Příspěvek stručně informuje o studijních možnostech se zaměřením na oblast volného času na FTK UP v Olomouci. Vychází z teoretických východisek výchovy pro volný čas a ve volném čase. Autorka ...popisuje pojetí přípravy odborníků na konkrétní vysoké škole.
Avoidance behaviour test with the earthworms (ISO 17512-1:2008) is a rapid screening test for the evaluation of soil and the influence of pollutants and chemicals on the behaviour of earthworms. The ...purpose of the testing is to determine the avoidance behaviour of earthworm (in this case Eisenia andrei was used) which can be used as an organism for the composting and occur naturally in soil environment. The methodology was modified according to the needs of the avoidance behaviour testing of earthworms in biodegradable plastic environment. It is a biodegradable thermoplastic material Mater-Bi, which is produced from corn starch. Californian earthworm (Eisenia andrei) was chosen as a test organism. The two-chamber test was used in testing. 10 earthworms were used, which were exposed to a number of concentrations of the test substance, which was mixed into the compost environment. It was recorded both a positive result, avoidance reaction, as well as a negative result, non-avoidance reaction and also there was a case, where individuals prefer both substrates equally. Organisms showed no escape reaction and were fairly evenly distributed in both halves of the test vessel, it can be assessed that organisms prefer both substrates equally. In testing, the mortality was zero, none of the individuals died, at the conclusion of the test there were not found any dead individuals. Avoidance higher than 80 % didn’t occur; it cannot be said that the substrate is toxic or degraded.
SuperAging is one of the current concepts related to elite, resilient or high-functioning cognitive aging. The main aim of our study was to find possible predictors of SuperAgers (SA).
...Community-dwelling older persons (N = 96) aged 80-101 years in 2018 were repeatedly tested (year 2012 and 2018). SA were defined based on their performance in 2018 as persons of 80+ years of age who recalled ≥ 9 words in the delayed recall of the Philadelphia Verbal Learning Test, and had a normal performance in non-memory tasks the Boston Naming Test, the Trail Making Test Part B, and Category Fluency ("Animals"), which was defined as a score within or above one standard deviation from the age and education appropriate average. Three composite scores (CS; immediate memory, processing speed, and executive functions) were created from the performance in 2012, and analysed as possible predictors of SA status in 2018.
We identified 19 SA (15 females) and 77 nonSA (42 females), groups did not significantly differ in age, years of education, and sex. The logistic regression model (p = 0.028) revealed three predictors of SA from the baseline (year 2012), including processing speed (p = 0.006; CS-speed: the Prague Stroop Test-Dots and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test), sex (p = 0.015), and age (p = 0.045).
Thus, SA may be predicted based on the level of processing speed, which supports the hypothesis of the processing speed theory of healthy aging.
The effect of valproic acid (VA) on protein expression in human T-lymphocytic leukemia cells MOLT-4 was studied. VA is an inhibitor of histonedeacetylases and has a potential use as antitumor agent ...in leukemia treatment. The authors in this work prove that 4 h long incubation with 2 mmol/l VA causes phosphorylation of histone H2A.X and its colocalization with 53BP1 in nuclear foci. Their co-localization is typical for DSB signaling machinery. These foci were detected in cells after 4 h exposure without increase of Annexin V positive apoptotic cells. Slight increase in apoptosis (Annexin V positivity) after 24 h is accompanied by more intensive increase in phosphorylation of H2A.X and also by formation of nuclear foci containing γH2A.X and 53BP1. Treatment of cells with 2 mmol/l VA resulted in induction of apoptosis affecting about 30% of cells after incubation for 72 h. The changes in protein expression were examined after cell incubation with 2 mmol/l VA for 4 h. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis and quantified using image evaluation system. Those exhibiting significant VA-induced abundance alterations were identified by mass spectrometry. Changes in expression of 22 proteins were detected, of which 15 proteins were down-regulated. Proteomic analysis resulted in successful identification of three proteins involving alfa-tubulin 3, tubulin-specific chaperone and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucloprotein F. Expression of seven proteins was up-regulated, including heterogeneous nuclear ribonucloprotein A/B. Identified proteins are related to microtubular system and hnRNP family. Suppression of microtubular proteins and changes of balance among hnRNPs can contribute to proliferation arrest and apoptosis induction.
This thesis deals with the issue of ectopic pregnancy. The first chapter defines the concept of ectopic pregnancy and its various types. The following sections examines the incidence of ectopic ...pregnancy and its etiopathogenesis. A large part is devoted to risk factors and further focuses on the most important of them. Attention is paid to establishing a diagnosis - history with a description of possible symptoms, findings on gynecological examination, ultrasound diagnostics, laboratory and laparoscopic techniques. This is followed by a description of the differential diagnosis and possible complications which can be caused by ectopic pregnancy. Part of the text concentrates on the management and therapy with greater emphasis on medical treatment, which is used in some indications in developed countries as an alternative to laparoscopy. The penultimate chapter deals in detail with a rare type of ectopic pregnancy. The conclusion proposes a possible method of prevention.
The increasing use of plastics in our modern society, which are used in many sectors of a human activity, caused the need of material development which will be friendly to the environment, so the ...topic of the thesis is aimed at this area and deals with the degradability of plastics in aerobic and anaerobic environment. The main aim of this work is to verify the possibility of degradation of biodegradable plastics made from material known as the brand name Mater - Bi, which is a mixture of the bioplastic that is made from maize starch, in the condition of aerobic and anaerobic environment. Testing of the plastics biodegradability consists of the test series in laboratory and pilot and operational tests. All tests were chosen with regard to the plastic cycle in the environment, its distribution possibilities and potential impact on the environment. In laboratory tests disintegration of the test material in terms of the composting process, assessing of the earthworms escape behaviour, germination of lettuce or black soldier living conditions in the environment with degradable plastics and assessing the process of anaerobic fermentation with the degradable plastics are evaluated. In the pilot tests are examined conditions of the domestic composting in the small piles and operational tests include testing of the plastic material in the composting process at the composting plant. In the first part of the thesis are defined theoretical knowledge of plastics and their degradation, aerobic process of composting and anaerobic fermentation. The second part focuses on the description of the experiments and their methodology. In the final part of the thesis the test results are evaluated and assessed and with respect to the obtained knowledge the design and development of the methodology for the plastic use and recommendations for practice are described.
Univerzita Karlova Farmaceutická fakulta Katedra biochemických věd EFFECT OF VALPROIC ACID (VA) ON CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF PROTEINS OF HUMAN T-LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA CELL LINE MOLT-4 Valproic acid (VA) ...is histondeacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) and it leads to inhibition in proliferation and apoptosis induction during incubation with leukemia cells. The aim of our article was to determine the changes in expression of proteins after incubation leukemia cells with VA. After 4-hours-long incubation of MOLT-4 cells with 2 and 4 mmol/l VA, the nuclear extracts from MOLT-4 cells were used to detection of changes in levels of proteins. The nuclear extracts were separated for first dimension-IEF in immobilized pH 4-7 gradient. Immediately after being focused, the proteins were separated for electophoretic way in the second dimension, 9-16% gradient DS was used. Proteins separated by 2D electrophoresis were visualized by silver staining , and silver-stained gels were digitized using a laser personal densitometer. Protein maps were quantified using a Melanie 3 software package. Proteins were identified by MALDI mass spectrometer. The finding protein process was finished by using ProFound and PeptIdent programs. Identification process of protein spots exhibiting significant abundance alterations induced by VA help to...
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