The Amazonian Rubiaceae species Uncaria guianensis (UG) is locally used as antiinflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-ulcers, and others. The phenolic content of its leaves is characterized by ...the great predominance of the flavonoid kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin). The present study quantitatively evaluates the kaempferitrin content in the leaves and branches of cultivated and wild UG specimens collected in different locations of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest by employing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Besides, the understanding of the polyphenol profile performed by electron spray ionization is deepened by tandem mass spectrometry analysis (ESI-MS/MS), using a previously approached leaf UG extract, and the flavonoid quercetin-3,7-O-(α)-L-dirhamnoside was first isolated from UG. All samples showed quite similar qualitative polyphenol profiles. Kaempferitrin in UG ranged from 1.1 to 1.9 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of adult wild plants, 0.3 to 0.7 mg 100 mg-1 for dry leaves of cultivated young plants and 0.00 to 0.04 mg 100 mg-1 for dry branches of adult wild plants. Besides suggesting the distribution of kaempferitrin in the species, these results reinforce this flavonol as a suitable chemical marker for UG leaves and the products derived from them.
This work reports the nutritional potential and the antiradical activity of the cladodes of the Brazilian
Opuntia monacantha Haw. (Cactaceae), as well the isolation of kaempferol and isorhamnetin ...through activity-guided fractionation from its active MeOH extract. TLC, HPLC-DAD and NMR techniques were used to detect and identify the compounds. The water (91.1%), ash, protein, fibre and lipid contents (15.0, 5.4, 18.5 and 1.4
g/100
g, respectively) were shown to be quite similar to the mean values of other
Opuntia spp., some widely used as food and forage. The antioxidant activity of their MeOH extract and of its
n-hexane, EtOAc and
n-BuOH fractions was assessed by measuring the ability of the fractions to scavenge DPPH radical, showing an activity enhancement for the fractions in comparison to the crude MeOH extract. The well-known free-radical scavenging activity of the isolated flavonoids reinforces the contribution of these compounds to the presented activity of the
O. monacantha cladodes.
Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC. and U. guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel., known as cat's claw, are large woody vines native to the Amazonian and Central American rainforests. The species contain, in different ...proportions, indole and oxindole alkaloids, triterpenoid glycosides, sterols and proanthocyanidins. U. tomentosa can be chemically identified by its oxindole alkaloid profile and content, whereas U. guianensis has no satisfactorily established chemical markers. This work describes, for the first time, the isolation of kaempferol-3,7-O-(α)-dirhamnoside (kaempferitrin) in Uncaria species. Screening for this compound in leaves, stems or bark of both species through TLC and HPLC-DAD-MS showed the presence of kaempferitrin only in the leaves and stems of U. guianensis, at a ratio almost thirty six times greater in the leaves than in the stems. These results reveal the selectivity of U. guianensis to produce this bioactive flavonoid glycoside, and suggest this compound as a potential chemical marker for the species.
Na produção de mudas de espécies florestais há vários fatores que influenciam no seu crescimento. Dentre estes, um dos mais importantes é a composição do substrato. Nesse sentido, é essencial a ...seleção de bons constituintes que atendam a essa demanda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla, Peltophorum dubium e Eremanthus erythropappus, produzidas em diferentes formulações de substratos. Para cada espécie, foi instalado e conduzido um experimento, utilizando-se nas formulações os constituintes casca de arroz compostada, casca de café compostada, fibra de coco e substrato comercial. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), constituídos por oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 20 mudas por parcela. Para avaliação da qualidade das mudas, aos 120 dias foram mensuradas as variáveis altura, diâmetro do coleto, peso de matéria seca da parte aérea, peso de matéria seca do sistema radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Como análises qualitativas, foram avaliadas a facilidade de retirada das mudas do tubete e a agregação das raízes ao substrato. Os resultados encontrados após a avaliação atestaram que as mudas produzidas nos tratamentos formulados com casca de café compostada apresentaram valores superiores para a maioria das variáveis analisadas, quando comparado com as mudas produzidas nos tratamentos formulados com a casca de arroz e na testemunha. Para as três espécies, indica-se a utilização da proporção de 40% de casca de café compostada com 40% de substrato comercial e 20% de fibra de coco para composição do substrato.
Na produção de mudas de espécies florestais há vários fatores que influenciam no seu crescimento. Dentre estes, um dos mais importantes é a composição do substrato. Nesse sentido, é essencial a ...seleção de bons constituintes que atendam a essa demanda. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial de mudas de Eucalyptus urophylla, Peltophorum dubium e Eremanthus erythropappus, produzidas em diferentes formulações de substratos. Para cada espécie, foi instalado e conduzido um experimento, utilizando-se nas formulações os constituintes casca de arroz compostada, casca de café compostada, fibra de coco e substrato comercial. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), constituídos por oito tratamentos, cinco repetições e 20 mudas por parcela. Para avaliação da qualidade das mudas, aos 120 dias foram mensuradas as variáveis altura, diâmetro do coleto, peso de matéria seca da parte aérea, peso de matéria seca do sistema radicular e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Como análises qualitativas, foram avaliadas a facilidade de retirada das mudas do tubete e a agregação das raízes ao substrato. Os resultados encontrados após a avaliação atestaram que as mudas produzidas nos tratamentos formulados com casca de café compostada apresentaram valores superiores para a maioria das variáveis analisadas, quando comparado com as mudas produzidas nos tratamentos formulados com a casca de arroz e na testemunha. Para as três espécies, indica-se a utilização da proporção de 40% de casca de café compostada com 40% de substrato comercial e 20% de fibra de coco para composição do substrato. Palavras-chave: Crescimento inicial; Composto orgânico; Materiais alternativos; Propagação de plantas In the production of forest species seedlings there are several factors that influence their growth. Among these, one of the most important is the composition of the substrate. In this sense, it is essential to select good constituents that meet this demand. The objective of this work was to evaluate the initial growth of seedlings of Eucalyptus urophylla, Peltophorum dubium and Eremanthus erythropappus, produced in different substrate formulations. For each species, an experiment was installed and conducted, using composted rice husk, composted coffee husk, coconut fiber and commercial substrate in the formulations. The experiments were installed in a completely randomized design (DIC), consisting of eight treatments, five replications and 20 seedlings per plot. To evaluate the quality of seedlings, at 120 days the variables height, stem diameter, dry matter weight of the aerial part, dry matter weight of the root system and Dickson's quality index were measured. As qualitative analyzes, the ease of removing seedlings from the tube and the aggregation of roots to the substrate were evaluated. The results found after the evaluation attested that the seedlings produced in the treatments formulated with composted coffee husk presented higher values for most of the analyzed variables, when compared with the seedlings produced in the treatments formulated with the rice husk and in the control. For the three species, the use of the proportion of 40% of coffee husk composted with 40% of commercial substrate and 20% of coconut fiber for the composition of the substrate is indicated. Keywords: Initial growth; Organic compound; Alternative materials; Plant propagation
The agroecological zone model proposed by FAO (ZAE/FAO) is an important tool in agricultural planning and can be used in Jataí, which has been gaining space in the production of sugarcane. The ...objective of this study was to compare the observed meteorological databases (BDMEP) with the estimated ones (Xavier and NASA POWER), in the estimation of potential productivity (PP) and attainable (PA) of sugarcane and its penalties for management (PMJ) and water deficit (PDF), using the ZAE/FAO model in the municipality of Jataí - GO. To this end, the BDMEP, Xavier and NASA POWER database, 33 years old (1984-2017), were used. Using BDMEP, Xavier and NASA POWER as input in the ZAE model, we observed an average PP of 259±11, 275±10 and 267±11 Mg ha-1 as, respectively. PA reaches 200 Mg ha-1 when using BDMEP in ZAE, with 50% of the crop year with PA above 180 Mg ha-1. There was an average penalty of 114.01±6.9 for management and 85.67±4.08 Mg ha-1 in stem yield. The meteorological variables of Xavier's database can be used in the ZAE model in the prediction of productivity penalty for water deficit and sugarcane management, with 63% and 88% adjustment to BDMEP, respectively. NASA POWER can be used in the simulation of penalty for failures in sugarcane management, with up to 87% approximation of those observed. Both sources when used in the prediction model assist in agricultural planning.
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