States of Human Rights Nash, Kate
Sociologica (Bologna),
01/2011, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sociologists have barely begun to address the paradox that states are both violators and guarantors of human rights. This is necessary if we are contribute to understanding how human rights may be ...institutionalized in practice. There is a need to go beyond the discussion in which cosmopolitan theorists have engaged concerning international human rights law and its effects on states sovereignty, to shift the focus to state autonomy. It is only insofar as states are autonomous that state actors can comply with the international human rights agreements to which they have signed up (in the face of resistance from others who will be disadvantaged by this compliance). And it is also state autonomy that is at stake when officials act in defiance of international human rights norms. Using Charles Tilly's ideal-type of "stateness" and neo-Marxist theory concerning the basis for the relative autonomy of states, the article explores variations in state formation that are relevant to the institutionalization of human rights.
To assess patients' experiences with and perceptions of health coaching as part of their ongoing care.
A qualitative research design using semistructured interviews that were recorded and transcribed ...verbatim.Setting Ottawa, Ont.
Eleven patients (> 18 years of age) enrolled in a health coaching pilot program who were at risk of or diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.
Patients' perspectives were assessed with semistructured interviews. Interviews were conducted with 11 patients at the end of the pilot program, using a stratified sampling approach to ensure maximum variation.
All patients found the overall experience with the health coaching program to be positive. Patients believed the health coaching program was effective in increasing awareness of how diabetes affected their bodies and health, in building accountability for their health-related actions, and in improving access to care and other health resources.
Patients perceive one-on-one health coaching as an acceptable intervention in their ongoing care. Patients enrolled in the health coaching pilot program believed that there was an improvement in access to care, health literacy, and accountability,all factors considered to be precursors to behavioural change.
OBJECTIVE:
To establish a comprehensive, community-based program to improve and sustain self-management support for individuals with chronic diseases and complement office-based strategies to support ...behaviour change.
PARTICIPANTS:
Health service delivery organizations.
SETTING:
The Champlain Local Health Integration Network (LHIN), a health district in Eastern Ontario.
INTERVENTION:
We created Living Healthy Champlain (LHC), a regional organization providing peer leader training and coordination for the group Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP); skills training and mentorship in behaviour change approaches for health care providers; and support to organizations to integrate self-management support into routine practice. We used the RE-AIM framework to evaluate the overall program’s impact by exploring its reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance.
OUTCOME:
A total of 232 Stanford CDSMP sessions (63 during the pilot project and 169 post-pilot) have been held at 127 locations in 24 cities across the Champlain LHIN, reaching approximately 4,000 patients. The effectiveness of the service was established through ongoing evidence reviews, a focus group and a pre-post utilization study of the pilot. LHC trained over 300 peer volunteers to provide the Stanford CDSMP sessions, 98 of whom continue to actively host workshops. An additional 1,327 providers have been trained in other models of self-management support, such as Health Coaching and Motivational Interviewing. Over the study period, LHC grew from a small pilot project to a regional initiative with sustainable provincial funding and was adopted by the province as a model for similar service delivery across Ontario.
CONCLUSION:
A community-based self-management program working in partnership with primary care can be effectively and broadly implemented in support of patients living with chronic conditions.
Intracellular Ca²⁺ stores play a central role in the regulation of cellular Ca²⁺i and the generation of complex Ca²⁺ signals such as oscillations and waves. Ca²⁺ signalling is of particular ...significance in sperm cells, where it is a central regulator in many key activities (including capacitation, hyperactivation, chemotaxis and acrosome reaction) yet mature sperm lack endoplasmic reticulum and several other organelles that serve as Ca²⁺ stores in somatic cells. Here, we review i) the evidence for the expression in sperm of the molecular components (pumps and channels) which are functionally significant in the activity of Ca²⁺ stores of somatic cells and ii) the evidence for the existence of functional Ca²⁺ stores in sperm. This evidence supports the existence of at least two storage organelles in mammalian sperm, one in the acrosomal region and another in the region of the sperm neck and midpiece. We then go on to discuss the probable identity of these organelles and their discrete functions: regulation by the acrosome of its own secretion and regulation by membranous organelles at the sperm neck (and possibly by the mitochondria) of flagellar activity and hyperactivation. Finally, we consider the ability of the sperm discretely to control mobilisation of these stores and the functional interaction of stored Ca²⁺ at the sperm neck/midpiece with CatSper channels in the principal piece in regulation of the activities of mammalian sperm.
The present article is in response to Nancy Fraser's article included in this issue, Transnationalizing the Public Sphere. On the Legitimacy and Efficacy of Public Opinion in a Post-Westphalian ...World, about a public sphere based on transnational ethics that operates without national borders, opposing neoliberal capitalistic injustices globally. According to the author, Fraser considers the importance of not sacrificing the normative for the real. In response the author wants to study changes in mediated communication that do not yet meet the normative criteria analyzed by Fraser, but important for democratic potential nevertheless: 1) in transnational media and formal institutions, both political efficacy and normative legitimacy need to be included in and through public spheres and beyond national state; 2) the implications of existing organizational forms of media, focusing on Boltanski's Distant Suffering on both the possibilities and the difficulties of commitment to distant suffering; 3) considering Fraser's distinction between political efficacy and normative legitimacy, their possibilities for the post-Westphalian public sphere, stressing the transformation of proto-cosmopolitanism to achieve participatory parity. References. O. van Zijl
This article aims to provide an overview of a collaborative service improvement project that was undertaken by midwives at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust to improve services for women in ...early labour. The labour triage line was set up to increase the consistency of information and advice provided to women in early labour and to enable women to feel confident in using coping strategies to help them remain at home during early labour. It was hoped that this would reduce the number of women attending the labour ward for early labour assessment and increase both Women's and midwives' satisfaction with the service provided. A review of early labour services was initially undertaken to inform the project. This revealed that most women in early labour telephoned and were assessed on the labour ward with only a small proportion receiving advice about coping strategies. A survey of postnatal women found that the provision of calm, friendly advice over the telephone was reassuring, with more than half of the women surveyed stating that their experience of early labour could be improved through good telephone advice from a midwife. Following this, the telephone labour triage line was implemented and evaluated following a 6-month pilot. Feedback from women suggested a high degree of satisfaction with the service and a significant improvement in midwives discussing coping strategies with women in early labour. Other findings included an increase in the use of the midwifery-led unit and normal birth rate for low-risk first-time mothers. The triage line has now been extended to 24 hours and will move to the new midwifery-led unit that is being built this year where the outcomes will continue to be monitored.
Abstract
This article explores the Pinochet case, widely heralded as a landmark, as a case of ‘intermestic’ human rights that raises difficult normative and empirical questions concerning ...cosmopolitan justice. The article is a contribution to the sociology of human rights from the perspective of methodological cosmopolitanism, developing conceptual tools and methods to study how cosmopolitanizing state institutions and cultural norms are inter‐related. The argument is made that in order to understand issues of cosmopolitan justice, sociologists must give more consideration to political culture.
This article explores the Pinochet case, widely heralded as a landmark, as a case of ‘intermestic’ human rights that raises difficult normative and empirical questions concerning cosmopolitan ...justice. The article is a contribution to the sociology of human rights from the perspective of methodological cosmopolitanism, developing conceptual tools and methods to study how cosmopolitanizing state institutions and cultural norms are inter‐related. The argument is made that in order to understand issues of cosmopolitan justice, sociologists must give more consideration to political culture.
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