The history of antimicrobial humoral immunity usually focuses on the works of the German school at the end of the 19th century, born in the tradition of chemistry and disinfection. Starting from an ...old quarrel of priority about serotherapy between Emil von Behring (1854-1917) and the French physiologists Charles Richet (1850-1935) and Jules Héricourt (1850-1938), we first confirm that the latter stated the principle of serotherapy in 1888 and put it into practice before the seminal Behring's article in 1890, observing several adverse effects of this new immunotherapy. We also find that researchers who can be considered heirs of the French school of Physiology founded by Claude Bernard (1813-1878) also investigated the field of humoral immunity in the 1870-1880s. Maurice Raynaud (1834-1881), Auguste Chauveau (1827-1917), and eventually Charles Richet applied the experimental method of Claude Bernard to the young field of microbiology, illustrating a movement called by Jacques Léonard "physiologization of the pasteurism." However, the contribution of physiologists in this field started before Louis Pasteur, leading to the conclusion that physiologists and chemists synergistically contributed to the birth of bacteriology and immunology.
In Translating the World , Birgit Tautz provides a new narrative of German literary history in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Departing from dominant modes of thought regarding ...the nexus of literary and national imagination, she examines this intersection through the lens of Germany’s emerging global networks and how they were rendered in two very different German cities: Hamburg and Weimar.
German literary history has tended to employ a conceptual framework that emphasizes the nation or idealized citizenry; yet the experiences of readers in eighteenth-century German cities existed within the context of their local environments, in which daily life occurred and writers such as Lessing, Schiller, and Goethe worked. Hamburg, a flourishing literary city in the late eighteenth century, was eventually relegated to the margins of German historiography, while Weimar, then a small town with an insular worldview, would become mythologized for not only its literary history but its centrality in national German culture. By interrogating the histories of and texts associated with these cities, Tautz shows how literary styles and genres are born of local, rather than national, interaction with the world. Her examination of how texts intersect and interact reveals how they shape and transform the urban cultural landscape as they are translated and move throughout the world.
A fresh, elegant exploration of literary translation, discursive shifts, and global cultural changes, Translating the World is an exciting new story of eighteenth-century German culture and its relationship to expanding global networks that will especially interest scholars of comparative literature, German studies, and literary history.
We intend to discuss how the agriculture ministry’s reports considered the Brazilian 1850 Land Law’s effects, between 1873 and 1889. Our aim is propose another way of reading those documents, ...different from José Murilo de Carvalho’s approach. He used those reports for stating that the 1850 Law was created by the bureaucracy, but it had no effect due to the resistance of the slave owners. We disagree with him since those documents show that the ministers did not approve a strict application of this rule. The reports also show that the law was applied and used in different ways in each province.
Trata-se de refletir sobre a forma na qual os relatórios do Ministério de Agricultura, Comércio e Obras Públicas consideraram, entre os anos de 1874 e 1885, a aplicação da Lei de Terras de 1850. Pretende-se repensar a abordagem de José Murilo de Carvalho sobre estas fontes, discordando da sua concepção segundo a qual uma elite política teria promulgado esta norma e, por sua vez, os barões teriam vetado a referida norma na prática. Os relatórios podem ser utilizados para perceber uma hesitação entre os ministros quanto a uma aplicação rigorosa da norma jurídica. Eles também indicam que a aplicação da legislação não foi homogênea em todo o território.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, language and linguistic reflections were a central determinant of the discursive relationship between mathematics, physics, logic, and literature. The volume traces ...these constellations, examining linguistic, technical, and poetological texts to reveal the close connections between the language of literature, poetology, and scientific discourse.
Handbuch Sturm und Drang Luserke-Jaqui, Matthias; Geuen, Vanessa; Wille, Lisa
2017, 2017-02-06
eBook
Bis heute fehlt eine Gesamtschau über die Literaturgeschichte Sturm und Drang.Mit diesem Handbuch liegt erstmals eine umfassende Übersicht über das Themengebiet Sturm und Drang vor.Die Autorartikel ...berücksichtigen neben den bekannten Größen wie Goethe, Lenz oder Klinger auch die kleineren, nahezu vergessenen Autoren wie Wagner, Carbonnières, Füssli.Systematische Artikel u.a. zu den Themen Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Ästhetik- und Philosophiegeschichte, Musikgeschichte, Kunstgeschichte, Religionsgeschichte, Lyrikgeschichte etc. des Sturm und Drang erlauben eine kontextuelle Bedeutungssetzung. In zahlreichen und umfassenden Beiträgen werden die einzelnen Texte des Sturm und Drang vorgestellt und eine Neubewertung sorgfältig diskutiert. Die Artikel sind so aufgebaut, dass Forschungsdiskussion, literatur- und kulturgeschichtlicher Kontext und die Bedeutung für den Sturm und Drang klar zu erkennen sind. Drei umfassende Register bieten die Möglichkeit, gezielt auch kleinteilige Fragestellungen zu bearbeiten. Die Beiträgerinnen und Beiträger sind ausgewiesene Expertinnen und Experten auf ihrem Fachgebiet. Der Herausgeber ist einer der führenden Forscher des Sturm und Drang.
To evaluate clinical outcomes after implantation of a new diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with +3.00 addition power.
This is a retrospective, consecutive case series of ...cataract patients who underwent bilateral implantation of the Optiflex MO/HF D012 (Moss Vision Inc. Ltd, London, UK) multifocal IOL. Patients followed for 6mo were included in the study. Data on distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, refractive error manifest spherical equivalent (MSE), contrast sensitivity, adverse events, subjective symptoms, spectacle independence and patient satisfaction visual function questionnaire (VFQ)-25 questionnaire were retrieved from electronic medical records and analyzed.
Forty eyes of 20 patients with a mean age of 66.7±8.5y (range: 53-82) were included in the study. Mean uncorrected distance, near and intermediate visual acuity remained stable through postoperative visits and was 0.19±0.19 logMAR, Jaeger 4 and Jaeger 3 respectively at the 6mo visit. At the end of postoperative 6mo, MSE was -0.14±0.42 diopters (D) and 98% of the eyes were within 1.00 D of target refraction. Postoperative low contrast (10%) visual acuity remained stable (
=0.54) through follow up visits with a mean of 0.35±0.17 logMAR at the 6mo visit. There were no reported adverse events. None of the patients reported subjective symptoms of halo or glare. Spectacle independence rate was 90%. Mean VFQ-25 questionnaire score was 93.5±6.12.
The Optiflex MO/HF-DO12 IOL was safely implanted and successfully restored distance, intermediate and near visual acuity without impairing contrast sensitivity. High levels of spectacle independence were achieved at all distances including intermediate distance.
From the current vantage point of the transformation of books and libraries, B. Venkat Mani presents a historical account of world literature. By locating translation, publication, and circulation ...along routes of “bibliomigrancy,” Mani narrates how world literature is coded and recoded as literary works find new homes on faraway bookshelves. Mani argues that the proliferation of world literature in a society is the function of a nation’s relationship with print culture. Moving from early Orientalist collections, to the Nazi magazine Weltliteratur, to the European Digital Library, Mani reveals the political foundations for a history of world literature that is at once a philosophical ideal, a process of exchange, a mode of reading, and a system of classification.
Arbeitsfeld der Untersuchung ist die in der Literaturwissenschaft immer wieder statuierte oder stillschweigend akzeptierte ‚Romanlücke‘ in der deutschen Literatur des 18. Jahrhunderts, etwa vom Ende ...des Barockromans bis zum Erscheinen von Wielands „Agathon“ dauernd, von wenigen Ausnahmen wie Schnabel und Gellert noch akzentuiert. Nach einem eingehenden geschichts-, sozial- und kulturphilosophischen sowie literaturgeschichtlich kritischen Vorbericht folgt die Analyse ausgewählter deutscher Original-Romane zwischen 1740 und 1790 aus literaturtheoretischer, literaturwissenschaftlicher, sozial- und kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive mit derselben Eindringlichkeit, die man sonst den klassischen Werken des Kanons zu widmen pflegt. Sie richtet so den Blick auf die Landschaften der „wässerigen, weitschweifigen, nullen Epoche“, um gewahr werden zu lassen, dass dort nicht „alles unter einander ins Flache gezogen ward“ (Goethe).
Das neue Frankfurt Zapatel, Juan Antonio
Pós. Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura Urbanismo da FAUUSP,
04/2017, Letnik:
24, Številka:
42
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
A Siedlung é um assentamento habitacional construído na década entre 1925 e 1931 que possibilita novas formas de expansão urbana em Frankfurt. Sob o ideário da cidade-jardim como meio de difusão da ...cidade no campo, as Siedlungen são construídas em áreas residenciais de baixa densidade entremeadas com áreas verdes e bosques. Mediante a análise e a identificação das qualidades urbanas entre a cidade tradicional, enquanto forma urbana homogênea, abrangente e fechada,contraposta a cidade industrial, enquanto forma heterogênea, indefinida, e fragmentada, os arquitetos alemães desenvolvem na Siedlung distintas formas de racionalização urbana em resposta ao crescimento de Frankfurt. Do desenho da casa à cidade, a Siedlung em Frankfurt exemplifica as tentativas mais importantes de racionalização da cidade industrial. A racionalização do projeto e os meios tecnológicos constituem um saber-projetar e um saber-fazer indissociáveis, definindo-se na produção e expressão arquitetônica novos parâmetros qualitativos e quantitativos, com a construção de 15 mil unidades habitacionais. O potencial dos meios de produção possibilitou o trato de problemas urbanos em distintas escalas de intervenção, conferindo ao arquiteto o papel de agente de grandes transformações urbanas. O plano diretor de Frankfurt coordenado por Ernst May introduz a descentralização e a zonificação à escala metropolitana, sob processos de intervenção em que questões de âmbito urbano geral e particular são tratados em planos setoriais, sob intervenções específicas a cada área urbana.
The paper summarises the possibilities of studying the tax burden on the Czech countryside in 1780–1850. For its analysis it proposes to use the archival collection ‘Contribution Funds’, consisting ...of individual schedules for the planned contributions (so-called sub-repartitions), and contributory accounts recording all receipts and outlays. Due to the limited ‘sub-repartition’ for land tax only, it recommends to use the sums in the contributory accounts and to work with values for the whole estate. The most suitable comparative figures are grain prices, preserved from commodity prices that are important for the rural environment in the most comprehensive price ranges. Both series of numbers need to be subjected to source criticism (the most important for the period under review is the variability of the currencies used) and then compared with each other.
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