Comments are offered on issues in translation theory. An international conference on the Translation of Philosophy is praised; some papers to be published are noted. Several translation concepts are ...addressed: fidelity vs servility in literal translation, translating universal idioms, inclusion of the words elitism & populism in the international lexicon, defense mechanisms for uncertain translational situations, & difficulties in translation. Itamar Even-Zohar's "Polysystem Studies" (see abstract 9109555) is reviewed & found generally inadequate. Four kinds of meaning important to translation theory are explained: lexical, grammatical, & punctuational, & sonic. The book Words, Words, Words (Anderman, Gunilla, & Rogers, Margaret, Eds, 1996) is approved for its handling of vocabulary studies for first- & second-language learners & translators; authors' contributions are noted, particularly Newmark's chapter on the English language's rich lexicon & grammar. E. Taylor
Brief commentaries on various subjects concerning translation technique & regulation, including the use of pause, repetition, terminology, clause structure, paraphrase, & semantics. Also included are ...reviews of two books, Paul Kussmaul's Training the Translator (1995) & David Snelling's Strategies for Simultaneous Interpreting: From Romance Languages into English (1992), as well as an article by D. J. Hunns, "The Need for Capital Letters in Translation" (see LLBA 30/3, 9605649). L. R. Bailey
Various issues, themes, & information pertinent to translation studies are presented in the form of brief paragraphs. Included are discussions of the familiarization effect, translation as literary ...criticism, hermeneutic translation, & rendering hype in translation. The work of Gideon Toury & Eugene Nida; problems involved in translating Franz Kafka's Amerika; the appearance of the fifth French-English dictionary in 1995; brochures translated into German, French, & English for Lincoln Cathedral; repetition in French grammar; & the translation of metonyms are also discussed. It is suggested that translators must maintain as much fidelity in information texts as possible, including making clear the sense of the whole text, resisting the rearrangement of clauses & groups within sentences & translating literal language by metaphor. D. M. Smith
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