Baptism at the Savica, an epic about the loss of Slovenian independence, can also be understood as a successful attempt by France Prešeren to outwit censors and use the form of a historic tale as a ...metaphor for expressing the content which, due to censorship, had to be omitted from his elegy Dem Andenken des Matthias Čop. Such an approach can help us resolve several apparent contradictions, shown in the interpretative history of the Baptism, such as the problem of Prešeren’s own characterisation of the poem in his letter to Čelakovský, or the question of Črtomir’s conversion at the end of the third part of this epic poem. In the 20th century, several interpretations came into being that understood Črtomir’s conversion to Christianity as an inevitable choice made by Slovenians in favour of a stronger, uniquely prospective Western culture circle, which serves as justification for Črtomir’s renunciation of freedom-loving Slovenianhood. According to the new understanding of The Baptism at the Savica, there are two Črtomirs, one is the hero and the other is the defeated one (the former, as he himself would like to be, is only an illusion by Prešeren, and the latter, as he indeed is, is the one with whom the poet completely identifies himself), and the final message of the epic poem is understood as a condemnation of national inequality.
Preglju je v zss sicer priznano, da je eden osrednjih slovenskih ekspresionisti?- nih knjizevnikov, da »odlikuje njegovo kompozicijsko tehniko izredna razgibanost« in da je vplival na leposlovno delo ...kosma?a in pavleta zidarja, vendar je delezen tudi ideoloskega o?itka, da »ga je nabrekel arhaizirani slog tako vlekel vase, da je tudi sam pozabil na demokrati?no sporo?ilno besedo, se torej tudi sam predajal romanti?nemu subjektivizmu«.11 v sk je brez negativnih ozna?itev zapisano, da »velja pregelj delo- ma upravi?eno za najizrazitejsega slovenskega ekspresionisti?nega pripovednika«, v es pa, da je bil v dvajsetih letih »najpomembnejsi zive?i pisatelj« in da ga »novejsa literarna zgodovina uvrs?a med najpomembnejse slovenske pripovednike«. ZSS vidi v bevkovem literarnem opusu velik kulturnozgodovinski pomen in po - sebno vlogo v okupirani primorski, vendar avtor priro?nika obenem ugotavlja, da je v njegovem »velikem pripovednem opusu le malo umetnosti«, da si pisatelj »ni ustvaril trdnega epskega sloga« in da »je bil eklektik najbrz tudi zavoljo pisateljske naglice«. za sk je France Bevk »po dostopnosti in priljubljenosti svojih del v pravem pome- nu besede slovenski ljudski pisatelj«, es pa ocenjuje Kaplana Martina ?edermaca kot »enega najboljsih slovenskih romanov« in dodaja, da »kot mladinski pisatelj za- vzema eno osrednjih mest« ter da je »vrednost njegovega pripovednega ustvarjanja v silovitosti in mnogovrstnosti zgodb, ki so posebno ljudem na primorskem budile zeljo po svobodi in zavest o narodnostni skupnosti«. Po zss je kosma? umetnik, »artist besede in zvoka, ni pa bles?e? graditelj«, saj ne seze ?ez krajso prozo, »najbrz tudi zato, ker epske osebe lazje individualizira z dramatskimi kot epskimi sredstvi«. sk mu priznava, da je bil v 30. letih »eden vodil- nih socialnih realistov«, da je »pronicljiv in psiholosko poglobljen ustvarjalec krajsih pripovednih zvrsti, v glavnem novel«, in da je po vojni »vnasal v svoje delo elemente modernejse proze«. po es je Pomladni dan »eden najboljsih romanov sodobne slo- venske proze«, kosma?evo pripovedno delo pa je »zaradi individualnosti pisateljske poetike in izjemnega sloga, za katerega je zna?ilno ravnovesje lepote in sporo?ilne jasnosti, med najpomembnejsimi stvaritvami sodobne slovenske proze«. Ivan Pregelj in Bevk sta se prvi? pojavila v predelanih Westrovih berilih za nizje sre- dnje sole13 (stirje zvezki so izsli v letih 1921-22), kosma? pa v drugi, dopolnjeni izdaji budalovega Slovenskega cvetnika14 iz leta 1946. vsi trije avtorji so bili ob prvi solski objavi stari nekaj ?ez trideset let. pri tem izstopa Sorlijeva, ki je kot lo- kalno pomembna avtorica prvi? prisla v berila sele po sedemdesetem letu starosti, ko so se po treh desetletjih ponovno pojavila zamejska berila za visje srednje sole na Trzaskem in Goriskem.15 Dokaz za specifi?na merila solske kanonizacije pa je vuga, ki kljub visokemu polozaju v literarnozgodovinskih in drugih priro?nikih in najpomembnejsih nacionalnih priznanjih za umetniske dosezke nikoli ni bil uvrs?en v srednjesolsko berilo, verjetno zaradi recepcijsko manj primernih besedil po sodbi avtorjev u?nih na?rtov oz. sestavljavcev beril.16 preglednica 4 prinasa stevilo vseh solskih objav in odstotek moznih objav:
An empirical study of understanding The Baptism at the Savica showed that Slovenian high school students had notable difficulties in decoding the basic meanings of Prešeren’s poem. In literature, ...didactics offer three methods of facilitating reception of complex classical poetry: linguistic modernisation, addition of notes, and transmission into prose. Due to the cult status of Prešeren’s poetry, modernizations can only be limited, while commenting hinders a spontaneous reading experience; as a result, only prosification entirely solves the problems of pronounced archaization, inverted word order and abundant metaphors in Prešeren’s lines. This was confirmed by an empirical study in which high school students, who read the prosification together with the verses from The Baptism at the Savica, attested a comprehension which was twice as good as comprehension of students who only read the poetry.
Razprava v povezavi s šolskim izborom Prešernovih pesmi obravnava problem vrednotenja Prešernovih pesmi. Sodobna didaktika književnosti pri izboru leposlovnih besedil v srednješolskih berilih ...priporoča predvsem upoštevanje recepcijskega in literarnozgodovinskega načela. Raziskava vrednotenjskih meril treh vodilnih prešernoslovcev druge polovice 20. stoletja prinaša spoznanje, da kljub temu, da med njimi obstajajo tudi pomembne razlike, literarni zgodovinarji najvišje vrednotijo predvsem formalno zapletene in recepcijsko zahtevne pesmi iz osrednjega obdobja Prešernove romantike. Čeprav se tudi pri dijakih pozna vpliv literarnozgodovinskega načela, ti najvišje vrednostijo formalno preprostejše in recepcijsko manj zahtevne Prešernove psmi, predvsem tiste, ki imajo zgodbo, so laže razumljive in omogočajo polno doživljanje.
Baptism at the Savica, an epic about the loss of Slovenian independence, can also be understood as a successful attempt by France Prešeren to outwit censors and use the form of a historic tale as a ...metaphor for expressing the content which, due to censorship, had to be omitted from his elegy Dem Andenken des Matthias Čop. Such an approach can help us resolve several apparent contradictions, shown in the interpretative history of the Baptism, such as the problem of Prešeren’s own characterisation of the poem in his letter to Čelakovský, or the question of Črtomir’s conversion at the end of the third part of this epic poem.
In the 20th century, several interpretations came into being that understood Črtomir’s conversion to Christianity as an inevitable choice made by Slovenians in favour of a stronger, uniquely prospective Western culture circle, which serves as justification for Črtomir’s renunciation of freedom-loving Slovenianhood. According to the new understanding of The Baptism at the Savica, there are two Črtomirs, one is the hero and the other is the defeated one (the former, as he himself would like to be, is only an illusion by Prešeren, and the latter, as he indeed is, is the one with whom the poet completely identifies himself), and the final message of the epic poem is understood as a condemnation of national inequality.
An empirical study of understanding The Baptism at the Savica showed that Slovenian high school students had notable difficulties in decoding the basic meanings of Prešeren’s poem. In literature, ...didactics offer three methods of facilitating reception of complex classical poetry: linguistic modernisation, addition of notes, and transmission into prose. Due to the cult status of Prešeren’s poetry, modernizations can only be limited, while commenting hinders a spontaneous reading experience; as a result, only prosification entirely solves the problems of pronounced archaization, inverted word order and abundant metaphors in Prešeren’s lines. This was confirmed by an empirical study in which high school students, who read the prosification together with the verses from The Baptism at the Savica, attested a comprehension which was twice as good as comprehension of students who only read the poetry.
Jovan V. Koseski and France Prešeren were poets to whom literary history attributes undisputed merits for the development of Slovenian national conscience - to the former in the mid 19th century, and ...to the latter from the 1860s to today. The difference is mainly in the view of the artistic value of their poetry, as Slovenian literary history attributes to Prešeren the status of a top-level European poet, while it denies any significant aesthetic dimensions of the poetry of Koseski. An empirical study among Slovenian secondary school students showed that Prešeren's poems are more difficult to understand than Koseski's poems, mainly due to the many abstract metaphors. Namely, almost half of the surveyed participants attributed greater artistic value to XVI. glosa by Koseski than to Prešeren's Glosa.
Prva mnenja o recepcijski zahtevnosti Prešernovih pesmi so se pojavila že v času njegovega življenja, obsežne razlage pesmi in opozorila na napake v razumevanju pa dokazujejo, da imajo težave s ...Prešernovo poezijo tudi izobraženci. Raziskava Bože Krakar Vogel je potrdila, da slab kognitivni odziv celo pri študentih slovenistike, s tem da le-ti Prešernove pesmi vseeno visoko vrednotijo, kar lahko pojasnimo z mitičnimi razsežnostmi nacionalnega pesniškega prvaka. Primerjava Krsta pri Savici z Jenkovim Ognjeplamtičem razkriva, zakaj je Prešernova romantična pesnitev recepcijsko bolj zahtevna, to spoznanje pa potrjuje empirična raziskava v prvem letniku ekonomske gimnazije, ki je izpričala izjemno slabo razumevanje Krsta pri Savici.
During the first century of secondary school literature textbook publishing (from the introduction of Slovenian language as a school subject after the March Revolution in the Austrian Empire to the ...first Five-Year Plan after World War II) over a hundred texts featuring the topic of mining and related activities were included. The first writings have a clearly affirmative attitude towards mining, perceived and presented as a way of promoting general prosperity. The first mentions of the negative aspects of mining and the deceptive folly of coveting precious mineral resources appear towards the end of the 19th century. Only during the interwar period, however, were there various texts which presented mining as an inhumane and dangerous activity. After World War II the approach was again optimistic: in central literature textbooks mining was depicted as the glorification of socialist progress. Relevant texts were published in eight series of textbooks, the first as early as in the Bleiweis series for lower secondary schools in 1850 and the last in the ethnic Slovenian Beli?i? series of textbooks in 1947. The discovery of mercury in the Idrija mine was described by Valvazor, Kastelic, Hrovat and Oblak.
PDF
