Background & objectives: Dengue emerged as an important public health problem in Tamil Nadu from 2000 onwards, reported in all the districts as an endemic disease of Tamil Nadu except Nilgiris ...district. So this study was carried out to understand the dengue epidemiology in Nilgiris district.
Methods: Block-wise study was made at the Nilgiris district. The clinicians at the Nilgiris Adivasi Welfare Association hospitals (NAWA) situated in Kotagiri, Kozhikarai and Primary Health Centers from Kunjpannai, Arayoor, and Soloor Mattam, examined and recorded symptoms and collected blood samples from the dengue-suspected patients. These samples were centrifuged at 4°C and stored. Serum samples (267 nos.) collected from dengue-suspected patients for two years period from 2014 to 2016 were screened for dengue infection.
Results: First year study conducted during 2014-15 showed 13 dengue positives (8.39%) mainly from Kotagiri block (9 nos. - 69.2%) and the second year study conducted during 2015-16 showed 12 dengue positives (10.71%) found mostly from Udagamandalam block (6 nos.- 50%). People belonging to 6 different tribes - Irular, Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Kattunaickan, and Paniya were found infected with dengue and more Irular positives were recorded in both the years (5 Irular-2014-15 & 11 Irular -2015-16). First year detected more female positives (92.3%) whereas the second year showed 5 males (41.7%) and 7 females (58.3%).
Interpretation & conclusion: This study unearthed the hidden disease dengue to be prevalent among the tribal community and emphasized the need for the establishment of a permanent dengue surveillance system with improved disease diagnostics, to initiate effective vector control efforts to stop dengue transmission from this hilly region.
Background & objectives: Dakshina Kannada is one of the districts of Karnataka state of India with high incidences of mosquito-borne diseases, especially malaria and dengue. The larval stages of the ...mosquitoes are very important in determining the prevalence of adult mosquitoes and associated diseases. Hence, the occurrence of mosquito species was investigated by sampling different water bodies present in the Dakshina Kannada district from June 2014 to May 2017.
Methods: Random sampling was carried out from permanent and temporary, artificial and natural water bodies belonging to 11 types of microhabitats using dippers and suction pumps.
Results: A maximum of 37 mosquito species belonging to 12 genera were recorded with the dominant genera being Culex. Most species have been recorded from temporary bodies of water with the highest number of species in receptacles. Monsoon is the most productive season, both in terms of occurrence and abundance followed by post-monsoon and pre-monsoon. The abundance of mosquito larvae was significantly higher in temporary water bodies compared to the permanent.
Interpretation & conclusion: Abundant rainfall in the study area which produces many natural and domestic temporary water bodies accounts for mosquito breeding throughout the year.
Physician Health in the Times of COVID-19 Bavdekar, S B; Chandrasekaran, A; Govindarajan, R P ...
Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
68, Številka:
12
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A virtual registry study evaluating real world evidence on physicians' use of prophylactic regimens for protection against SARS-CoV-2. This paper summarizes the interim results.
Asymptomatic ...physicians at risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 responded to online questions at baseline and 7 weeks post-baseline. Baseline data included demographics, prophylaxis regimen (including "no prophylaxis") and start date. Participants who provided complete week-7 data (information on type of health facility COVID/Non-COVID, number of presumed/confirmed cases exposed to, PPE use, SARS-CoV-2 testing and symptoms, regimen adherence and intercurrent illness) comprised the Completer population. Limited data (regimen adherence, SARS-CoV-2 testing) was collected for participants who failed to provide complete week7 data. Those providing limited/complete information comprised the Evaluable population.
Of 369 enrolled participants, 182 (mean age 42±11.05 years) comprised the Evaluable population. They showed a male preponderance (67.6%). Practitioners from Maharashtra (59.9%) and specialties of Pediatrics, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Critical Care (63.2%) accounted for the majority. ICMR's HCQ prophylaxis regimen was initiated by 125 (68.7%) participants with 31 (17%) initiating 'No prophylaxis'. The highest adherence was for the ICMRregimen (87.2%). In the Completer population comprising 150 participants, 87 were exposed to presumed (81) and/or confirmed cases (60). Most exposures to confirmed cases (49, 81.7%) were high-risk. PPE use was generally high (75-100%). Most participants (94.7%) did not report an AE. The proportions with an AE was similar with ICMR regimen (5.9%) and no prophylaxis (6.5%).
Physicians in India preferred ICMR's HCQ regimen. The regimen appears to be safe and associated with a high level of adherence.
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•Generation of OH in alkaline solutions irradiated with 1MHz waves is investigated.•Terephthalic acid based fluorescence spectroscopy technique is used.•Generation rate of OH ...increases with power density and solution temperature.•Dissolved gases and type of alkali play an important role in OH generation.•NH3 (aq.) is an effective scavenger of hydroxyl radicals.
Megasonic irradiation of aqueous solutions produces hydroxyl radicals primarily from dissociation of water under extreme transient cavitation temperature conditions. In the current study, the effect of various sound field (∼1MHz) and solution parameters on rate of generation of hydroxyl radicals in alkaline cleaning solutions of interest to semiconductor industry has been investigated. These parameters include transducer power density, liquid temperature, nature of dissolved gases, solution pH, and type of alkali. Terephthalic acid based fluorescence spectroscopy technique is used for the measurement of concentration of hydroxyl radicals.
Quantification of bioactive principles through modern analytical tools is essential for establishing the authenticity, creditability, prescription and usage of Ayurvedic medicines/herbal ...formulations. ‘Chyavanprash’ is one of the oldest and most popular Ayurvedic preparations, used widely as a health promotive and disease preventive ‘Rasayana’ drug in India and elsewhere. The rejuvenating and tonic properties of ‘Chavanprash’ are considered majorly due to their antioxidant principles, which in turn is due to the presence of phenolic compounds. A simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantitative determination of the major antioxidant compounds from ‘Chyavanprash’ has been developed. The use of Waters Symmetry
® column and an acidic mobile phase enabled the efficient separation of phenolic compounds (catechin, quercetin-3-
O-rutinoside, syringic acid and gallic acid) within a 35
min analysis. Validation of the method was done with a view to demonstrate its selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. In addition optimization of the complete extraction of phenolic compounds were also studied.
This paper concerns steady, high-Reynolds-number flow around a semi-infinite, rotating cylinder placed in an axial stream and uses boundary-layer type of equations which apply even when the ...boundary-layer thickness is comparable to the cylinder radius, as indeed it is at large enough downstream distances. At large rotation rates, it is found that a wall jet appears over a certain range of downstream locations. This jet strengthens with increasing rotation, but first strengthens then weakens as downstream distance increases, eventually disappearing, so the flow recovers a profile qualitatively similar to a classical boundary layer. The asymptotic solution at large streamwise distances is obtained as an expansion in inverse powers of the logarithm of the distance. It is found that the asymptotic radial and axial velocity components are the same as for a non-rotating cylinder, to all orders in this expansion.
Galvanic corrosion characteristics between poly-Si and tantalum nitride (TaN) in dilute HF solutions (0.1 to 1%) have been investigated. Variables such as poly-Si to TaN area ratio, dissolved oxygen ...concentration in HF solutions and doping level of poly-Si were investigated. Extent of galvanic corrosion was directly measured as well as estimated using Tafel polarization. Morphological changes on poly-Si due to galvanic corrosion were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Increase in exposed cathode (TaN) area as well as aeration results in higher corrosion of poly-Si. In de-oxygenated HF solutions (less than 4ppm of O2), irrespective of the area ratio, there appears to be no significant silicon loss.
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