Three ZnAl2O4 samples were prepared via a modified polyacrylamide gel method using a citric acid solution with different aluminum salt starting materials, including AlCl3 ∙ 6H2O, Al2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O, ...and Al(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O under identical conditions. The influence of different aluminum salts on the morphologies, phase purity, and optical and fluorescence properties of the as-prepared ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles were studied. The experimental results demonstrate that the phase purity, particle size, morphology, and optical and fluorescence properties of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles can be manipulated by the use of different aluminum salts as starting materials. The energy bandgap (Eg) values of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles increase with a decrease in particle size. The fluorescence spectra show that a major blue emission band around 400 nm and two weaker side bands located at 410 and 445 nm are observed when the excitation wavelength is 325 nm. The ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles prepared from Al(NO3)3 ∙ 9H2O exhibit the largest emission intensity among the three ZnAl2O4 samples, followed in turn by the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles prepared from Al2(SO4)3 ∙ 18H2O and AlCl3∙6H2O. These differences are attributed to combinational changes in Eg and the defect types of the ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles.
This paper studies the fixed-time stability of coordinated attitude tracking control under consideration of an input amplitude constraint. The attitude dynamics is described by rotation matrix, which ...avoids the unwinding phenomenon. By designing and analyzing the proposed nonsingular terminal sliding mode surfaces (NTSMSs) step by step, a novel saturated NTSMS is finally established. This NTSMS has theoretical and practical advantages over other existing NTSMSs, such as its fixed-time convergence property and boundedness. Based on it, two fixed-time coordinated controllers are developed. The first one effectively decreases the amplitude of the control input, whereas the second prevents saturation. Both controllers keep the attitude synchronization task be finished in fixed-time and provide better performance than existing controllers. Specific expressions of the regions to which the system states to converge are obtained using Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation results testify the correctness of the proposed theorems.
An Escherichia coli-produced human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 and 18 bivalent vaccine (Cecolin) was prequalified by WHO in 2021. This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity of the E coli-produced HPV ...9-valent vaccine Cecolin 9 (against HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58) with Gardasil 9.
This was a randomised, single-blind trial conducted in China. Healthy non-pregnant women aged 18–26 years, who were not breastfeeding and with no HPV vaccination history, were enrolled in the Ganyu Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, China). Women were stratified by age (18–22 years and 23–26 years) and randomly assigned (1:1) using a permutated block size of eight to receive three doses of Cecolin 9 or Gardasil 9 at day 0, day 45, and month 6. All participants, as well as study personnel without access to the vaccines, were masked. Neutralising antibodies were measured by a triple-colour pseudovirion-based neutralisation assay. The primary outcomes, seroconversion rates and geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) at month 7, were analysed in the per-protocol set for immunogenicity (PPS-I). Non-inferiority was identified for the lower limit of the 95% CI of the GMC ratio (Cecolin 9 vs Gardasil 9) at a margin of 0·5 and a seroconversion rate difference (Cecolin 9–Gardasil 9) at a margin of –5%. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04782895) and is completed.
From March 14 to 18, 2021, a total of 553 potential participants were screened, of which 244 received at least one dose of Cecolin 9 and 243 received at least one dose of Gardasil 9. The seroconversion rates for all HPV types in both groups were 100% in the PPS-I, with the values of the lower limits of 95% CIs for seroconversion rate differences ranging between –1·8% and –1·7%. The GMC ratios of five types were higher than 1·0, with the highest ratio, for HPV 58, at 1·65 (95% CI 1·38–1·97), and those of four types were lower than 1·0, with the lowest ratio, for HPV 11, at 0·79 (0·68–0·93). The incidence of adverse reactions in both groups was similar (43% 104/244 vs 47% 115/243).
Cecolin 9 induced non-inferior HPV type-specific immune responses compared with Gardasil 9 and is a potential candidate to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer by allowing for global accessibility to 9-valent HPV vaccinations, especially in low-income and middle-income countries.
National Natural Science Foundation, Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Xiamen Science and Technology Plan Project, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences of China, and Xiamen Innovax.
Studies have shown that tripartite motif–containing (TRIM) family proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and play essential roles in cancer biology. In the present study, we validated a ...contribution of TRIM9 to bladder cancer progression. 296 patients derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and 22 clinical specimens were included, in which accumulated TRIM9 correlated with the poor prognosis and higher relapse in bladder patients. In vitro, TRIM9 promoted bladder cancer cells Biu-87 and T24 cell proliferation and migration. Meanwhile, overexpression of TRIM9 reduced the chemosensitivity in Biu-87 and T24 to mitomycin C (MMC) and gemcitabine (GEM). As an underlying mechanism, we found that TRIM9 stimulated carcinoembryonic antigen 6 (CEACAM6) upregulation, which further facilitated Smad2/3-matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) signaling activation both in vitro and in vivo. Those results indicated that TRIM9 facilitated bladder cancer development and chemoresistance by CEACAM6-Smad2/3 axis. TRIM9 and its associated molecules could be a potential diagnostic indicator and therapeutic target in bladder cancer.
Graphic Abstract
► Partly cloudy sky enhances net carbon uptake of temperate and subtropical forests. ► Partly cloudy sky enhances net carbon uptake of temperate grasslands in China. ► Light use efficiency increases ...with cloudiness in forest and temperate grasslands. ► Partly cloudy sky raises water use efficiency of temperate and subtropical forests. ► Partly cloudy sky enhances water use efficiency of temperate grasslands in China.
As a weather element, clouds can affect CO
2 exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere by altering environmental conditions, such as solar radiation received on the ground surface, temperature, and moisture. Based on the flux data measured at five typical ecosystems of China during mid-growing season (June–August) from 2003 to 2006, we analyzed the responses of net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (NEE), light use efficiency (LUE, defined as Gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP)/Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)), and water use efficiency (WUE, defined as GEP/Evapotranspiration (ET)) to the changes in cloudiness. The five ecological sites included Changbaishan temperate mixed forest (CBS), Dinghushan subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest (DHS), Xishuangbanna tropical rainforest (XSBN), Inner Mongolia semi-arid
Leymus chinensis steppe (NMG), and Haibei alpine frigid
Potentilla fruticosa shrub (HB). Our analyses show that cloudy sky conditions with cloud index (
k
t) values between 0.4 and 0.6 increased NEE, LUE, and WUE of the ecosystems at CBS, DHS, NMG and HB from June to August. The LUE of tropical rainforest at XSBN was higher under cloudy than under clear sky conditions, but NEE and WUE did not decrease significantly under clear sky conditions from June to August. The increase in GEP with increasing diffuse radiation received by ecosystems under cloudy skies was the main reason that caused the increases in LUE and net carbon uptake in forest ecosystem at CBS, DHS, and alpine shrub ecosystem at HB, compared with clear skies. Moreover, for the ecosystem at CBS, DHS, and HB, when sky condition became from clear to cloudy, GEP increased and ET decreased with decreasing VPD, leading to the increase in WUE and NEE under cloudy sky conditions. The decrease in
R
e with decreasing temperature and increase in GEP with decreasing VPD under cloudy skies led to the increase in LUE, WUE, and net carbon uptake of semi-arid steppe at NMG, compared to clear skies. These different responses among the five ecosystems are attributable to the differences in canopy characteristics and water conditions. From June to August, the peaks of the
k
t frequency distribution in temperate ecosystems (e.g., CBS, NMG, and HB) were larger than 0.5, but they were smaller than 0.4 in subtropical/tropical forest ecosystems (e.g., DHS and XSBN). These results suggest that the pattern of cloudiness during the years from 2003 to 2006 in the five ecosystems was not the best condition for their net carbon uptake. This study highlights the importance of cloudiness factor in the prediction of net carbon absorption in the Asia monsoon region under climate change.
Perioperative adjuvant treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, the success of immune checkpoint ...inhibitors, such as antibodies against PD‐1 and PD‐L1, in patients with lung cancer has increased our expectations for the success of these therapeutics as neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Neoadjuvant therapy is widely used in patients with resectable stage IIIA NSCLC and can reduce primary tumor and lymph node stage, improve the complete resection rate, and eliminate microsatellite foci; however, complete pathological response is rare. Moreover, because the clinical benefit of neoadjuvant therapy is not obvious and may complicate surgery, it has not yet entered the mainstream of clinical treatment. Small‐scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancellation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. In this article, we draw on several sources of information, including (i) guidelines on adverse reactions related to immune checkpoint inhibitors, (ii) published data from large‐scale clinical studies in thoracic surgery, and (iii) practical experience and published cases, to provide clinical recommendations on adverse events in NSCLC patients induced by perioperative immunotherapy.
Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.
Glioblastoma is the most common type of brain tumor and is invariably fatal, with a mean survival time of 8-15 mo for recently diagnosed tumors, and a 5-year survival rate of only 7.2%. The standard ...treatment for newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and further adjuvant temozolomide. However, the prognosis remains poor and long-term survival is rare. This report aimed to demonstrate a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
A patient was referred to the Department of Neurosurgery with an intracranial space-occupying lesion with a maximum diameter of approximately 5 cm. The tumor was compressing functional areas, and the patient accordingly underwent partial resection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. The imaging and pathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma differentiation (World Health Organization IV). The patient was finally diagnosed with glioblastoma. However, the patient discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects, and was prescribed Kangliu pill (KLP) 7.5 g three times/d, which he has continued to date. Significant shrinkage of the tumor (maximum diameter reduced from about 3.5 to about 2 cm) was found after 3 mo of KLP therapy, and the tumor was further reduced to about 1 cm after 3 years. The patient's symptoms of headache, limb weakness, and left hemiplegia were relieved, with no side effects.
KLP has been a successful intervention for glioblastoma, and the current case indicates that traditional Chinese medicine may offer effective alternative therapies for glioblastoma.
Single-atom catalysts have attracted exceptional interest of researchers. However, the arguing whether tuning the interactions between the dispersed single metals and the support can enhance the ...activity, selectivity and stability of single atom catalysts is still open. Herein, single atom Au catalyst (rutile Au1@TiO2) is presented via density functional theory calculations, which exhibits high efficiency for methanol oxidation to formate, especially the exposed (110) facet. Rutile Au1@TiO2 (110) facet prefers to localize at 6-fold Ti site under rich-oxygen conditions; methanol goes through adsorption, OH dissociation, CH dissociation, O2 molecule adsorption, and withdraws H2O and formate to gas phase separately. In particular, a significant step on the way to methanol oxidation is the oxygen vacancy formation at the reduced rutile Au1@TiO2 (110) surface after CH scission and H2O desorption. The subsequent adsorbed O2 molecule does only provide oxygen species for methanol oxidation, but not fill surface oxygen vacancy, which promotes formate formation and desorption to develop very well.
Single atom Au catalyst (rutile Au1@TiO2) is presented via density functional theory calculations, which exhibits exceptionally high efficiency for methanol oxidation to formate, especially the exposed (110) facet. Methanol goes through adsorption, OH dissociation, CH dissociation, O2 molecule adsorption, and withdraws H2O and formate to gas phase separately. Display omitted
•Single atom Au catalyst (rutile Au1@TiO2) is presented via density functional theory calculations, which exhibits exceptionally high efficiency for methanol oxidation to formate, especially the exposed (110) facet.•DFT calculations reveal that rutile Au1@TiO2 (110) facet always prefer to localize at 6-fold Ti site under rich-oxygen conditions.•Methanol adsorption and deprotonation, CH scission, O2 adsorption, formate formation and desorption shape the main components of methanol oxidation at rutile Au1@TiO2 (110) facet•In particular, a significant step on the way to methanol oxidation is the oxygen vacancy formation at the reduced rutile Au1@TiO2 (110) surface after CH scission and H2O desorption.
Two zinc(II) complexes with NO- and N2O-set oxime-containing Schiff base ligand of 2-hydroxyimino-N′-1-(2-pyridyl)ethylidenepropanohydrazone (Hpop), namely Zn3(pop)2-(CH3OH)2Cl4 (1) and ...Zn(pop)Cl4·(H2O)2 (2), have been successfully synthesized from the reaction of Hpop with ZnCl2 in CH3OH under different temperatures and fully characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, EA and IR as well as TG. At the low temperature, the linear M3L2-type trinuclear Zn(II) compound 1 was obtained, however, the grid-like Zn4L4-type tetranuclear Zn(II) compound 2 was given at the high temperature from the same reactants. Interestingly, compound 1 may be irreversibly transformed into 2 via ring-closed coordination reaction under the high temperature, accompanied by the corresponding changes in fluorescent property.
Two temperature-dependent Zn(II) complexes with NO- and N2O-set oxime-containing Schiff base ligand of Hpop have been successfully synthesized via different strategies and fully characterized, in which two complexes 1 and 2 have different fluorescent characteristics. Display omitted
•Two new Zn(II) complexes with oxime-containing Schiff base pop− were assembled.•Variable structures mainly depend on different reaction temperatures.•Fluorescent properties fully reflect the changes in their structures.
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