Large-scale, highly integrated and low-power-consuming hardware is becoming progressively more important for realizing optical neural networks (ONNs) capable of advanced optical computing. ...Traditional experimental implementations need N
units such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) for an input dimension N to realize typical computing operations (convolutions and matrix multiplication), resulting in limited scalability and consuming excessive power. Here, we propose the integrated diffractive optical network for implementing parallel Fourier transforms, convolution operations and application-specific optical computing using two ultracompact diffractive cells (Fourier transform operation) and only N MZIs. The footprint and energy consumption scales linearly with the input data dimension, instead of the quadratic scaling in the traditional ONN framework. A ~10-fold reduction in both footprint and energy consumption, as well as equal high accuracy with previous MZI-based ONNs was experimentally achieved for computations performed on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The integrated diffractive optical network (IDNN) chip demonstrates a promising avenue towards scalable and low-power-consumption optical computational chips for optical-artificial-intelligence.
Summary Background Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common gastric pathogens, affecting at least half the world's population, and is strongly associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric ...adenocarcinoma, and lymphoma. We aimed to assess the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a three-dose oral recombinant H pylori vaccine in children in China. Methods We did this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at one centre in Ganyu County, Jiangsu Province, China. Healthy children aged 6–15 years without past or present H pylori infection were randomly assigned (1:1), via computer-generated randomisation codes in blocks of ten, to receive the H pylori vaccine or placebo. Participants, their guardians, and study investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary efficacy endpoint was the occurrence of H pylori infection within 1 year after vaccination. We did analysis in the per-protocol population. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT02302170. Findings Between Dec 2, 2004, and March 19, 2005, we randomly assigned 4464 participants to either the vaccine group (n=2232) or the placebo group (n=2232), of whom 4403 (99%) participants completed the three-dose vaccination schedule and were included in the per-protocol efficacy analysis. We extended follow-up to 3 years. We recorded 64 events of H pylori infection within the first year (14 events in 2074·3 person-years at risk in the vaccine group vs 50 events in 2089·6 person-years at risk in the placebo group), resulting in a vaccine efficacy of 71·8% (95% CI 48·2–85·6). 157 (7%) participants in the vaccine group and 161 (7%) participants in the placebo group reported at least one adverse reaction. Serious adverse events were reported in five (<1%) participants in the vaccine group and seven (<1%) participants in the placebo group, but none was considered to be vaccination related. Interpretation The oral recombinant H pylori vaccine was effective, safe, and immunogenic in H pylori -naive children. This vaccine could substantially reduce the incidence of H pylori infection; however, follow up over a longer period is needed to confirm the protection of the vaccine against H pylori -associated diseases. Funding Chongqing Kangwei Biological Technology.
Organic-inorganic composite photocatalyst g-C3N4-TaON with visible-light response was prepared by a milling-heat treatment method. The photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction, ...high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The activity of composite photocatalyst g-C3N4-TaON for photodegradation of rhodamine B is higher than that of either single-phase g-C3N4 or TaON. The obviously increased performance of g-C3N4-TaON is ascribed mainly to enhancement of electron-hole separations both at the interface and in the semiconductors.
Summary
Background
In Phase 3 studies of ustekinumab, a fully human monoclonal IL‐12/23p40 antibody approved for moderate‐to‐severe Crohn's disease, patients entered a long‐term extension after ...completing 8 weeks of induction and 44 weeks of maintenance treatment. Efficacy through 92 weeks and safety through 96 weeks of IM‐UNITI maintenance are reported.
Methods
UNITI‐1 (TNF‐antagonist failures) and UNITI‐2 (conventional therapy failures) patients (N = 1281) entered IM‐UNITI, including 397 ustekinumab intravenous induction responders randomised to subcutaneous ustekinumab 90 mg every 12 weeks, every 8 weeks, or placebo and 884 nonrandomised patients. Dose‐adjustment to 90 mg every 8 weeks occurred in patients randomised to 90 mg every 12 weeks and placebo patients with loss of response (Weeks 8–32). All Week 44 completers could enter the long‐term extension without further dose adjustment. Placebo patients discontinued following study unblinding.
Results
A total of 718 patients (all treated) entered the long‐term extension (298 randomised and 420 not randomised). Overall, 86.5% (621/718) completed Week 96. The proportions of randomised patients in clinical remission were generally maintained from Week 44 through 92 in ustekinumab 90 mg every 12 weeks (77.4% to 72.6%), every 8 weeks (84.1% to 74.4%), and prior dose adjustment groups (63.4% to 53.5%). At Week 92, the proportions of patients in clinical remission were similar in the ustekinumab 90 mg every 12 weeks and every 8 weeks groups and lower in patients with prior dose adjustment. Proportions of patients in clinical remission at Week 92 for all treated every 8 weeks (64.4%) and every 12 weeks (64.3%) groups were lower than randomised every 8 weeks (74.4%) and every 12 weeks (72.6%) groups, but similarly maintained. Safety events (per hundred patient‐years) were similar among all placebo and ustekinumab patients (Week 0‐96), including adverse events (484.39 vs 447.76), serious adverse events (19.24 vs 18.82), and serious infections (4.09 vs 4.02). No dose effect was observed.
Conclusions
Subcutaneous ustekinumab maintained clinical response and remission through Week 92. No new safety signals were observed. ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01369355.
Linked ContentThis article is linked to Gearry and Daker paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14844.
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors and the molecular mechanism underlying its metastasis is still largely unclear. Here, we show that miR-25 was overexpressed in plasma and primary ...tumor tissues of GC patients with tumor node metastasis stage (III or IV) or lymph node metastasis. MiR-25 inhibition significantly decreased the metastasis, invasion and proliferation of GC cells in vitro, and reduced their capacity to develop distal pulmonary metastases and peritoneal dissemination in vivo. Furthermore, miR-25 repressed transducer of ERBB2, 1 (TOB1) expression by directly binding to TOB1-3'-UTR, and the inverse correlation was observed between the expressions of miR-25 and TOB1 mRNA in primary GC tissues. Moreover, the loss of TOB1 increased the metastasis, invasion and proliferation of GC cells, and the restoration of TOB1 led to suppressed metastasis, invasion and proliferation. The receiver operating characteristics analysis yielded an area under the curve value of 0.7325 in distinguishing the GC patients with death from those with survival. The analysis of optimal cutoff value revealed poor survival in GC patients with high plasma concentrations of miR-25 (>0.2333 amol/μl). Taken together, miR-25 promotes GC progression by directly downregulating TOB1 expression, and may be a noninvasive biomarker for the prognosis of GC patients.
The meson–baryon coupled channel unitary approach with the local hidden gauge formalism is extended to the hidden beauty sector. A few narrow N⁎ and Λ⁎ resonances around 11 GeV are predicted as ...dynamically generated states from the interactions of heavy beauty mesons and baryons. Production cross sections of these predicted resonances in pp and ep collisions are estimated as a guide for the possible experimental search at relevant facilities.
Background Increasing zinc (Zn) concentration of rice seed has potential benefits for human nutrition and health. Enhanced levels of Zn in grain also contributes greatly to crop production through ...better germination and seedling vigor of rice plants grown on soils with limited Zn supply. Aims and methods This study evaluated the effect of soil and/or foliar Zn fertilizer application on grain yield and grain Zn concentration of rice grown in 17 field trials conducted in 2008 to 2010 in China, India, Lao PDR, Thailand and Turkey on soils ranging in pH from 4.8 to 8.8 and DTPA- extractable Zn from 0.5 to 6.5 mg kg−1. Results Zinc fertilization had little effect on rice grain yield with the exception of increases of up to 10 % in some locations in China and India. As an average of all trials, Zn application increased grain yield by about 5 %. Grain Zn concentrations were, however, more effectively increased by Zn fertilization, especially with foliar Zn applications. On average, Zn concentration in brown rice (whole caryopsis with husk removed) was increased by 25 % and 32 % by foliar and foliar + soil Zn applications, respectively, and only 2.4 % by soil Zn application. The Zn concentration of un-husked rice (whole grain with husk), which was increased by 66 % by foliar Zn, showed a close association with the Zn in brown and white rice, indicating a possible penetration of Zn from the husk into the inner layers of the rice endosperm. Increase in grain Zn concentration by foliar Zn spray was significantly affected by the timing of the foliar application. More distinct increases in grain Zn by foliar Zn application were achieved when Zn was applied after flowering time, e.g., at early milk plus dough stages. Conclusions Foliar Zn spray offers a practical and useful means for an effective biofortification of rice grain with Zn. This practice consistently and significantly contributed to increases in grain Zn of rice irrespective of cultivars, environmental conditions and management practices in 5 different countries.
This article presents a numerical study of inclined pneumatic conveying using the combination of the discrete element model (DEM) for the particles and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the gas. ...In the numerical model, periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) are applied to both gas and particles in the conveying direction for computational efficiency. The validity of the model is first examined by comparing the calculated and measured results in terms of solids flow rate and gas pressure drop during pneumatic conveying with a pipeline inclination angle varying from 0° to 90°. On this basis, the effects of inclination angle, solids flow rate, and gas velocity on gas pressure are quantified. The contributions of different forces including the particle–wall friction force, particle gravitational force, and fluid–wall friction force to the pressure drop are examined. Finally, the energy dissipation as a result of interactions between particles, between particles and wall, between particles and fluid, between fluids, and between fluid and wall is studied in detail. The results show that the energy loss during steady-state inclined pneumatic conveying can mainly be attributed to particle–fluid energy dissipation, gravitational potential energy, particle–wall friction energy dissipation, and fluid–wall viscous energy dissipation. These energy dissipations vary significantly with inclination angle and flow regime.
A series of rare earth compound nanotubes, including hydroxides, oxides, oxysulfides, and hydroxyfluorides, have been synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method. Owing to their excellent ...hydrophilicity, the nanotubes can be easily functionalized, and should offer new opportunities in areas such as optoelectronic and nanoscale devices, low dimensional physics and material science, molecular catalysts, and biological technology.
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