This article describes still insufficiently known technology of pot marigold cultivation with the compost produced from the organic waste of the processing of medicinal plants. For the first time the ...application was analyzed of different amounts of compost (control – without compost, 2, 10 and 30 kg/m2) on the morphological, productive and qualitative parameters of two pot marigold varieties (Domaći oranž and Plamen Plus). During the five-year period, the best results in both tested pot marigold varieties were achieved with the 30 kg/m2 compost application. The yield of dry flower was higher for the Domaći oranž pot marigold variety fertilized with 30 kg/m2 compost (1957.4 kg/ha) compared with the Plamen Plus variety (451.1 kg/ha). A significantly higher fresh flower yield of the Domaći oranž variety greatly influenced the increase in the quantities of examined quality parameters (total carotenoids, total phenolic, total flavonoids, and DPPH reduction), whose content was higher in the Plamen Plus variety. The artificial neural network model, was built applying the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm, exerted the adequate forecasting abilities for the productivity and quality of pot marigold flowers and the influence of compost material, produced from medicinal plants waste (R2 was 0.837 for the training period). This research demonstrates that it is possible to use organic waste obtained in the processing of medicinal plants, supporting the effectiveness of a circular economy model in the cultivation of pot marigold.
•Compost from the processing of medicinal plants contains macro-, microelements and organic matter.•This compost positively affects the productive properties and quality of pot marigold flowers.•The obtained results can be useful in the cultivation of other plant species.
Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr. is a legume and the second most planted crop
after maize in worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
change in the total plastid pigments content in ...three soybean varieties
depending on the date of sowing and the row spacing was studied during four
consecutive years (2018-2021). The Avigea, Isidor and Richi varieties, sown
on three dates (I - 28 March - 05 April; II - 19-24 April; III - 09-14 May)
at row spacing of 25, 45 and 70 cm were studied in field conditions. The
plastid pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids) was determined
in fresh plant samples in the beginning of pod formation stage. The total
content of plastid pigments and the chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b and
chlorophyll a + chlorophyll b/carotenoids ratios were calculated. The total
plastid pigments content varied by years and varieties depending on the date
of sowing and row spacing. The date of sowing was found as a factor with
stronger effect on the plastid pigments content compared to the row spacing.
On average for the period it was found that the total plastid pigments
content in the Avigea variety decreased compared to the first date of sowing
at all three row spacing, most pronounced at 45 cm. The reduction reached
25.59% on the second date and up to 19.02% on the third sowing date. The
strongest effect of the date of sowing on the plastid pigments content was
found in the Richi variety on the third date of sowing, where the increase
was up to 64.33% at a row spacing of 25 cm and up to 36.02% at a row spacing
of 70 cm compared to the first date. The row spacing factor had a smaller
effect - for Avigea variety a decrease of 12.31% was reported on the second
sowing date and a row spacing of 45 cm compared to the 70 cm accepted row
spacing and for Richi variety by 15.79% on the first date and row spacing 45
cm. The chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio decreased at a row spacing of 25
at the second (for Isidor and Richi) and third sowing dates (for Avigea and
Isidor).
This research was aimed to analyse the current state in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Serbia, regarding chemistry teachers? initial education and self-perceived competencies. As an ...instrument, a questionnaire of 20 questions was used, which was prepared in the form of a Google questionnaire. The questions were divided into five groups to examine data on the structure of chemistry teachers (gender, age, place and school where they teach), the level of education obtained and the method of acquisition and acquired competencies, and finally the personal opinion of chemistry teachers about the teaching profession, advantages, disadvantages and possible recommendations to his/her students in terms of choosing this profession as a possible career. The questionnaire was sent to 1537 schools and 497 chemistry teachers took part in the questionnaire. The results showed that chemistry teachers are predominantly women, mostly aged 36?55, full-time employed and with an average working experience of over 11 years. Most teachers have appropriate education and acquired competencies. They cite working with children as the biggest advantage of the teaching profession while as the biggest disadvantage, they report a constant increase in the amount of administration from year to year.
Faba bean is the third most important legume species after peas and beans in the world. The study on the influence of the biostimulator Slavol-S on the morphological and production characteristics of ...faba beans (Vicia faba var. minor) were carried out in the growing seasons of two successive years, in the agro-ecological conditions of Banja Luka. During the field research, the following parameters were analyzed: plant height (cm), number of pods per plant, pod length (cm), number of grains per pod, weight of grains per pod (g), harvest index (%) and grain yield (kg ha-1). Two-year average height of the plants in the control treatment was 81.3 cm and under the treatment with biostimulator Slavol-S it was 105.1 cm. The effect of the treatment with the biostimulator on the height was highly significant in both years. Two-year average number of pods per plant in the control treatment was 9.25, while in the treatment with the biostimulator it was 12.38. The effect of biostimulator on the number of pods per plant was highly significant. In the control variant, two year average number of seed per plant was 1.97, while biostimulator treatment provided 2.41 seeds per plant. Two year average harvest index under the treatment with biostimulator was 9.33% higher than in the control variant. The impact of biostimulants was highly statistically significant and is recommended for improving beans production.
The number, activity and diversity of microorganisms define the level of biogenicity and indicate the quality and health of the soil. The abundance and structure of microbial communities vary in ...different types of soils, so in order to preserve and protect natural and agroecological systems, in addition to physical-chemical analyses, monitoring of dynamics of microbiological activity in agricultural and non-agricultural soil is also necessary. Each type of soil has its own characteristic micro biocenosis, and different methods of soil use can have a positive or negative impact on microbiological activity, which directly affects the fertility of the soil. Soil bacteria are very important in biogeochemical cycles, and biological nitrogen fixation plays an important role in nitrogen cycling by transferring atmospheric dinitrogen into the soil. It is performed by symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixing microorganisms, called nitrogen fixators. Amonificators are bacteria that play a very important role in soil ecosystem, as well as nitrogen fixators. This group of bacteria participates in the processes of protein decomposition and transformation. The aim of the paper is to indicate, based on the presence of nitrogen fixators and amonificators in soil under ashes, the biogenicity of this soil at four different localities: pure ashes, soil under ashes covered with herbaceous vegetation, soil under ashes covered with wood vegetation and agricultural soil, and to give advice on future activities regarding recultivation of these types of soil under ashes. The results of the research showed that microorganisms are mostly represented in different numbers in the tested soils, which indicates variations on the soil biogenicity and quality.
Composting of mixed medicinal plant waste was performed with the addition of mixture of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), including Streptomyces sp., Paenybacillus sp., Bacillus sp., and ...Hymenobacter sp., and portions of spent coffee grounds (SCG). To assess the maturity and quality parameters of the compost, chemical and biological parameters (C/N ratio, loss of organic matter, CO2 production, dehydrogenase activity (DHA), and phytotoxicity) were evaluated during the three months of the composting process. The results revealed that the control sample (without the addition of SCG and PGPB) had evidently lower values of DHA during the entire monitoring period in comparison to other samples, indicating lower microbial activity in the compost mixture. Also, according to the released CO2, the composting process was accelerated in all samples where the SCG and PGPB were added, enabling a reduction in time needed for mixed plant waste to decompose. The germination index (GI) of the tested seeds indicated that the produced compost was acceptable and safe, with regard to all of the evaluated samples. However, at the end of the process the samples contained SCG and PGPB, which caused an increase of more than 50% of the GI in comparison to the control sample, expressing a high phyto-stimulant effect and improving the biofertilization impact.
Keywords: Linum usitatissimum L., flaxseed oil, seed, sensory traits, chemical traits, medicinal properties INTRODUCTION Linum usitatissimum L. contains up to 45% oil. he fatty acid composition, ...especially the high linolenic acid content of linseed oil makes it a valuable raw material for food and medicinal purposes. Flaxseed oil is used in a wide variety of applications, including additives in PVC plastics, antirust agents, laquers and paints, aroma substances for the food industry (Bonnarme et al., 1997) or volatile com-pounds for obtaining a fresh green odour to off setthe decreased odour caused by the processing of vegetables (Noordermeer et al., 2002). Unlike lowlands, some mountain valleys with moderate summer temperatures, high number of sunny hours and permanent wind activity create almost ideal conditions in the period of oil seed flax ripening. Since 2004, the seed has been multiplied on more locations with different climate conditions showing excellent adaptability.
Buckwheat is an economically important gluten free cereal, and it is a good source of protein, fiber, and energy. The field experiments with buckwheat variety “Novosadska” were set in two ...experimental years in Pancevo, Serbia. The aim of this study was to determine the most optimal technology for buckwheat production. The study aims were to investigate the effects of (1) row spacing: RS1-25 cm and RS2-50 cm; (2) nutrition variants: (N1) 0 kg ha−1 NPK; (N2) NPK 30 kg ha−1; (N3) NPK 60 kg ha−1; and (N4) NPK 90 kg ha−1; (3) environment: Y1-2018 and Y2-2019; and their interactions on the plant height (PH), number of lateral branches (NoLB), mass of seeds per plant (MSP), number of seeds per plant (NoSP), buckwheat grain yield (GY); and (4) the correlations among these traits. All tested parameters of buckwheat significantly varied across row spacing, environment, and nutrition. The average grain yield in the row spacing, RD1-25 cm, was significantly higher than in the wider spacing, RD2-50 cm, and in 2018 than 2019 as well as with the nutrition NPK applied in the amount of 90 kg ha−1 in relation with all the other nutrition variants. All the studied agronomic traits were positively and strongly correlated with GY.
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the most important forage plant species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In this study, conducted in Banja Luka, the investigated ten alfalfa genotypes originated from ...different regions of USA and Europe. The study objective was to determine their grain yield per plants and four morphological properties. The interactions analyses provided to select individual genotypes that are shown the highest stability and yield potential in different production conditions. Genotype with the highest yield shown lower stability level. The influence year and genotype on GYP - the grain yield per plants for investigated alfalfa genotypes was significant (Fexp=7.54* and Fexp= 8.34*). The highest average value for investigated parameter in the first research year had genotypes G53 and G44 and in second research year genotype G2. The lowest value in both research years had genotype G100 (0.28 kg ha-1 and 0.30 kg ha-1. Positive and strong correlations were found between the grain yield per plants and the number of pods per plants (r= 0.74**) and the grain yield per plant and the number of flower per inflorescence (r= 0.51*). On the basis of the obtained values, we conclude that we have excellent genotypes G2, G44, G53 and G51 for successful breeding work in order to obtain new high-yielding varieties of alfalfa.
This study aimed to determine the variability properties of four major types of Amaranthus species in protein and amino acids content in leaves and flowers. Obtained results by ion exchange ...chromatography in our study have shown high values for the content of essential amino acids lysine and methionine. In the leaf, the lysine content ranged from 3.9 (A. caudatus) to 7.0 (A. cruentus; A. moleros), and in the flowers from 4.2 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. molleros). The methionine content ranged from 3.1 (A. caudatus) to 7.4 (A. mantegazzianus) in the leaf and in the flower from 2.9 (A. caudatus) to 6.7 (A. mantegazzianus). Besides lysine and methionine, significant values of other essential amino acids were recorded, respectively. Significant concentrations of total proteins were recorded in all examined genotypes. The heritability of the studied characters as protein and mineral content of seeds and leaves, and oil contents of seed were significantly high. The maximum values of the protein content of seeds were 16.55% (A. cruentus), in leaves 20.10% (A. caudatus), and the minerals in seeds 2.73% (A. moleros), and leaves 18.76% (A. mantegazzianus). The oil content of seeds was 6.16% (A. moleros). The oil content of the seed’s proportion of genetic variance to total phenotypic variance was 72%, and it has a significant impact on ecological factors. Tested divergent Amaranthus genotypes may serve as parents for further crossing. Amaranth seeds is gluten-free and is important in the diet of celiac patients and contains amino acids, especially lysine, which acts against the herpes virus. Amaranth from amaranth leaves biologically active substance that prevents heart muscle damage during ischemic processes. Amaranth seed oil has hypolipemic, anti-atherosclerotic, hypotensive and antioxidant activity.
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