Ultraprocessed food consumption has increased in the past decade. Evidence suggests a positive association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the incidence of overweight and obesity. ...However, few prospective studies to our knowledge have investigated this potential relation in adults.
We evaluated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and the risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective Spanish cohort, the SUN (University of Navarra Follow-Up) study.
We included 8451 middle-aged Spanish university graduates who were initially not overweight or obese and followed up for a median of 8.9 y. The consumption of ultraprocessed foods (defined as food and drink products ready to eat, drink, or heat and made predominantly or entirely from processed items extracted or refined from whole foods or synthesized in the laboratory) was assessed with the use of a validated semiquantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95% CIs for incident overweight and obesity.
A total of 1939 incident cases of overweight and obesity were identified during follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of ultraprocessed food consumption were at a higher risk of developing overweight or obesity (adjusted HR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.45; P-trend = 0.001) than those in the lowest quartile of consumption.
Ultraprocessed food consumption was associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity in a prospective cohort of Spanish middle-aged adult university graduates. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our results. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02669602.
Reproducibility of an FFQ validated in Spain de la Fuente-Arrillaga, Carmen; Vázquez Ruiz, Zenaida; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira ...
Public health nutrition,
09/2010, Letnik:
13, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
To evaluate the reproducibility of a semi-quantitative FFQ used in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) project.
The data that were analysed were collected from an FFQ answered twice by a ...326-participant subsample of the SUN project (115 men, 35.3 %; 211 women, 64.7 %), with either less than 1 year or more than 1 year between responses. The questionnaire included 136 items. Pearson correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to evaluate the magnitude of the association between both measures after energy adjustment and correcting for within-person variability. We also evaluated misclassification by quintiles distribution.
The highest corrected correlations among participants who answered before 1 year were found for PUFA (r = 0.99). Among participants who answered after 1 year between both questionnaires, olive oil had the highest corrected correlation (r = 0.99). The highest percentage of gross misclassification, lowest quintile in FFQ1 and highest quintile in FFQ2 or highest quintile in FFQ1 and lowest quintile in FFQ2 was for cereals, fish or seafood, and n-3 fatty acids (7.6 %). Alcoholic drinks had the highest percentage of reasonable classification, same or adjacent quintile, in FFQ1 and FFQ2 (86.4 %).
Our study suggests that FFQ reproducibility is acceptable for participants who answered the same questionnaire twice less than 1 year apart. Participants who answered FFQ more than 1 year apart showed worse values on reproducibility. We consider this Spanish FFQ as an important, valid and reproducible tool in nutritional epidemiology.
Tobacco and alcohol co‐use are two major lifestyle modifiable risk factors. Understanding the determinants of both behaviors helps to develop interventions to prevent these exposures. However, ...previous studies have focused on predictors of individual tobacco or alcohol use. This study aims to explore the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use among Spanish university graduates from the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort study. A total of 7175 participants who were co‐users of tobacco and alcohol were selected for this cross‐sectional analysis. Their mean age was 39.1 years (12.04 SD) and 57.3% were women. Univariate regression models were used to select the potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use, and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to create a predictive model. Baseline potential predictors included sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, and perceived personality aspects. In the multivariable model, the main significant potential predictors of tobacco and alcohol co‐use were driving under the influence of alcohol (odds ratio OR = 1.65 1.43–1.90), drinking 1–2 cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.50 1.24–1.84), drinking three or more cups of coffee daily (OR = 1.61 1.35–1.91), and doing more physical activity than recommended (OR = 1.18 1.02–1.34) when compared with the reference group. Conversely, those who were married (OR = 0.87 0.75–0.99, ate at home 7 days a week (OR = 0.69 0.60–0.80), or had a high perceived level of competitiveness (OR = 0.83 0.72–0.95) had a lower risk of co‐use (AUC 0.61 confidence interval 95% 0.59–0.63), compared to the reference group. These results could be used by healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to effectively assess patients at higher risk of tobacco and alcohol co‐use. Correction added on 16 February 2024, after first online publication: The section has been revised to provide more clarity in this version.
The impact of various lifestyles on psychological well-being (PWB) remains under-studied. We aimed to explore the cross-sectional association between daily screen use (television, tablet and mobile ...phone) and PWB within the SUN cohort.
PWB was assessed using the 29-item Ryff scale (ranging from 29 to 174), and participants with scores >75th percentile were considered as having optimal PWB. Participants were categorized based on their self-reported weekly screen usage hours. Postestimation logistic regression models assessing the prevalence likelihood of not achieving optimal PWB were adjusted for sociodemographic, psychological, personality and lifestyles factors. Isotemporal substitution models explored the potential impact on PWB resulting from replacing 1 h/day of screen time with 1 h/day of exercise.
The study included 3051 participants (55.8% women, mean age 57.3 ± 11.1 years, mean Ryff's score: 139.1 ± 17.4 points). Daily screen use for ≥2 h was associated with a higher prevalence likelihood of not achieving an optimal PWB (Prevalence Ratio PR:1.09; 95% CI:1.01–1.18). Among PWB dimensions, screen use ≥2 h/day was linked to an increased likelihood of not achieving optimal scores in environmental mastery (PR:1.11; 95% CI:1.02–1.20), life purpose (PR:1.10; 95% CI:1.02–1.18), and personal growth (PR:1.09; 95% CI:1.01–1.18). Replacing 1 h of daily screens time with 1 h of exercise may lead to potential improvements in environmental mastery (Odds Ratio OR:0.87; 95% CI:0.76–0.99), purpose in life (OR:0.86; 95% CI: 0.76–0.98), personal growth (OR:0.84; 95% CI:0.73–0.96) and positive interpersonal relationships (OR:0.86; 95% CI:0.75–0.99).
These findings highlight the importance of reducing screen use activities and increasing physical exercise for achieving optimal PWB.
•Excessive daily screen use (≥2 h) is significantly associated to lower psychological well being.•Excessive screen use negatively impacts environmental mastery, purpose in life and personal growth.•Swap screens for physical activity to boost psychological well-being.
Dietary quality indices (DQI) are widely used in nutritional epidemiology. However, how they might change over time in a Mediterranean population is not well understood.
To evaluate ...within-participant longitudinal changes in scores for nine a priori–defined DQIs: Fat Quality Index (FQI), Carbohydrate Quality Index (CQI), Pro-vegetarian Dietary Pattern (PVG), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet (MIND), Prime Diet Quality Score (PDQS) and Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort, a well-known Mediterranean cohort of university graduates, and to identify baseline predictors of improvement in MEDAS and AHEI-2010 after 10 years of follow-up.
In this longitudinal cohort study, DQI scores were calculated based on responses from a validated semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Spanish university graduates enrolled in the SUN cohort before March 2008, who completed the 10-year FFQ and reported total dietary intake at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up, included 2,244 men and 3,271 women, whose mean age at baseline was 36.3 years (standard deviation SD, 10.7).
Main outcome measures were within-participant longitudinal changes for FQI, CQI, PVG, MEDAS, MDS, DASH, MIND, PDQS, and AHEI-2010.
Adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate within-participant longitudinal changes and to identify baseline predictors of improvements ≥10% in MEDAS and AHEI-2010 scores after 10 years of follow-up.
The comparison of the nine scores of DQI calculated at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up showed an improvement in all DQI scores except for PDQS. The greatest changes in DQIs were found for MEDAS (from 6.2 to 7.2, +22.9%) and MDS (from 4.3 to 4.4, +15.4%). The strongest predictors at baseline for ≥10% improvements in MEDAS or AHEI-2010 scores varied across indices. Being female, ≥35 years old, and more physically active at baseline were associated with improvement, whereas snacking between meals was associated with <10% improvements in both indices.
In this cohort, the changes in nine a priori-defined DQI scores suggested modest improvements in diet quality, in which MEDAS and MDS scores showed the largest improvements. Additional longitudinal studies, especially intervention trials with long follow-up, are warranted to establish the most appropriate DQIs to assess long-term changes in diet quality in adult populations.
AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between consumption of ultra-processed foods and all cause mortality.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingSeguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) cohort ...of university graduates, Spain 1999-2018.Participants19 899 participants (12 113 women and 7786 men) aged 20-91 years followed-up every two years between December 1999 and February 2014 for food and drink consumption, classified according to the degree of processing by the NOVA classification, and evaluated through a validated 136 item food frequency questionnaire.Main outcome measureAssociation between consumption of energy adjusted ultra-processed foods categorised into quarters (low, low-medium, medium-high, and high consumption) and all cause mortality, using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models.Results335 deaths occurred during 200 432 persons years of follow-up. Participants in the highest quarter (high consumption) of ultra-processed foods consumption had a higher hazard for all cause mortality compared with those in the lowest quarter (multivariable adjusted hazard ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.13 to 2.33) with a significant dose-response relation (P for linear trend=0.005). For each additional serving of ultra-processed foods, all cause mortality relatively increased by 18% (adjusted hazard ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.33).ConclusionsA higher consumption of ultra-processed foods (>4 servings daily) was independently associated with a 62% relatively increased hazard for all cause mortality. For each additional serving of ultra-processed food, all cause mortality increased by 18%.Study registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT02669602.
The Mediterranean Dietary (MedDiet) Pattern has been linked to many beneficial health effects. This review summarizes the main findings of a prospective cohort study, the Seguimiento Universidad de ...Navarra (SUN) cohort, specifically focused on MedDiet and the risk of major chronic disease. It is an open cohort in which 22,786 Spanish university graduates have participated since 1999 until February 2018. Data on diet, lifestyle and clinical diagnosis are collected at baseline and every two years. After reviewing 21 publications from the SUN cohort on the effects of the MedDiet, we conclude that this cohort has provided good evidence that a high MedDiet adherence is associated with a reduced incidence of all-cause mortality, fatal and non-fatal major cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, weight gain, metabolic syndrome, depression, cognitive decline, and nephrolithiasis. An inverse dose-response relationship was found for many of these associations. The MedDiet was also associated with lower average heart rate, a mitigation of the harmful effects of overweight/obesity on the risk of CVD, and an attenuation of the effects of obesity on type 2 diabetes. A suggestion that the MedDiet may enhance fertility was also found.
Only one prospective study has analysed the relationship between the inflammatory properties of diet and risk of depression thus far. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the ...dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the incidence of depression. In a cohort study of 15 093 university graduates, participants completed a validated FFQ at baseline and after 10 years of follow-up. The DII was calculated based on the FFQ. Each of the twenty-eight nutrients or foods received a score based on findings from the peer-reviewed literature reporting on the relationships between diet and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α and C-reactive protein). Participants were classified as having depression if they reported a new clinical diagnosis of depression by a physician, antidepressant drugs, or both. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of depression according to quintiles of the DII. After a median 8·5 years of follow-up, we observed 1051 incident cases of depression. The HR for participants in the highest quintile of DII (strongly pro-inflammatory) was 1·47 (95 % CI 1·17, 1·85) compared with those in the bottom quintile, with a significant dose–response relationship (P
trend=0·01). In the subgroup analyses, the association between DII and depression was stronger among participants >55 years and among those with cardiometabolic comorbidities (HR 2·70; 95 % CI 1·22, 5·97 and HR 1·80; 95 % CI 1·27, 2·57, respectively). A pro-inflammatory diet was associated with a significantly higher risk of depression in a Mediterranean population. This association was stronger among older subjects and subjects with cardiometabolic diseases.
Egg consumption and dyslipidemia in a Mediterranean cohort Vazquez-Ruiz, Zenaida; De la Fuente-Arrillaga, Carmen; Bes-Rastrollo, Maira ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
01/2018, Letnik:
35, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the association between egg consumption and dyslipidemia in a Mediterranean cohort.
We followed-up 13,104 Spanish university graduates for a mean period of 8 ...years. Dietary habits at baseline were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Self-reported blood concentrations of total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides were evaluated according to categories of egg consumption after 6 and 8 years of follow-up. We also assessed the association between baseline egg consumption and the incidence of hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-c concentrations and hypertriglyceridemia during follow-up.
We observed a significant inverse association for intermediate levels of egg consumption (2 to 4 eggs/week vs. less than 1 egg/week) and hypertriglyceridemia with OR = 0.71 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.54 to 0.93, p < 0.05) in the multivariable-adjusted model. Using HDL-c values after 8-year follow-up, we found an association between higher egg consumption and lower HDL-c levels (p for trend = 0.02) with an adjusted difference of -4.01 mg/dl (-7.42 to -0.61) for > 4 vs. < 1 egg/week. Lower means of triglycerides were found in each of the three upper categories of egg consumption compared to the lowest category (< 1 egg/week) with significant results for some of these categories both after 6 and 8 year follow-up.
Our data do not support that higher egg consumption was associated with abnormal blood levels of total cholesterol or triglycerides; an inverse association with HDL-c as a quantitative variable was found only in one of our analyses.
PDF
