This review provides a synopsis of ongoing research and our understanding of the fundamentals of sea-level change today and in the geologic record, especially as illustrated by conditions and ...processes during the Cretaceous greenhouse climate episode. We give an overview of the state of the art of our understanding on eustatic (global) versus relative (regional) sea level, as well as long-term versus short-term fluctuations and their drivers. In the context of the focus of UNESCO-IUGS/IGCP project 609 on Cretaceous eustatic, short-term sea-level and climate changes, we evaluate the possible evidence for glacio-eustasy versus alternative or additional mechanisms for continental water storage and release for the Cretaceous greenhouse and hothouse phases during which the presence of larger continental ice shields is considered unlikely. Increasing evidence in the literature suggests a correlation between long-period orbital cycles and depositional cycles that reflect sea-level fluctuations, implying a globally synchronized forcing of (eustatic) sea level. Fourth-order depositional sequences seem to be related to a ~405ka periodicity, which most likely represents long-period orbital eccentricity control on sea level and depositional cycles. Third-order cyclicity, expressed as time-synchronous sea level falls of ~20 to 110m on ~0.5 to 3.0Ma timescales in the Cretaceous, are increasingly recognized as connected to climate cycles triggered by long-term astronomical cycles that have periodicity ranging from ~1.0 to 2.4Ma. Future perspectives of research on greenhouse sea-level changes comprise a high-precision time-scale for sequence stratigraphy and eustatic sea-level changes and high-resolution marine to non-marine stratigraphic correlation.
•Up-to-date synopsis of sea-level change fundamentals today and in the geologic record•Eustatic (global) vs. eurybatic (relative) sea level and long-term vs. short term sea-level fluctuations and their drivers•Review of Cretaceous short-term climate and sea-level changes (IGCP 609)•Evaluation and quantification of glacio-eustasy versus aquifer eustasy during the Cretaceous greenhouse
The shift towards hypercoagulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) can lead to the impairment of embryo implantation and placental blood circulation, which is believed to be a factor in an ...unsuccessful IVF cycle.
To assess coagulation in women with infertility before the start of an IVF cycle and during treatment to reveal the association between coagulation imbalance and IVF outcome.
We conducted a prospective cohort observational study including 125 participants who underwent fresh IVF cycles. Blood samples were collected at five time points: before IVF, one week after the start of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS), on the day of follicular puncture, on the day of embryo transfer (ET) and one week after ET. Coagulation tests (clotting times: activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin; fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations; thrombodynamics) were performed.
Women with an elevated clot growth velocity (>32.3 μm/min, detected by thrombodynamics) before IVF demonstrated a higher risk of negative IVF outcomes (adjusted RR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.28-1.49; P<0.001). During the procedure, we observed increases in prothrombin, fibrinogen and D-dimer concentrations, a slight shortening of APTT and a hypercoagulation shift in the thrombodynamics parameters. The hemostasis assay values during COS and after ET had no associations with IVF outcomes.
Hypercoagulation in the thrombodynamics before the start of IVF treatment was associated with negative IVF outcomes. After the start of COS, all tests demonstrated a hypercoagulation trend, but the hypercoagulation did not influence IVF outcome. This research is potentially beneficial for the application of thrombodynamics assay for monitoring hemostasis in infertile women prior to an IVF procedure with the goal of selecting a group requiring hemostasis correction to increase the chances of pregnancy.
A decrease in the activity of the insulin signaling system of the brain, due to both central insulin resistance and insulin deficiency, leads to neurodegeneration and impaired regulation of appetite, ...metabolism, endocrine functions. This is due to the neuroprotective properties of brain insulin and its leading role in maintaining glucose homeostasis in the brain, as well as in the regulation of the brain signaling network responsible for the functioning of the nervous, endocrine, and other systems. One of the approaches to restore the activity of the insulin system of the brain is the use of intranasally administered insulin (INI). Currently, INI is being considered as a promising drug to treat Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. The clinical application of INI is being developed for the treatment of other neurodegenerative diseases and improve cognitive abilities in stress, overwork, and depression. At the same time, much attention has recently been paid to the prospects of using INI for the treatment of cerebral ischemia, traumatic brain injuries, and postoperative delirium (after anesthesia), as well as diabetes mellitus and its complications, including dysfunctions in the gonadal and thyroid axes. This review is devoted to the prospects and current trends in the use of INI for the treatment of these diseases, which, although differing in etiology and pathogenesis, are characterized by impaired insulin signaling in the brain.
Exerkines in health, resilience and disease Chow, Lisa S; Gerszten, Robert E; Taylor, Joan M ...
Nature reviews. Endocrinology,
05/2022, Letnik:
18, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The health benefits of exercise are well-recognized and are observed across multiple organ systems. These beneficial effects enhance overall resilience, healthspan and longevity. The molecular ...mechanisms that underlie the beneficial effects of exercise, however, remain poorly understood. Since the discovery in 2000 that muscle contraction releases IL-6, the number of exercise-associated signalling molecules that have been identified has multiplied. Exerkines are defined as signalling moieties released in response to acute and/or chronic exercise, which exert their effects through endocrine, paracrine and/or autocrine pathways. A multitude of organs, cells and tissues release these factors, including skeletal muscle (myokines), the heart (cardiokines), liver (hepatokines), white adipose tissue (adipokines), brown adipose tissue (baptokines) and neurons (neurokines). Exerkines have potential roles in improving cardiovascular, metabolic, immune and neurological health. As such, exerkines have potential for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, and possibly in the facilitation of healthy ageing. This Review summarizes the importance and current state of exerkine research, prevailing challenges and future directions.
Introduction:
this article discusses the role of a mentor in modern society. The importance of mentoring activities in various directions and areas is revealed.
Materials and methods:
in the process ...of preparing and writing this article, Russian and Englishlanguage scientific publications containing the results of sociological research on this topic were used. Theoretical methods were used in the study: study, analysis of scientific literature, systematization of data.
Research results:
based on the results of the analysis of scientific publications, it was determined that at the present time society is characterized by a rapid pace of development, but at the same time the need for the transfer of knowledge and skills is expressed. The digitalization of the economy has contributed to the fact that mentors have become necessary not only for the younger generation, but also for the older ones who have started interacting with the Internet and need to increase the level of digital literacy, employees at the enterprise, teachers, medical workers, the younger generation. The role of the mentor is determined by the need to facilitate the process of socialization and adaptation of employees, while both in the implementation of direct and reverse mentoring. This function can be performed by persons who must have the necessary competencies and the desire to learn, support others. In addition, the mentor can act as the head of the support service, provide social support, provide assistance in solving various issues.
Discussion and conclusion:
domestic and foreign sociological studies are analyzed, on the basis of which conclusions are drawn about the importance of a mentor in various social spheres. Based on the research, the necessary personal qualities and acquired skills that are important for a mentor are determined. The role of a mentor in the modern world is determined by the need to transfer experience in a limited time, form a focus on effectiveness, integrate into the professional environment and provide support. However, it is important to determine the ethics, principles and regulatory framework of this activity.
The lymphatic system (LS) is composed of lymphoid organs and a network of vessels that transport interstitial fluid, antigens, lipids, cholesterol, immune cells, and other materials in the body. ...Abnormal development or malfunction of the LS has been shown to play a key role in the pathophysiology of many disease states. Thus, improved understanding of the anatomical and molecular characteristics of the LS may provide approaches for disease prevention or treatment. Recent advances harnessing single-cell technologies, clinical imaging, discovery of biomarkers, and computational tools have led to the development of strategies to study the LS. This Review summarizes the outcomes of the NIH workshop entitled "Yet to be Charted: Lymphatic System in Health and Disease," held in September 2022, with emphasis on major areas for advancement. International experts showcased the current state of knowledge regarding the LS and highlighted remaining challenges and opportunities to advance the field.
The purpose of this article
is to consider and determine the features of the types of mentoring in modern realities.
The relevance of the consideration of this topic for the successful ...implementation of the individual’s activities in various fields, as well as within the framework of the revival of the institute of mentoring, is substantiated. The essence of mentoring as a social institution at the present time is analyzed. The factors that contributed to the change in the organizational andcontent side of mentoring are described. The types of mentoring are presented and differentiated: tutoring, mentoring, coaching, facilitation, reverse mentoring, as well as forms of mentoring: individual and group. The scope of application of each type of mentoring is described. Based on the analysis of publications, the issue of mentoring functions in various fields is considered: supportive, diagnostic, developmental, communicative and mediative. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, generalization and classification of theoretical works. In the process of writing this article, we analyzed domestic and foreign sources, which allowed us to summarize the experience in this direction and identify the characterological signs of mentoring as a social institution in modern realities. The results provide a description of the specific characteristics of each type of mentoring in the context of modern times, a description of the functions of mentoring.
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•New pentagonal-bipyramidal (PBP) Cr(III) complexes with planar pentadentate ligand.•Aggregation of PBP complexes into dimers or polymers.•Strong first-order Jahn-Teller (JT) effect ...for the high-spin (S = 3/2) 3d3 configuration in the PBP ligand field.•DFT calculations to explain the origin of the JT distortion.•Magnetic susceptibility simulation; ligand-field analysis and a many-electron superexchange theory.
A series of seven-coordinate pentagonal-bipyramidal (PBP) Cr(III) complexes with pentadentate pyridine-based ligands, 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(4-methoxybenzoylhydrazone), H2DAPMBH (H2LOCH3) or 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(benzoylhydrazone), H2DAPBH (H2L) and different axial ligands have been prepared. The reaction of the H2LOCH3 with CrCl2·4H2O in methanol or CrCl3·6H2O in CH3CN led to a novel seven-coordinate pentagonal-bipyramidal (PBP) complex Cr(HLOCH3)Cl2 (1) with the mono-deprotonated chelating ligand in the equatorial plane and two apical Cl atoms. Then, taking advantage of lability of the apical Cl ligands in 1, a number of PBP CrIII complexes with charged (viz. CH3O−, N3−, CN−, NCS−) and neutral (viz. CH3OH, H2O) apical ligands was obtained and characterized: Cr(HLOCH3)Cl2·4CHCl3 (1), Cr(HLOCH3)Cl2·CH3OH (1a), Cr(HLOCH3)(H2O)ClPF6·CH3OH (2), Cr(HL)(H2O)ClClO4·0.25H2O (3), Cr(HLOCH3)(H2O)2(NO3)2·H2O·C2H5OH (4), Cr(LOCH3)(CH3OH)(OCH3)·CH3OH (5), Cr(HLOCH3)(NCS)2·1.5H2O (6), Cr(HLOCH3)(N3)2·xH2O (7, x = 0.2, 8, x = 0, 9, x = 0, three phases in the same synthesis), Cr(LOCH3)(N3)2Na(CH3OH)2·2CH3OH (10), Cr(LOCH3)(CN)2Na(H2O)(C2H5OH) (11). Single crystal X-ray analysis reveals that all the complexes 1–11 have the PBP geometry with a pentadentate ligand in a form of HLOCH3− or LOCH32− in the equatorial plane. The PBP complexes are prone to aggregate into dimers or polymers, either due to strong hydrogen bonds or due to the transformation of terminal ligands into bridging between different metallic centers. All complexes 1–11 exhibit considerable in-plane distortion of the CrN3O2 pentagon due to the shift of the CrIII ion from the central position, which is caused by the strong first-order Jahn-Teller (JT) effect for the high-spin 3d3 configuration in the PBP ligand field. The mechanism of JT distortions is rationalized in terms of DFT calculations. DC magnetic measurements indicate a high-spin (S = 3/2) ground state of complex Cr(HLOCH3)Cl2·4CHCl3 (1); theoretical analysis of its magnetic properties reveals negative zero-field splitting energy with the anisotropy parameter D = –1.8 cm−1 and weak dimer-like antiferromagnetic spin coupling J = –0.23 cm−1 between neighboring PBP units CrIII(HLOCH3)Cl2 mediated by π-stacking of planar H2LOCH3 ligands.
Twelve genes for the potential serine-threonine protein kinases (STPKs) have been annotated in the genome of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Based on similarities and distinctive domain organization, ...they were divided into two clusters: serine/threonine-protein N2-like kinases (PKN2-type) and “activity of bc1 complex” kinases (ABC1-type). While the activity of the PKN2-type kinases have been demonstrated, no ABC1-type kinases activity have hitherto been reported. In this study, a recombinant protein previously annotated as a potential STPK of ABC1-type (SpkH, Sll0005) was expressed and purified to homogeneity. We demonstrated SpkH phosphorylating activity and substrate preference for casein in in vitro assays using γ-32PATP. Detailed analyses of activity showed that Mn2+ had the strongest activation effect. The activity of SpkH was significantly inhibited by heparin and spermine, but not by staurosporine. By means of semi-quantitative mass-spectrometric detection of phosphopeptides, we identified a consensus motif recognized by this kinase – X1X2pSX3E. Thus, we first report here that SpkH of Synechocystis represents a true active serine protein kinase, which shares the properties of casein kinases according to its substrate specificity and sensitivity to some activity effectors.
•For the first time activity of ABC1-type kinase from Synechocystis is demonstrated.•SpkH is a functional protein kinase with substrate preference to casein.•Mn2+ has the strongest activation effect in in vitro assay.•Phosphorylation site for SpkH is determined.
•Orientation microscopy was used to study the evolution of a crystallographic structure in brass at βBCC→αFCC transformation.•Four primary orientations of βBCC texture are transformed into three ...primary orientations of αFCC.•β→α-transformation occurs as per ORs close to K-S or N-W.•Nuclei of the α-phase are formed at boundaries between β-phase grains.•The β boundaries, where nuclei α are formed, are close to the CSL boundaries Σ3 and Σ33c.
Crystallographic features of body-centered cubic to face-centered cubic transformation were studied in an extruded brass product. X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy with electron microprobe analysis, and orientation microscopy based on diffraction of back-scattered electrons were used. A sample after treatment consisted of the β′-phase (Cu0.55Zn0.45, structural type B2) and α-phase (Cu0.65Zn0.35, structural type A1) at 30:70. Integral textures (within the product) of phases were axial with axes parallel to the elongation direction in extrusion:< 110 >for β’ and< 100 >for α. Local textures of phases are described as limited and consisting of a set of components. For β′ – {001}< 110 >, with scattering up to± 25° around the axis< 110 >; and {110}< 110 >consisting of three components – one {110}< 110 >and two {110} ± 24° around the axis< 110 >; for α – {001}< 100 >(strong) and two of {110}< 111 >(weak). It was shown that components of local textures of the β′- and α-phases were associated by orientation relationships close to Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationships. A small number of limited textural components formed as a result of β(BCC)→α(FCC) transformation realized as per multi-variant orientation relationships is explained by the formation of nuclei of a new phase at special boundaries close to coincidence site lattice boundaries Σ3 and Σ33.
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