Toward a cosmopolitan Europe Habermas, Jurgen
Journal of democracy,
10/2003, Letnik:
14, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
As the European Union (EU) continues its political integration, the author argues for the development of a more cosmopolitan Europe. After exploring the question of whether the democratic ...self-direction of modern capitalistic societies can be extended beyond national borders, the author argues that the symbiosis between nation-states & democracy has come under increased pressure because of market globalization. There have been four political responses to the challenges of the postnational constellation -- neoliberalism, protectionism, or a "third way" expressed either by governments adopting social policies to help their citizens to be qualified & competitive, or by giving politics priority over the market, perhaps by creating a stable, democratic infrastructure for a global domestic policy. If Europe is to develop with a sensitivity for social justice for all countries worldwide, then the federal aspect of the EU must be deepened to allow a cosmopolitan goal of creating the conditions necessary for such a global domestic policy. L. A. Hoffman
Closes a special issue, "Empirical Approaches to Deliberative Democracy," with some reactions to the contributions. Attention is given to the concept of rational discourse, discussing how ...contributors addressed three key aspects of such a discourse theory. 11 References. J. Zendejas
Religious toleration first became legally enshrined in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries. Religious toleration led to the practice of more general inter-subjective recognition of members of ...democratic states which took precedence over differences of conviction and practice. After considering the extent to which a democracy may defend itself against the enemies of democracy and to which it should be prepared to tolerate civil disobedience, the article analyses the contemporary dialectic between the notion of civil inclusion and multiculturalism. Religious toleration is seen as the pacemaker for modern multiculturalism, in which the claims of minorities to civic inclusion are recognized so long as members of all groups understand themselves to be citizens of one and the same political community.
The modern conception of democracy differs from the classic conception in virtue of its relation to a type of law that displays three characteristics: modern law is positive, compulsory and ...individualistic.
Der Autor des Artikels analysiert zunächst den Inhalt der Kantschen Religionsphilosophie (Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der bloßen Vernunft), um dann ihre Wirkungsgeschichte zu verfolgen und ihre ...Aktualität aufzuzeigen. In groben Zügen, aber doch ausführlicher als andere Lehren, betrachtet er in diesem Zusammenhang die philosophischen Ansichten von Hegel, Schleiermacher und Kierkegaard. Habermas schlägt vor, Kants Moralphilosophie insgesamt als Versuch anzusehen, das kategorische Sollen göttlicher Gebote auf diskursivem Wege zu rekonstruieren, und aufzufassen als Warnung vor Schwärmerei, "religiöser Philosophie", zum Beispiel der Heideggers, sowie vor dem Neopaganismus der Nachfolger Nietzsches.
As the nation-state is reaching the limits of its capacities in the context of globalisation, considers the possibilities for democratic self-transformation beyond national borders. Examines how the ...nation-state and democracy are interconnected, the pressures currently on this unique symbiosis and considers four political responses. Maps out an offensive position on the future of the European Union and suggests the creation of a democratic, federal Europe as a step towards world citizenship. (Quotes from original text)
On the Cognitive Content of Morality Habermas, J?rgen; Cronin, Ciaran
Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,
01/1996, Letnik:
96, Številka:
3
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
It is argued that if moral statements or utterances can be justified, they have a cognitive content that can be assessed by examining the meaning of moral justification. Moral statements are used to ...demand certain conduct of others, to hold ourselves to an obligation, to reproach, &, more generally, to coordinate social actions in a binding manner. Moral utterances are understood in relationship to a community's recognition of moral norms or customary practices. Various theoretical approaches to moral philosophy are examined, including strong & weak noncognitivism & strong & weak cognitivism. The latter two positions draw on Aristotle & Immanuel Kant, & are discussed to set the stage for a new call for a discourse-theoretical explanation of the moral point of view & its theoretical justification. J. Markovitz
Habermas's Theological Turn? HARRINGTON, AUSTIN
Journal for the theory of social behaviour,
March 2007, Letnik:
37, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
ABSTRACT
Since the turn of the millennium Jürgen Habermas's contributions to social and political theory have been increasingly turning toward matters of religious and theological relevance. This ...article weighs up the import and coherence of Habermas's recent reflections on religious belief and its relationship to reason and modernity in Western philosophical culture. At the forefront of the analysis stands Habermas's conception of appropriate “limits” and “boundaries” between the domains of knowledge and faith and the possibility and desirability of a process of “discursive translation” of contents of religious language into forms of secularized, universalizing moral argument. The article defends the thesis that Habermas's project of a rapprochement between contents of religious language and norms of scientific thinking founders on its attempt to reconcile too many different, conceptually centrifugal tendencies. However, these difficulties and inconsistencies in Habermas's recent thinking remain instructive and ought to continue to engage the interest of scholars concerned today with the question of how far the philosophy of the social sciences can and cannot accommodate commitments to theism in the practice of research.
A review of the results of universal pragmatic studies on the manner in which language exhibits the double property of: (1) bounding itself off from external nature, against the normative reality of ...society & against internal subjective nature, & (2) opening itself osmotically to them. The double structure of the speech act, in its standard form, consists of 2 sentences: (A) one characterized by a performative verb in the first person present, & (B) a dependent clause of propositional content. The communicative development of an average person follows a 3-fold process: (a) symbolically mediated interactions, (b) formal operational thought, & (c) discourse. Only in the last stage are action & experiential contexts fully capable of engaging in true communication. The ability to appreciate the concepts of "being" & "ought" depends on stepping outside of the contexts of communicative action from time to time & negating propositions, speech acts, & validity claims. S. Karganovic.
Commentary on Robert Brandom's Making It Explicit (1994) characterizes the book as a milestone in theoretical philosophy for its successful execution of an innovative program in the philosophy of ...language that combines formal pragmatics with inferential semantics & furnishes the Kantian view of the mind with a new pragmatic vocabulary. Brandom's central train of thought is critically reconstructed by expounding his question of why utterance content may be objectively valid & his answer, in which an anaphoric manner of speaking complements a treatment of actions & perceptions as transits of the boundaries of discourse. Brandom's nonnaturalist explanatory strategy is argued to force a background assumption of conceptual realism that makes his surprisingly objectivist view of discourse comprehensible but ultimately undermines his discourse-theoretic analysis of linguistic content. By assimilating norms to facts, Brandom's conceptual realism has problematic consequences for his deontological understanding of morality. 23 References. Adapted from the source document.
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