Here we explore electrochemical dethiylation in processes relevant to Native Chemical Ligation (NCL). NCL's reliance on the redox active amino acid cysteine and β-mercaptamine derivatives suggests a ...potential role for electrochemistry. We show that the application of a 1 V potential to platinum electrodes in 0.15 M TCEP solution is sufficient to convert Cys to Ala in cyclic peptides, and to cleave the 2-mercapto-2-phenethyl class of acyl transfer auxiliary.
Electricity is applied to native chemical ligation and related products. A 1 V potential applied to platinum electrodes in 0.15 M TCEP solution converts Cys to Ala in cyclic peptides, and cleaves the 2-mercapto-2-phenethyl acyl transfer auxiliary.
Homogeneous glycoprotein syntheses have become possible in the last decade due to advances in chemical ligation strategies, particularly Native Chemical Ligation (NCL). For native glycoproteins this ...still requires laborious and technically challenging syntheses of glycopeptide components, combined with multi-segment ligation reactions. Here we explore new reactions between sugar-linked acyl transfer auxiliaries and peptide thioesters. We show that native glycoproteins are difficult to produce using this approach but various related analogues are accessible. The results show that site-specific neoglycoconjugation is a viable route to simply glycosylated proteins, which may be extended using well-documented enzymatic processes.
We explore reactions between sugar-linked acyl transfer auxiliaries and peptide or protein thioesters, and find that various glycoprotein analogues are accessible.
These original essays by major scholars of judicial behavior explore the frequency, intensity, and especially the causes of conflict and consensus among judges on American appellate courts. Together, ...these studies provide new insights into judges' attitudes and values, role perceptions, and small group interactions.
This book examines national fair housing policy from 1960 through 2000 in the context of the American presidency and the country's segregated suburban housing market. It argues that a principal ...reason for suburban housing segregation lies in Richard Nixon's 1971 fair housing policy, which directed Federal agencies not to place pressure on suburbs to accept low-income housing. After exploring the role played by Lyndon Johnson in the initiation and passage of the Fair Housing Act of 1968, Nixon's politics of suburban segregation is contrasted to the politics of suburban integration espoused by his HUD secretary, George Romney. Nixon's fair housing legacy is then traced through each presidential administration from Gerald Ford to Bill Clinton and detected in the decisions of Nixon's Federal Court appointees.
Purpose - The primary aim of this research is to identify the wine consumption behaviour of Generation Y in New Zealand to explore whether differences exist in the wine behaviour of Gen Y in ...comparison to Generation X and to seek possible explanations for these differences, in terms of cohort, age and period.Design methodology approach - A quantitative survey was conducted with a random sample of residents of Christchurch, New Zealand in 1998 and again in 2008. Three forms of analysis were undertaken: time lag (comparing Gen Y, aged 18-29 in 2008 with Gen X, aged 20-29 in 1998), cross-sectional (comparing Gen Y in 2008 with Gen X, aged 30-39 in 2008) and longitudinal (comparing Gen X in 1998 and 2008).Findings - In relation of wine consumption, there is no difference in the proportion of Gen X and Gen Y in New Zealand consuming wine as young adults, which is remarkably similar to the proportion of wine drinkers in the population as a whole. In terms of the evidence reported elsewhere that Generation Y are consuming more wine, and at a younger age, than their Gen X counterparts, this research supports this contention; New Zealand Gen Y are drinking wine more frequently, and in more everyday contexts than their older counterparts were at a similar age, although they are less likely to consume wine on special occasions.Research limitations implications - The research focuses on a relatively small sample within a specific urban New Zealand setting and further application to the country as a whole may be useful. Qualitative research, perhaps using a recall methodology to explore previous consumption behaviour, would help to provide more explanation for the findings.Originality value - This is the first research project to explore the wine behaviour of Gen Y in a New Zealand context. This research has used a random and representative sample and has been able to analyse cross-sectional, longitudinal and time-lag data for Gen Y and Gen X; an approach that has not previously been used in generational research on wine consumption behaviour and which provides insights not available using one method alone.
Objective
Research has investigatedracial and ethnic discrimination in America without examining discrimination complaints or focusing on housing. To help fill this void, we explore volume and ...outcomes in Fair Housing Act complaints filed by African Americans and Latinos between 1989 and 2010 in order to compare enforcement by federal, state, and local civil rights agencies.
Methods
Relying on data obtained from the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), we test a multivariate fixed effects logistic regression model.
Results
First, the data show that African Americans are more likely to file complaints than Latinos, but Latinos are slightly more likely to receive favorable outcomes. Second, an increased number of complaints filed per state capita by each group significantly increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome, but this effect is much smaller and weaker for African Americans than for Latinos. Third, local agencies are significantly more likely to provide favorable outcomes for Latinos than are federal or state agencies.
Conclusion
Taken together, these findings indicate that favorable outcome rates for African Americans are more stable than those for Latinos and that independent variables such as agency caseload and level of government agency produce much greater variance in the favorability rates for Latinos as compared to African Americans.
Service environment research opportunities Baker, Julie; Bentley, Kara; Lamb, Jr, Charles
The Journal of services marketing,
06/2020, Letnik:
34, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Purpose
This paper aims to explore the evolution of the service environment literature and speculates about future research in this area. This paper focuses on studies regarding how the interior and ...exterior environments of physical service settings (including retail stores) influence consumer response. Web atmospherics are not covered in this paper. In addition, while a number of studies have been conducted on retail and service atmospherics elements in other disciplines, such as environmental psychology and leisure and hospitality, the focus is on research published in marketing and consumer-related journals.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper reports the results of empirical studies; however, as there are few empirical studies on the effects of exterior environmental characteristics (e.g. storefronts) in marketing, two conceptual papers on this topic will be reviewed to set the stage for future research on exterior design.
Findings
Over the past 40 years, there has been a proliferation of articles on how service environments influence consumer responses. The review covers illustrative examples of articles in several categories of environmental topics. The areas for future research based on the review are suggested.
Originality/value
An up-to-date review of service environment research that is broad in scope is provided. The authors also propose 41 different research questions based on the review that services scholars can use to take this area of inquiry forward.
Bill Clinton's entire life reflects a strong interest in civil rights. He learned the value of racial tolerance as a child in Arkansas, became a longtime supporter of civil rights policies to protect ...a wide variety of groups, and received solid political backing from racial minorities through the years. Understandably, then, Clinton is often portrayed as a leader on a number of civil rights issues during his two terms in the...
Objective
We investigate how three levels of government have enforced the Fair Housing Act as a cooperative federalism program.
Methods
Based on data obtained from the Department of Housing and Urban ...Development (HUD), we test a multivariate fixed effects logistic regression model.
Results
First, the Fair Housing Act's substantial equivalency requirement and HUD's Fair Housing Assistance Program have enabled state and local civil rights agencies to play an essential role in enforcing national fair housing policy. Second, there is little difference in the extent to which federal, state, and local agencies provide outcomes favorable to fair housing complainants. Third, local agencies have been most likely to provide favorable outcomes in recent years.
Conclusion
Encouraging state and particularly local agencies to participate more actively in fair housing enforcement would strengthen American federalism without significantly affecting complainants’ outcomes. Research involving effectiveness and efficiency in fair housing enforcement reinforces this argument.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the cost of lost productivity in the workplace due to allergic rhinitis compared to other selected medical conditions from an employer perspective.
Setting and ...participants: A total of 8267 US employees at 47 employer locations who volunteered to participate in health/wellness screenings.
Measurements: The Work Productivity Short Inventory was used to assess the impact of a predefined group of health conditions on workplace productivity for the previous 12 months. Both absenteeism and presenteeism (lost productivity while at work) were recorded. Costs were calculated using a standard hourly wage.
Results: Allergic rhinitis was the most prevalent of the selected conditions; 55% of employees reported experiencing allergic rhinitis symptoms for an average of 52.5 days, were absent 3.6 days per year due to the condition, and were unproductive 2.3 h per workday when experiencing symptoms. The mean total productivity (absenteeism + presenteeism) losses per employee per year were US $593 for allergic rhinitis, $518 for high stress, $277 for migraine, $273 for depression, $269 for arthritis/rheumatism, $248 for anxiety disorder, $181 for respiratory infections, $105 for hypertension or high blood pressure, $95 for diabetes, $85 for asthma, and $40 for coronary heart disease. The mean total productivity loss per employee per year due to caregiving was $102 for pediatric respiratory infections, $85 for pediatric allergies, $49 for Alzheimer's disease, and $42 for otitis media/earache.
Conclusions: Allergies are major contributors to the total cost of health-related absenteeism and presenteeism. Payers and employers need to consider this when determining health benefits for employees.
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