Chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention is a complex procedure and is associated with considerable risk of complications. Several success and complication scores have been ...developed; however, data regarding their external validation in other populations such as Latin America are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the main predictors of success and complications in a broad cohort of procedures in the Latin American (LATAM) CTO registry. From April 2008 to December 2023, 3,706 consecutive procedures listed in the LATAM CTO registry were screened. Of these, 2,835 procedures had sufficient information to analyze the Multicenter CTO Registry in Japan (J-CTO); Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention (PROGRESS); Ostial location, Rentrop grade, and Age (ORA); Clinical and Lesion-related Score (CL-score); and EuroCTO Score (CASTLE) success scores. The complication scores were PROGRESS (MACE, mortality, and pericardiocentesis) and Outcomes, Patient health status, and Efficiency iN Chronic Total Occlusion hybrid procedures (OPEN-CTO),OPEN-CLEAN. The J-CTO and CASTLE scores demonstrated the highest areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.718 and 0.703, respectively. The AUC value for the CL-score was 0.685, whereas the PROGRESS score had an AUC of 0.598 and the ORA AUC was 0.545. The level of agreement between scores was low; only 4% of the procedures were classified as difficult or very difficult by all scores and <1% were classified as easy by all 5 scores. Of the complication scores, PROGRESS mortality (AUC 0.651) and PROGRESS MACE (AUC 0.588) showed the best performance, identifying groups with >10% event rate. These results may improve the selection of revascularization techniques, especially for patient demographics that are historically underrepresented in CTO research.
This study evaluated the effect of exposure to either a chronic variable stress (CVS) protocol or social isolation, as well as treadmill exercise training, in the habituation of the cardiovascular ...response upon repeated exposure to restraint stress in rats. The habituation of the corticosterone response to repeated restraint stress was also evaluated. For this, animals were subjected to either acute or 10 daily sessions of 60 min of restraint stress. CVS and social isolation protocols lasted for 10 consecutive days, whereas treadmill training was performed for 1 h per day, 5 days per week for 8 weeks. We observed that the increase in serum corticosterone was reduced during both the stress and the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. Habituation of the cardiovascular response was identified in terms of a faster return of heart rate to baseline values during the recovery period of the 10th session of restraint. The increase in blood pressure and the decrease in tail skin temperature were similar at the 1st and 10th session of restraint. Exposure to CVS, social isolation or treadmill exercise training inhibited the habituation of the restraint-evoked tachycardia. Additionally, CVS increased the blood pressure response at the 10th session of restraint, whereas social isolation enhanced both the tachycardia during the first session and the drop in skin temperature at the 10th session of restraint. Taken together, these findings provide new evidence that pathologies evoked by stress might be related to impairment in the habituation process to homotypic stressors.
Tidal forces in Reissner–Nordström spacetimes Crispino, Luís C. B.; Higuchi, Atsushi; Oliveira, Leandro A. ...
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
03/2016, Letnik:
76, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We analyze the tidal forces produced in the spacetime of Reissner–Nordström black holes. We point out that the radial component of the tidal force changes sign just outside the event horizon if the ...charge-to-mass ratio is close to 1, unlike in Schwarzschild spacetime of uncharged black holes, and that the angular component changes sign between the outer and inner horizons. We solve the geodesic deviation equations for radially falling bodies toward the charged black hole. We find, for example, that the radial component of the geodesic deviation vector starts decreasing inside the event horizon unlike in the Schwarzschild case.
Bottom-up mechanochemical synthesis (BUMS) has been demonstrated to be an efficient approach for the preparation of metal nanoparticles (NPs), protected by surface agents or anchored on solid ...supports. However, there are limitations, such as precise size and morphological control, due to a lack of knowledge about the mechanically induced processes of NP formation under milling. In this article, we further investigate the BUMS of AuNPs. Using SiO
2
as a solid support, we studied the effect of typical reducing agents, namely NaBH
4
,
l
-ascorbic acid, and hydroquinone (HQ), on the conversion of a Au
III
source. XANES showed that HQ is the strongest reducing agent under our experimental conditions, leading to the quantitative conversion of gold salt in a few minutes. Interestingly, even when HQ was used in sub-stoichiometric amounts, Au
III
could be reduced to ratios higher than 85% after two minutes of milling. Investigations into the byproducts by
1
H NMR and GC-FID/MS enabled the identification HQ regeneration and the formation of its derivatives. We mainly focused on benzoquinone (BQ), which is the product of the oxidation of HQ as it reduces the gold salt. We could demonstrate that HQ is regenerated from BQ exclusively under milling and acidic conditions. The regenerated HQ and other HQ-chlorinated molecules could then reduce gold-oxidized species, leading to higher conversions and economy of reactants. Our study highlights the intriguing and complex mechanisms of mechanochemical systems, in addition to fostering the atom and energy economy side of mechanochemical means to produce metal nanoparticles.
The hydroquinone reducing agent is regenerated during the mechanochemical reduction of gold salt to form metal nanoparticles, and it remains active in the chemical reduction process even when used in sub-stoichiometric conditions.
Gait Recognition Based on Deep Learning: A Survey Filipi Gonçalves dos Santos, Claudio; Oliveira, Diego de Souza; A. Passos, Leandro ...
ACM computing surveys,
03/2023, Letnik:
55, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In general, biometry-based control systems may not rely on individual expected behavior or cooperation to operate appropriately. Instead, such systems should be aware of malicious procedures for ...unauthorized access attempts. Some works available in the literature suggest addressing the problem through gait recognition approaches. Such methods aim at identifying human beings through intrinsic perceptible features, despite dressed clothes or accessories. Although the issue denotes a relatively long-time challenge, most of the techniques developed to handle the problem present several drawbacks related to feature extraction and low classification rates, among other issues. However, deep learning-based approaches recently emerged as a robust set of tools to deal with virtually any image and computer-vision-related problem, providing paramount results for gait recognition as well. Therefore, this work provides a surveyed compilation of recent works regarding biometric detection through gait recognition with a focus on deep learning approaches, emphasizing their benefits and exposing their weaknesses. Besides, it also presents categorized and characterized descriptions of the datasets, approaches, and architectures employed to tackle associated constraints.
Previous studies showed a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), especially the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subregions, in behavioral and physiological responses to stressful ...stimuli. Nevertheless, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this sense, previous studies identified cholinergic terminals within the mPFC, and stressful stimuli increased local acetylcholine release. Despite these pieces of evidence, the specific role of cholinergic neurotransmission in different subregions of the mPFC controlling the cardiovascular responses to stress has never been systematically evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of cholinergic neurotransmission present within PL and IL in cardiovascular responses to an acute session of restraint stress in rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of the choline uptake inhibitor hemicholinium-3 before exposure to restraint stress. The arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) increases and the decrease in tail skin temperature as an indirect measurement of sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction were recorded throughout the restraint stress session. The results showed that the depletion of acetylcholine within the PL caused by local microinjection of hemicholinium-3 decreased the tachycardia to restraint stress, but without affecting the pressor response and the drop in tail skin temperature. Conversely, IL treatment with hemicholinium-3 decreased the restraint-evoked pressor response and the sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction without interfering with the HR response. Taken together, these results indicate functional differences of cholinergic neurotransmission within the PL and IL in control of cardiovascular and autonomic responses to stressful stimuli.
•PL and IL cholinergic neurotransmission mediates stress cardiovascular responses.•Pressor response to restraint is mediated by IL cholinergic neurotransmission.•Drop in skin temperature is also mediated by IL cholinergic neurotransmission.•PL cholinergic neurotransmission is involved in expression of tachycardia to restraint.
The co-inoculation of soybean with
and other plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is considered a promising technology. However, there has been little quantitative analysis of the effects of ...this technique on yield variables. In this context, the present study aiming to provide a quantification of the effects of the co-inoculation of
and PGPR on the soybean crop using a meta-analysis approach.
A total of 42 published articles were examined, all of which considered the effects of co-inoculation of PGPR and
on the number of nodules, nodule biomass, root biomass, shoot biomass, shoot nitrogen content, and grain yield of soybean. We also determined whether the genus of the PGPR used as co-inoculant, as well as the experimental conditions, altered the effect size of the PGPR.
The co-inoculation technology resulted in a significant increase in nodule number (11.40%), nodule biomass (6.47%), root biomass (12.84%), and shoot biomass (6.53%). Despite these positive results, no significant increase was observed in shoot nitrogen content and grain yield. The response of the co-inoculation varied according to the PGPR genus used as co-inoculant, as well as with the experimental conditions. In general, the genera
,
, and
were more effective than
. Overall, the observed increments were more pronounced under pot than that of field conditions. Collectively, this study summarize that co-inoculation improves plant development and increases nodulation, which may be important in overcoming nutritional limitations and potential stresses during the plant growth cycle, even though significant increases in grain yield have not been evidenced by this data meta-analysis.
Background
Guide catheter extensions (GCEs) increase support and facilitate equipment delivery, but aggressive instrumentation may be associated with a higher risk of complications.
Aim
Our aim was ...to assess the impact of GCEs on procedural success and complications in patients submitted to chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods
We analyzed data from the multicenter LATAM CTO Registry. Procedural success was defined as <30% residual stenosis and TIMI 3 distal flow. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was defined as the composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stroke. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare outcomes with and without GCE use.
Results
From August 2010 to August 2021, 3049 patients were included. GCEs were used in 438 patients (14.5%). In unadjusted analysis, patients in the GCE group were older and had more comorbidities. The median J‐CTO score and its components were higher in the GCE group. After PSM, procedural success was higher with GCE use (87.7% vs. 80.5%, p = 0.007). The incidence of coronary perforation (odds ratio OR: 1.46, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.78–2.71, p = 0.230), bleeding (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 0.41–2.41, p = 0.986), in‐hospital death (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 0.54–3.62, p = 0.495) and MACCE (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.52–2.19, p = 0.850) were similar in both groups.
Conclusion
In a contemporary, multicenter cohort of patients undergoing CTO PCI, GCEs were used in older patients, with more comorbidities and complex anatomy. After PSM, GCE use was associated with higher procedural success, and similar incidence of adverse outcomes.
•Microelectrochemical characterization of the electrochemical activity on welded zones in FSW 2098-T351 Al-Cu-Li alloy.•Imaging of galvanic coupling effects and local electrochemical activity on ...welded zones using amperometric and potentiometric probes.•Galvanic interactions within and between the coupled welded zones were visualized by SVET and SECM analyses.•Pt and Sb/Sb2O3 probes used to map reactive sites developed on the coupled welding joint/heat affected zones (WJ/HAZ).•Spatially-resolved images of anodic and cathodic sites associated with oxygen consumption and local pH changes were monitored and studied.
Localized electrochemical methods supported by surface analytical characterizations were employed to investigate galvanic coupling effects and local electrochemical activity developed along the welded zones in Friction Stir Welded 2098-T351 Al-Cu-Li alloy. The investigation was carried out in the coupled weld joint/heat affected zones (WJ/HAZ) for both, the retreating (RS) and the advancing (AS) sides. The correlation between the surface chemistry, the microstructural characteristics and the electrochemical activity of these welded areas was studied. The results showed the development of galvanic interactions within and between the WJ and HAZ regions, which were imaged using the scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). SVET analyses showed that HAZ was more susceptible to the development of anodic sites than WJ. SECM in amperometric operation mode showed that WJ coupled to HAZ exhibited higher oxygen consumption and higher cathodic activity compared to HAZ. Furthermore, SECM in potentiometric operation showed alkalinization around WJ and increased acidity in HAZ, mainly at sites of severe localized corrosion (SLC). Based on the SVET and SECM results in combination with the surface analyses, it is proposed that the microgalvanic cells formed within these welded zones are due to the presence of secondary phases in the 2098-T351 alloy and their interactions with the adjacent matrix.
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