This paper presents the research and analysis process showing that transport system customers have a specific perception of service quality, as an indicator of transport system. Determining ...satisfactory level of service quality implies knowledge of travel demand and travel behaviour. There are a lot of elements that define the transport system quality. The goal of this paper is to identify the public transport system's service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, in order to increase the level of service quality from transport system users' (public transport users' and non-users') point of view, with minimal investment. The paper describes a specifically defined research methodology for determining service quality elements that should be primarily acted on, from the transport system users' point of view. Methodology involves the use of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) which is upgraded with the state preferences analysis. Presented methodology, which is used to determine user perception of service quality, can be considered to be universal. This methodology can be applied in other cities, with additional research that must precede its use. The methodology was tested on transport system users in Belgrade.
The goal of implementing the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is to create a sustainable urban transport system and in this regard, it is necessary to stimulate the users to non-motorized, ...sustainable, transport modes. There are a number of measures that need to be implemented to achieve the planned improvements. One of the basic features of SUMP implementation is a participatory approach, which means involving all stakeholders, from citizens to decision makers, from the beginning to the end of the planning process. In this way, the public expresses an opinion, which will be considered when implementing of the plan starts. GIS is one of the modern tools that enables more active public participation in the implementation of SUMP. The "pilot" version of the Web-GIS application has been developed through which the public can participate in the implementation of SUMP. It is an interactive uMap, which is supported by an open street map, and which every user can access with a modern device (mobile phone, computer or tablet) and thus express their ideas and visions in order to improve the urban environment.
Modal split is one of the most important parameters used in transport planning. Modal split is often used as a base for strategic and operational decisions since it represents the share of different ...modes of transport in overall trips. The paper uses data 9 on travel characteristics collected using the same methodology, which makes them acceptable for comparison. The key results related to the changes in the use of different modes of transport during COVID pandemic are presented, as well as the attitudes about the primary problems related to mobility in Serbian cities. Statistical analysis defined the links between problems, system conditions and potential solutions, in order to change passenger behavior and finaly achieve a more favorable modal split.
Catastrophic risks and insurance Kerkez, Marija; Ivanovic, Ivan
Megatrend revija : međunarodni časopis za primenjenu ekonomiju,
2016, Letnik:
13, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Catastrophic events do not know borders; they threat the local community, but also the whole continent. Catastrophic risk represents the individual risk which endangers a relatively large number of ...people or property, at the same time posing a threat to insurer's financial strength. One of the most serious problems of modern society is the lack of awareness of the presence of various dangers and possibilities of influencing them. Macro catastrophic event causes losses across several lines of insurance business or can cause loss in unexpected locations or across multiple geographical markets. Risk assessment requires a systematic approach to identifying and analyzing risks. Due to the complexity and unpredictability of natural and technological hazards, different approaches to risk assessment and evaluation systems are a growing challenge and a necessity in the sphere of management catastrophic risks.
•Worldwide problem of adapting transport planning to COVID-19 is addressed and solved.•The integrated Fermatean fuzzy model is proposed to adapt transport plans to COVID-19.•The three-level hierarchy ...structure offers a practical framework for stakeholders.•The case study provides guidelines on how to adapt transport plans to COVID-19.•The integrated Fermatean fuzzy model is highly robust, reliable, and flexible.
The critical worldwide problem of adapting urban transport planning to COVID-19 is for the first time comprehensively addressed and solved in this study. It primarily aims to help transport planners increase the resilience of transport systems. Firstly, a multi-level decision-making hierarchy structure based on four main criteria and 17 sub-criteria is introduced for relevant stakeholders to provide a practical framework for assessing existing transport plans. Then, a three-stage integrated Fermatean fuzzy model for adapting urban transport planning to the pandemic is presented. The model hybridizes the method based on the removal effects of criteria (MEREC) and combined compromise solution (CoCoSo) method into a unique methodological framework under the Fermatean fuzzy environment. A case study provides decision-making guidelines on how to adapt transport plans to COVID-19 in the real-world context of Belgrade, Serbia. The research findings show that the pandemic significantly changed the priorities of transport planning strategies and measures. “Non-motorized travel” is now the best alternative since its numerous short-term measures lead to better transport service. The major advantages of the introduced model are higher flexibility and a more precise fusion of experts’ preference information. The integrated Fermatean fuzzy model could be used for adapting other emerging problems to COVID-19.
Spatial constraints in urban areas very often lead to the application of traffic management measures to meet transport demands. Accordingly, it is very important to identify all potential impacts ...that could lead to reductions in the street network’s capacity. One such impact is weather conditions. The main motivation of this research is to analyze the impacts of rainfall on one of the most important segments of Belgrade’s street network that represents part of a freeway passing the city center. Our focus is on quantifying the impact of rainfall on speed and capacity. This paper proposes a new approach to analyzing the rainfall impact at the traffic lane level that provides additional possibilities to apply traffic management measures on the traffic lane level instead of at the direction level only. Functional dependences and differences in capacity and speed on traffic lanes were found under the influence of different rainfall intensities. Reductions in free-flow speed depend on the rain category and traffic lanes and vary from 4.5% to 11.58%, while reductions in traffic lane capacity range from 2.46% to 12.97%. We demonstrate the importance of considering the impact of rainfall at the traffic lane level, which could be quality input data for defining appropriate traffic management measures to mitigate the negative impacts.
Traffic simulations are the basis for solving complex traffic problems. Conceptual level of simulation depends on the project goals. In traffic management problems, the most common approach is ...microsimulation with the perception unit of a single vehicle and precise drivers behaviour simulation. On the other hand, the simulation of traffic flow characteristics and the changes in vehicle routes demands for macrosimulation approach based on global relations of traffic flow parameters. In projects where transport demand forecasts are needed, macrosimulation models are important input data sources for microsimulation. In this paper we present methodology for joint use of macro and micro simulation on a case study of Stepa Stepanović estate in Belgrade. Strengths and weaknesses of this approach are emphasized in discussion and conclusions.
The efficiency of urban transportation system is un-der the influence of weather conditions. It is necessary to incorporate these impacts into transport system analysis, in order to prepare adequate ...mitigation measures. Trans-port models are often used in different types of transport system analysis and forecasting of its future characteris-tics. This paper focuses on implementation of the impact of rain in transport modelling, particularly into a traffic assignment process as a part of a macroscopic transport model. This aspect of modelling is important because it can indicate parts of the network where this impact leads to a high volume/capacity ratio, which is a good input for defining mitigation measures. Commonly, transport models do not consider weather impacts in its standard procedures. The paper presents a methodology for cali-brating volume-delay function in order to improve traf-fic assignment modelling in case of rain. The impact of different rain categories on capacity and free-flow speed was quantified and implemented in the volume-delay function. Special attention is given to the calibration of the part of volume-delay function for over-saturated traf-fic conditions. Calibration methodology is applicable for different types of volume-delay functions and presents a solid approach to incorporate weather conditions into common engineering practice.
It is generally know that adverse weather conditions cause changes in urban transportation system. Research of weather impact on the urban transportation system was additionally intensified by ...actualisation of climate changes problem. In urban area, precipitation may reduce the efficiency of transportation systems, since it often results in larger travel times and higher congestion levels in street networks. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of precipitation on the urban street capacity. In accordance with climate characteristics of research area, the focus of this paper was on the rain impact. Impact of rain was analysed only in the context of transport supply, and not of transport demand. Sensitivity of the street network capacity was chosen to represent transportation system supply. It was analysed through the changes in saturation flow rate under the rain. Results of the research have shown significant sensitivity of street network capacity on the rain impact. Moreover, the rain impact was quantified by the capacity sensitivity coefficients, which were implemented in procedure of capacity calculation.
This paper presents an overview of the applied research methodologies and developed travel demand models that take weather impact into account. The paper deals with trip generation and modal split as ...elements of travel demand that best describe changes in the travel behaviour in different weather conditions. The authors herein emphasize the importance of research in local conditions in all climate zones, especially in areas where climate and modal split characteristics are different from those in common research areas. This review is designed as a brief guide on how the impact of weather can be explored in order to encourage conducting research even in the countries where there is no systematic traffic and travel data collection. The stated adaptation technique followed by the panel household travel surveys may be particularly appropriate for those countries. It is concluded that small budgets should not be considered an obstacle, because it is possible to draw reliable conclusions based even on small samples. Moreover, modern research methods enable a cheaper survey process together with the possibility of obtaining higher quality of results. The increasing popularity of research in this field should contribute to the creation of more resilient transport systems all over the world. A special contribution of this paper is the review of research studies carried out in central, western and southern Europe and not mentioned in any review paper before.
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