Objective A consensual definition of occupational burnout is currently lacking. We aimed to harmonize the definition of occupational burnout as a health outcome in medical research and reach a ...consensus on this definition within the Network on the Coordination and Harmonisation of European Occupational Cohorts (OMEGA-NET). Methods First, we performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Embase (January 1990 to August 2018) and a semantic analysis of the available definitions. We used the definitions of burnout and burnout-related concepts from the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED-CT) to formulate a consistent harmonized definition of the concept. Second, we sought to obtain the Delphi consensus on the proposed definition. Results We identified 88 unique definitions of burnout and assigned each of them to 1 of the 11 original definitions. The semantic analysis yielded a first proposal, further reformulated according to SNOMED-CT and the panelists` comments as follows: "In a worker, occupational burnout or occupational physical AND emotional exhaustion state is an exhaustion due to prolonged exposure to work-related problems". A panel of 50 experts (researchers and healthcare professionals with an interest for occupational burnout) reached consensus on this proposal at the second round of the Delphi, with 82% of experts agreeing on it. Conclusion This study resulted in a harmonized definition of occupational burnout approved by experts from 29 countries within OMEGA-NET. Future research should address the reproducibility of the Delphi consensus in a larger panel of experts, representing more countries, and examine the practicability of the definition.
Background. Our goal is to introduce the international cooperation of the Drug Treatment Centre in Murska Sobota in European project of the development of the final processing index under patronage ...of the Pompidou-group. The principal goal of the research was to collect the basic informations for the development of the final processing index and the introduction of unified epidemiological attendance of drug users in different European cities.Methods. The quality research method was used in this research.Difficulties in development of unified attendance of the phenomenon are discribed and informations which should be included in such a system are exposed.15 European cities from 6 different countries cooperated in this project.The project has bin going on for 12 months and includet minimum 20 questionaris.Results. There are introduced basic habbits which were recognized in centre in Murska Sobota. Comparative informationes which we could comprehend with other cities and issuficiences which we recognized at the treatment.Conclusions. It is about the first experiment of collecting such unified information in this area. It is important to compare the information that indicate the initial treatment with the concluded treatment.The continuation of work on developing and indicative and preparation of adequate protocol which will settle the unified convoyment of treatment at the beginning, and on the end is one of the priorities of epidemic work on the area of drugs in Europe and in Slovenia.
We review outcome of 14 methadone-maintenance patients who were offered a choice of administrative discharge or a methadone-dose contingency contract for continued drug abuse. In the three months ...before intervention, only 38% of urines were drug-free, while 55% were drug-free during the three-month intervention. Marked improvement occurred during the first month, while later the effect faded. Nine patients discontinued or reduced drug abuse, arriving at stable or fluctuating dose, and did not detoxify. Five others continued drug abuse, eventually reducing their methadone doses to zero. The procedure at least temporarily reduced drug abuse among the former group, but lack of uniformity in applying contingencies may have weakened the effect. Considering the spreading AIDS epidemic, we review the confusing literature on management of still-abusing methadone maintenance patients and suggest a protocol for their treatment.
THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM Zeman, Silvija; Perdija, Zeljko; Grosu, Stanislav ...
Economic and Social Development: Book of Proceedings,
09/2020
Conference Proceeding
The discovery of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has not only increased our understanding of the effects of plant cannabinoids, but also increased our understanding of human biochemistry as well as ...opened up avenues towards new therapeutic targets. Phytocannabinoids as well as their synthetic counterparts are known to engage with our endocannabinoid system; hence our understanding of the basic biochemistry of this pivotal signaling system offers insights into beneficial and therapeutic uses of these molecules. There is a plethora of research data and scientific peer-reviewed papers on the topic of cannabinoids, the ECS and health/disease. Much data has been gathered from epidemiological and biomedical research, thus providing patients and medical professionals with good foundations for the use of cannabinoids in medicine. But understanding the biochemistry of the ECS and the role this signaling system plays in human physiology is the key to the proper use of these potent molecules.
Reviews the principles & types of fieldwork that, as a form of community intervention, supplement other public health & social activities. In Slovenia, fieldwork is needed because existing ...interventions have not succeeded in reaching all targeted individuals nor offered all the services targeted groups need. The aim of fieldwork is mainly to reach individuals & groups who may need health & social services but are not in contact with them. Fieldwork has to be developed on the basis of epidemiological assessment in the field & the needs of drug users; fieldwork also requires supervision. Here, fieldwork with drug users is described, highlighting interventions designed to prevent AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). 9 References. Adapted from the source document.
In a sample of 55 consecutive methadone maintenance admissions to our clinic, 42% were diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) using the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic ...Interview Schedule NIMH DIS. Individuals with ASPD exhibited greater risk for HIV infection as defined by more sexual contacts, needle use and equipment sharing. Data at 1 year follow-up were obtained on this group of patients. The objective was to compare the ASPD and non-ASPD groups with regards to demographics, drug abuse history, outcome and retention in treatment. There were no significant differences between the groups on any demographic or treatment outcome variables. Survival analysis indicated that there were no group differences in treatment retention. In conclusion, although there were no differences in treatment outcome between ASPD and non-ASPD groups it is possible that ASPD patients who drop out of treatment will be at higher risk for contracting and spreading HIV within the IV drug using population. These data also suggest that in this population the diagnosis of ASPD using primarily behavioral traits as measured in the NIMH-DIS-III, has little utility in predicting treatment outcome.
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