Counseling in Zimbabwe has a long tradition, dating back to pre‐Colonial times. In the modern context, counseling has evolved through the educational and health care sectors. Since the 1990s, ...Zimbabwean counselors have advocated for professional recognition, a struggle similar to that of counselors in the United States. In this article, the authors provide a historical view of counseling in Zimbabwe, discuss the current status of and future trends in counseling, and make recommendations for the advancement of the profession.
Context . The TOI-178 system consists of a nearby, late-K-dwarf with six transiting planets in the super-Earth to mini-Neptune regime, with radii ranging from to 2.9 R ⊕ and orbital periods between ...1.9 and 20.7 days. All the planets, but the innermost one, form a chain of Laplace resonances. The fine-tuning and fragility of such orbital configurations ensure that no significant scattering or collision event has taken place since the formation and migration of the planets in the protoplanetary disc, thereby providing important anchors for planet formation models. Aims . We aim to improve the characterisation of the architecture of this key system and, in particular, the masses and radii of its planets. In addition, since this system is one of the few resonant chains that can be characterised by both photometry and radial velocities, we propose to use it as a test bench for the robustness of the planetary mass determination with each technique. Methods . We performed a global analysis of all the available photometry from CHEOPS, TESS and NGTS, and radial velocity from ESPRESSO, using a photo-dynamical modelling of the light curve. We also tried different sets of priors on the masses and eccentricity, as well as different stellar activity models, to study their effects on the masses estimated by transit-timing variations (TTVs) and radial velocities (RVs). Results . We demonstrate how stellar activity prevents a robust mass estimation for the three outer planets using radial velocity data alone. We also show that our joint photo-dynamical and radial velocity analysis has resulted in a robust mass determination for planets c to , with precision of ~ 12% for the mass of planet c, and better than 10% for planets d to . The new precisions on the radii range from 2 to 3%. The understanding of this synergy between photometric and radial velocity measurements will be valuable for the PLATO mission. We also show that TOI-178 is indeed currently locked in the resonant configuration, librating around an equilibrium of the chain.
ABSTRACT
Discovering transiting exoplanets with relatively long orbital periods (>10 d) is crucial to facilitate the study of cool exoplanet atmospheres (Teq < 700 K) and to understand exoplanet ...formation and inward migration further out than typical transiting exoplanets. In order to discover these longer period transiting exoplanets, long-term photometric, and radial velocity campaigns are required. We report the discovery of TOI-2447 b (=NGTS-29 b), a Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet orbiting a bright (T = 10.0) Solar-type star (Teff = 5730 K). TOI-2447 b was identified as a transiting exoplanet candidate from a single transit event of 1.3 per cent depth and 7.29 h duration in TESS Sector 31 and a prior transit event from 2017 in NGTS data. Four further transit events were observed with NGTS photometry which revealed an orbital period of P = 69.34 d. The transit events establish a radius for TOI-2447 b of $0.865 \pm 0.010\, \rm R_{\rm J}$, while radial velocity measurements give a mass of $0.386 \pm 0.025\, \rm M_{\rm J}$. The equilibrium temperature of the planet is 414 K, making it much cooler than the majority of TESS planet discoveries. We also detect a transit signal in NGTS data not caused by TOI-2447 b, along with transit timing variations and evidence for a ∼150 d signal in radial velocity measurements. It is likely that the system hosts additional planets, but further photometry and radial velocity campaigns will be needed to determine their parameters with confidence. TOI-2447 b/NGTS-29 b joins a small but growing population of cool giants that will provide crucial insights into giant planet composition and formation mechanisms.
When missionaries came to Africa, they lied that there was no sovereign God in Africa and that Africa was an evil continent. Colonial missionaries were afraid that Africans would seek God’s voice to ...resist colonialism as well as the imposition of colonial religion. Precolonial Africans had very strong moral, spiritual and religious fabric that would, if left alone, render missionary evangelizations unfruitful and pointless. The colonial missionaries preached a God trapped in sacred writings, apartments and attire but not in the hearts and lives of the people. Such missionary preaching was a scandal because Africans already had one Supreme Being
ABSTRACT We report the discovery of the most eccentric transiting brown dwarf in the brown dwarf desert, TOI-2490b. The brown dwarf desert is the lack of brown dwarfs around main-sequence stars ...within $\sim 3$ au and is thought to be caused by differences in formation mechanisms between a star and planet. To date, only $\sim 40$ transiting brown dwarfs have been confirmed. TOI-2490b is a $73.6\pm 2.4$ $M_{\rm J}$, $1.00\pm 0.02$ $R_{\rm J}$ brown dwarf orbiting a $1.004_{-0.022}^{+0.031}$ ${\rm M}_{\odot }$, $1.105_{-0.012}^{+0.012}$ ${\rm R}_{\odot }$ sun-like star on a 60.33 d orbit with an eccentricity of $0.77989\pm 0.00049$. The discovery was detected within Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite sectors 5 (30 min cadence) and 32 (2 min and 20 s cadence). It was then confirmed with 31 radial velocity measurements with FEROS by the WINE collaboration and photometric observations with the Next Generation Transit Survey. Stellar modelling of the host star estimates an age of $\sim 8$ Gyr, which is supported by estimations from kinematics likely placing the object within the thin disc. However, this is not consistent with model brown dwarf isochrones for the system age suggesting an inflated radius. Only one other transiting brown dwarf with an eccentricity higher than 0.6 is currently known in the brown dwarf desert. Demographic studies of brown dwarfs have suggested such high eccentricity is indicative of stellar formation mechanisms.
Scholarship on indigenous populations has tended to downplay the importance of minority cultural heritage. In this article I explore how colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity have colluded in ...ensuring that indigenous cultural heritage of minority groups is diluted, compromised and disfigured. This has led to the identity loss and cultural circumcision of minority groups like the Nambya people in Zimbabwe. Drawing on religious-ethnographic research of the Nambya I argue that Nambyan culture have been treated as the “other”. I contend that by exploring the role of colonialism, Christianity and ethnicity dominance in impacting on the loss of the rich religious heritage of the Nambyan ethnic group. There are factors which minoritise the other in order to dominate the cultural and religious spaces in multicultural society. I demonstrate that minoritisation of ethnic groups like the Nambya have resulted in the cementing of colonial hegemony and ethnic dominance of the Shona and Ndebele. Lastly I recommend that de-minoritisation of Nambyan beliefs system is imperative as part of the wider efforts to preserve the cultural heritage of people who are marginalised because of ethnicity.
We report the discovery of the most eccentric transiting brown dwarf in the brown dwarf desert, TOI02490b. The brown dwarf desert is the lack of brown dwarfs around main sequence stars within ...\(\sim3\)~AU and is thought to be caused by differences in formation mechanisms between a star and planet. To date, only \(\sim40\) transiting brown dwarfs have been confirmed. \systemt is a \(73.6\pm2.4\) \mjupnospace, \(1.00\pm0.02\) \rjup brown dwarf orbiting a \(1.004_{-0.022}^{+0.031}\) \msunnospace, \(1.105_{-0.012}^{+0.012}\) \rsun sun-like star on a 60.33~d orbit with an eccentricity of \(0.77989\pm0.00049\). The discovery was detected within \tess sectors 5 (30 minute cadence) and 32 (2 minute and 20 second cadence). It was then confirmed with 31 radial velocity measurements with \feros by the WINE collaboration and photometric observations with the Next Generation Transit Survey. Stellar modelling of the host star estimates an age of \(\sim8\)~Gyr, which is supported by estimations from kinematics likely placing the object within the thin disc. However, this is not consistent with model brown dwarf isochrones for the system age suggesting an inflated radius. Only one other transiting brown dwarf with an eccentricity higher than 0.6 is currently known in the brown dwarf desert. Demographic studies of brown dwarfs have suggested such high eccentricity is indicative of stellar formation mechanisms.
We present the results from the first two years of the Planet Hunters NGTS citizen science project, which searches for transiting planet candidates in data from the Next Generation Transit Survey ...(NGTS) by enlisting the help of members of the general public. Over 8,000 registered volunteers reviewed 138,198 light curves from the NGTS Public Data Releases 1 and 2. We utilize a user weighting scheme to combine the classifications of multiple users to identify the most promising planet candidates not initially discovered by the NGTS team. We highlight the five most interesting planet candidates detected through this search, which are all candidate short-period giant planets. This includes the TIC-165227846 system that, if confirmed, would be the lowest-mass star to host a close-in giant planet. We assess the detection efficiency of the project by determining the number of confirmed planets from the NASA Exoplanet Archive and TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs) successfully recovered by this search and find that 74% of confirmed planets and 63% of TOIs detected by NGTS are recovered by the Planet Hunters NGTS project. The identification of new planet candidates shows that the citizen science approach can provide a complementary method to the detection of exoplanets with ground-based surveys such as NGTS.
Discovering transiting exoplanets with relatively long orbital periods (\(>\)10 days) is crucial to facilitate the study of cool exoplanet atmospheres (\(T_{\rm eq} < 700 K\)) and to understand ...exoplanet formation and inward migration further out than typical transiting exoplanets. In order to discover these longer period transiting exoplanets, long-term photometric and radial velocity campaigns are required. We report the discovery of TOI-2447 b (\(=\) NGTS-29b), a Saturn-mass transiting exoplanet orbiting a bright (T=10.0) Solar-type star (T\(_{\rm eff}\)=5730 K). TOI-2447 b was identified as a transiting exoplanet candidate from a single transit event of 1.3% depth and 7.29 h duration in \(TESS\) Sector 31 and a prior transit event from 2017 in NGTS data. Four further transit events were observed with NGTS photometry which revealed an orbital period of P=69.34 days. The transit events establish a radius for TOI-2447 b of \(0.865 \pm 0.010\rm R_{\rm J}\), while radial velocity measurements give a mass of \(0.386 \pm 0.025 \rm M_{\rm J}\). The equilibrium temperature of the planet is \(414\) K, making it much cooler than the majority of \(TESS\) planet discoveries. We also detect a transit signal in NGTS data not caused by TOI-2447 b, along with transit timing variations and evidence for a \(\sim\)150 day signal in radial velocity measurements. It is likely that the system hosts additional planets, but further photometry and radial velocity campaigns will be needed to determine their parameters with confidence. TOI-2447 b/NGTS-29b joins a small but growing population of cool giants that will provide crucial insights into giant planet composition and formation mechanisms.
