The experimental findings reported in our original paper de Sangro et al. (Eur. Phys. J. C 75:137,
2015
) have been criticized in Shabad (Eur. Phys. J. C 76:508,
2016
). We believe that the arguments ...brought in Shabad (Eur. Phys. J. C 76:508,
2016
) are not correct and we show evidence for this.
Measuring propagation speed of Coulomb fields de Sangro, R.; Finocchiaro, G.; Patteri, P. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
03/2015, Letnik:
75, Številka:
3
Journal Article
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The problem of gravity propagation has been subject of discussion for quite a long time: Newton, Laplace and, in relatively more modern times, Eddington pointed out that, if gravity propagated with ...finite velocity, planet motion around the sun would become unstable due to a torque originating from time lag of the gravitational interactions. Such an odd behavior can be found also in electromagnetism, when one computes the propagation of the electric fields generated by a set of uniformly moving charges. As a matter of fact the Liénard–Weichert retarded potential leads to the same formula as the one obtained assuming that the electric field propagate with infinite velocity. The Feynman explanation for this apparent paradox was based on the fact that uniform motions last indefinitely. To verify such an explanation, we performed an experiment to measure the time/space evolution of the electric field generated by an uniformly moving electron beam. The results we obtain, on a finite lifetime kinematical state, are compatible with an electric field rigidly carried by the beam itself.
A search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decay B+→ K+νν is performed at the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. The data sample corresponds to ...an integrated luminosity of 63 fb−1 collected at the Υ(4S) resonance and a sample of 9 fb−1 collected at an energy 60 MeV below the resonance. Because the measurable decay signature involves only a single charged kaon, a novel measurement approach is used that exploits not only the properties of the B+ → K+νν decay, but also the inclusive properties of the other B meson in the Υ(4S) → BB event, to suppress the background from other B meson decays and light-quark pair production. This inclusive tagging approach offers a higher signal efficiency compared to previous searches. No significant signal is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of B+ → K+νν of 4.1 × 10−5 is set at the 90% confidence level.
First measurements of beam backgrounds at SuperKEKB Lewis, P.M.; Jaegle, I.; Nakayama, H. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
01/2019, Letnik:
914
Journal Article
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The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron–positron collider is expected to result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgrounds in the interaction region. Properly simulating and ...mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle II experiment. We report on measurements performed with a suite of dedicated beam background detectors, collectively known as BEAST II, during the so-called Phase 1 commissioning run of SuperKEKB in 2016, which involved operation of both the high energy ring (HER) of 7 GeV electrons as well as the low energy ring (LER) of 4 GeV positrons. We describe the BEAST II detector systems, the simulation of beam backgrounds, and the measurements performed. The measurements include standard ones of dose rates versus accelerator conditions, and more novel investigations, such as bunch-by-bunch measurements of injection backgrounds and measurements sensitive to the energy spectrum and angular distribution of fast neutrons. We observe beam–gas, Touschek, beam–dust, and injection backgrounds. As there is no final focus of the beams in Phase 1, we do not observe significant synchrotron radiation, as expected. Measured LER beam–gas backgrounds and Touschek backgrounds in both rings are slightly elevated, on average three times larger than the levels predicted by simulation. HER beam–gas backgrounds are on average two orders of magnitude larger than predicted. Systematic uncertainties and channel-to-channel variations are large, so that these excesses constitute only 1–2 sigma level effects. Neutron background rates are higher than predicted and should be studied further. We will measure the remaining beam background processes, due to colliding beams, in the imminent commissioning Phase 2. These backgrounds are expected to be the most critical for Belle II, to the point of necessitating replacement of detector components during the Phase 3 (full-luminosity) operation of SuperKEB.
In planetary systems the problem arises whether gravity attracting the planets towards the central star has an instantaneous action or propagates with finite velocity. Laplace noticed that, if ...gravity propagated with finite velocity, planets motion would become unstable due to a torque originating from time lag of the gravitational interactions. Given that actions describing gravitational interaction are formally the same as that describing electrostatic interactions, we have performed an experiment meant to measure the time/space evolution of the electric field generated by an uniformly moving set of electrons. The results we obtain seem compatible with an electric field rigidly carried by the beam itself.
A search for the flavor-changing neutral-current decay B+ →K+$ν\bar{ν}$ is performed at the Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB asymmetric energy electron-positron collider. The data sample ...corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 63 fb-1 collected at the Υ (4S) resonance and a sample of 9 fb-1 collected at an energy 60 MeV below the resonance. Because the measurable decay signature involves only a single charged kaon, a novel measurement approach is used that exploits not only the properties of the B+ →K+$ν\bar{ν}$ decay, but also the inclusive properties of the other B meson in the Υ(4S) $B\bar{B}$ event, to suppress the background from other B meson decays and light-quark pair production. This inclusive tagging approach offers a higher signal efficiency compared to previous searches. No significant signal is observed. An upper limit on the branching fraction of B+ →K+$ν\bar{ν}$ of 4.1 × 10-5 is set at the 90% confidence level.
The Physics of the B Factories Bevan, Adrian; Golob, Bostjan; Mannel, Thomas ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
March 2015, Letnik:
74, Številka:
11
eBook, Journal Article
Recenzirano
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This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related ...issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C.
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