and public networks and present three application scenarios to verify the effectiveness of WND-Identifier.
Зі стрімким розвитком медіа-ландшафту підготовка майбутніх журналістів потребує вирішення нових проблем, пов’язаних із технологічним прогресом і глобальним контекстом. Сценарії підготовки слід ...розробляти в двох контекстах, водночас встановлюючи автономію самої дисципліни та навчання. В епоху медіа конвергенції складність самої журналістики, яка охоплює кілька сфер, збагачує знання студентів, але також і послаблює їх унікальність. Тому до практиків новин висуваються нові вимоги, включаючи здатність інтегрувати складну інформацію, використовувати різні комунікаційні навички та брати участь у плануванні міжмедійної комунікації. Новинна освіта покликана забезпечити майбутніх журналістів до поточного конвергентного медіа-середовища, а також впливати на подальший розвиток і просування медіа конвергенції.
We report that the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) is one of the first of a new generation of galaxy redshift surveys that will cover a large range in redshift with ...sufficient resolution to measure the baryon acoustic oscillations signal. For surveys covering a large redshift range we can no longer ignore cosmological evolution, meaning that either the redshift shells analysed have to be significantly narrower than the survey, or we have to allow for the averaging over evolving quantities. Both of these have the potential to remove signal: analysing small volumes increases the size of the Fourier window function, reducing the large-scale information, while averaging over evolving quantities can, if not performed carefully, remove differential information. It will be important to measure cosmological evolution from these surveys to explore and discriminate between models. We apply a method to optimally extract this differential information to mock catalogues designed to mimic the eBOSS quasar sample. By applying a set of weights to extract redshift-space distortion measurements as a function of redshift, we demonstrate an analysis that does not invoke the problems discussed above. Finally, we show that our estimator gives unbiased constraints.
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