This paper argues that Moore's specifist defence of critical thinking as 'diverse modes of thought in the disciplines', which appeared in Higher Education Research & Development, 30(3), 2011, is ...flawed as it entrenches relativist attitudes toward the important skill of critical thinking. The paper outlines the critical thinking debate, distinguishes between 'top-down', 'bottom-up' and 'relativist' approaches and locates Moore's account therein. It uses examples from one discipline-specific area, namely, the discipline of Literature, to show that the generalist approach to critical thinking does not 'leave something out' and outlines why teaching 'generic' critical thinking skills is central to tertiary education, teaching and learning, and employment opportunities for students. The paper also defends the assessment of critical thinking skills.
The third edition of The Essential Social Worker has been radically revised and updated and contains an entirely new chapter providing a clear outline of the historical and policy-related framework ...within which social work operates in areas of particular practice - child care, disability, mental health, old age and criminal justice. The Essential Social Worker defends the idea of a broadly based profession seeking to maintain disadvantaged people in the community. It bravely confronts the shallowness of many short-term fashions and argues that social work is a uniquely humane contributor to the achievement of welfare in the 1990s and beyond. A careful reading of The Essential Social Worker will ensure that the student gains an understanding of the role of social work in a complex urban society and develops an awareness of the debates which surround it. Social work is often subject to public criticism, but, as the author shows, it has continued to grow in scale and in influence throughout the 20th century and although its structure will continue to evolve, social work will remain essential in any society which regards itself as democratic and humane.
In recent years, academics and educators have begun to use software mapping tools for a number of education-related purposes. Typically, the tools are used to help impart critical and analytical ...skills to students, to enable students to see relationships between concepts, and also as a method of assessment. The common feature of all these tools is the use of diagrammatic relationships of various kinds in preference to written or verbal descriptions. Pictures and structured diagrams are thought to be more comprehensible than just words, and a clearer way to illustrate understanding of complex topics. Variants of these tools are available under different names: "concept mapping", "mind mapping" and "argument mapping". Sometimes these terms are used synonymously. However, as this paper will demonstrate, there are clear differences in each of these mapping tools. This paper offers an outline of the various types of tool available and their advantages and disadvantages. It argues that the choice of mapping tool largely depends on the purpose or aim for which the tool is used and that the tools may well be converging to offer educators as yet unrealised and potentially complementary functions (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
This paper provides a citation network analysis of the publications in Studies in Higher Education from 1976 to 2013 inclusive. This represents the entire history of the journal to date. It analyses ...the most published authors, most cited authors and most discussed topics using keywords. 1056 articles were taken from Web of Science
SM
as a source of primary data. These articles were determined to have 32,738 references. A small percentage of these articles, 218 articles, had 1030 keywords. A data visualisation and manipulation software, Gephi, was used to provide a visual representation of the associated citation networks. We compare the results with other higher education citation analyses published elsewhere - a small, but growing area of research. Results indicate that the five most published authors throughout the journal's history are Richardson, Kember, Becher, Boud and Elton. The five most cited authors are Entwistle, Marton, Ramsden, Biggs and Becher. The five most discussed topics, using keywords, excluding higher education, are 'doctoral education', 'assessment', 'phenomenography', 'student learning' and 'identity', with a number of subordinate topic clusters amongst these. Results derived from this exercise are helpful in illuminating the evolving concerns of the journal and its readership, and providing a demonstration of a rigorous analytical technique for assessing journal citation data in the future.
This paper reviews some of the literature on the use of groupwork as a form of assessment in tertiary institutions. It outlines the considerable advantages of groupwork but also its systemic ...associated problems. In discussing the problems, the paper considers issues such as "free riding" and the "sucker effect", issues associated with ethnic mix in groups, and the social dilemma problem-in which students face conflicting demands between altruism and self-interest. The paper then outlines several models of effective groupwork and makes suggestions for implementing groupwork tasks. The paper also looks at the key assessment tasks which are commonly employed-namely, additive, conjunctive, disjunctive and discretionary tasks-and assesses which are most suited to groupwork. The paper considers the related issues of task complexity, recognition for effort, and strategies for minimising issues concerning group size. The paper also briefly considers strategies for implementing incentives for groupwork members, and outlines the issue of penalties for unproductive group members. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for how to maximise the advantages of groupwork while trying to minimise the disadvantages. (HRK / Abstract übernommen).
Papua New Guinea (PNG) has faced a foreign exchange (forex) shortage since 2015. The Bank of PNG has resorted to forex rationing to protect reserves, leading to a large backlog of orders and import ...compression. This paper surveys the structure of PNGʼs forex market and analyses recent market conditions. We argue that a real exchange rate depreciation is required to restore currency convertibility. We develop a forex market model that features a backlog of unmet orders which suggests that a frontloaded depreciation is preferred to an often-favored gradual adjustment. Empirical results indicate that the governmentʼs large budget deficits have contributed to the forex shortage, highlighting the need for greater fiscal restraint. In the longer term, we argue for more exchange rate flexibility and forex allocation through competitive auction.
ObjectiveTo comprehensively update and survey the current provision of recovery, rehabilitation and follow-up services for adult critical care patients across the UK.DesignCross-sectional, ...self-administered, predominantly closed-question, electronic, online survey.SettingInstitutions providing adult critical care services identified from national databases.ParticipantsMultiprofessional critical care clinicians delivering services at each site.ResultsResponses from 176 UK hospital sites were included (176/242, 72.7%). Inpatient recovery and follow-up services were present at 127/176 (72.2%) sites, adopting multiple formats of delivery and primarily delivered by nurses (n=115/127, 90.6%). Outpatient services ran at 130 sites (73.9%), predominantly as outpatient clinics. Most services (n=108/130, 83.1%) were co-delivered by two or more healthcare professionals, typically nurse/intensive care unit (ICU) physician (n=29/130, 22.3%) or nurse/ICU physician/physiotherapist (n=19/130, 14.6%) teams. Clinical psychology was most frequently lacking from inpatient or outpatient services. Lack of funding was consistently the primary barrier to service provision, with other barriers including logistical and service prioritisation factors indicating that infrastructure and profile for services remain inadequate. Posthospital discharge physical rehabilitation programmes were relatively few (n=31/176, 17.6%), but peer support services were available in nearly half of responding institutions (n=85/176, 48.3%). The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in either increasing, decreasing or reformatting service provision. Future plans for long-term service transformation focus on expansion of current, and establishment of new, outpatient services.ConclusionOverall, these data demonstrate a proliferation of recovery, follow-up and rehabilitation services for critically ill adults in the past decade across the UK, although service gaps remain suggesting further work is required for guideline implementation. Findings can be used to enhance survivorship for critically ill adults, inform policymakers and commissioners, and provide comparative data and experiential insights for clinicians designing models of care in international healthcare jurisdictions.
Fully revised and restructured, this fresh edition offers students and trainee social workers an incisive and authoritative introduction to the subject. As well as entirely new sections on theory and ...practice, the expert contributions which have shaped the companion’s leading reputation have been updated and now include innovative standalone essays on social work theory.Comprehensively reworked new edition comprising six substantive sections covering essential topics for trainee social workers – in effect, six books in oneIncludes an extensive introduction and chapters by leading experts on the focus and purpose of social workProvides a unified textbook for trainees and an invaluable professional reference volumeFeatures awealth of new material on theory and practice alongside detailed expositions of the social and psychological framework, stages in the human life cycle, and the objectives and core components of social workEach chapter lists five key points to remember, questions for discussion, and recommendations for further reading
Historics Davies, Martin L
2006., 20070507, 2007, 2005, 2007-05-07
eBook
From an author at the forefront of research in this area comes this provocative and seminal work that presents a unique and fresh new look at history and theory.
Taking a broadly European view, the ...book draws on works of French and German philosophy, some of which are unknown to the English-speaking world, and Martin L. Davies spells out what it is like to live in a historicized world, where any event is presented as historical as, or even before, it happens.
Challenging basic assumptions made by historians, Davies focuses on historical ideas and thought about the past instead of examining history as a discipline. The value of history in and for contemporary culture is explained not only in terms of cultural and institutional practices but in forms of writing and representation of historical issues too.
Historics stimulates thinking about the behaviours and practice that constitute history, and introduces complex ideas in a clear and approachable style. This important text is recommended not only for a wide student audience, but for the more discerning general reader as well.
Introduction: Getting at What is Behind History: The concept of historics Part 1: A Sense of History: Variations on a theme from Nietzsche 1. Theme: A sixth sense - a sense for history 2. Var. 1 History and the senses 3. Var. 2 History as Apprehension 4. Var. 3 History as Prosthesis 5. Var. 5 Making Sense of History Part 2. The work of History: Living in a historicized world 6. The Faith of Fallen Jews: Trauma, remembrance and reptition-compulsion 7. Homo Studiosus: Homo oeconomicus: History as a vocation 8. History as Product and Representation: The past as a commodity 9. History as Symbolic Form
Computer-Assisted Argument Mapping (CAAM) is a new way of understanding arguments. While still embryonic in its development and application, CAAM is being used increasingly as a training and ...development tool in the professions and government. Inroads are also being made in its application within education. CAAM claims to be helpful in an educational context, as a tool for students in responding to assessment tasks. However, to date there is little evidence from students that this is the case. This paper outlines the use of CAAM as an educational tool within an Economics and Commerce Faculty in a major Australian research university. Evaluation results are provided from students from a CAAM pilot within an upper-level Economics subject. Results indicate promising support for the use of CAAM and its potential for transferability within the disciplines. If shown to be valuable with further studies, CAAM could be included in capstone subjects, allowing computer technology to be utilised in the service of generic skill development.
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