The aim of the study was a comparative analysis of legislative measures against discrimination in healthcare on the grounds of a) race and ethnicity, b) religion and belief, and c) gender identity ...and sexual orientation in Croatia, Germany, Poland and Slovenia.
We conducted a search for documents in national legal databases and reviewed legal commentaries, scientific literature and official reports of equality bodies. We integrated a comparative method with text analysis and the critical interpretive approach. The documents were examined in their original languages: Croatian, German, Polish, and Slovenian.
All examined states prohibit discrimination and guarantee the right to healthcare on the constitutional level. However, there are significant differences among them on the statutory level, regarding both anti-discriminatory legal measures and other legislation affecting access to healthcare for groups of diverse race or ethnicity, religion or belief, sexual orientation or gender identity. Croatia and Slovenia show the most comprehensive legislation concerning non-discrimination in healthcare in comparison to Germany and even more Poland. Except for Slovenia, explicit provisions protecting equal access for members of the abovementioned groups are insufficiently represented in healthcare legislation.
The study identified legislative barriers to access to healthcare for persons of diverse race or ethnicity, religion or belief, sexual orientation or gender identity in Croatia, Germany, Poland and Slovenia. The discrepancies in the level of implementation of anti-discriminatory measures among these states show that there is a need for comprehensive EU-wide regulations, which would implement the principle of equal treatment in the specific context of healthcare. General anti-discrimination regulations should be strengthened by inclusion of anti-discrimination provisions directly into national legislation relating specifically to the area of healthcare.
V članku je sistematično predstavljena življenjska in poklicna pot zdravnice, zgodovinarke medicine in medicinske humanistke prof. dr. Zvonke Zupanič Slavec, od leta 1992 predstojnice Instituta za ...zgodovino medicine pri Medicinski fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani. Prvič do zdaj je celostno pregledan, sintetiziran in ovrednoten njen obsežni opus.
Due to cultural, language, or legal barriers, members of social minority groups face challenges in access to healthcare. Equality of healthcare provision can be achieved through raised diversity ...awareness and diversity competency of healthcare professionals. The aim of this research was to explore the experiences and attitudes of healthcare professionals toward the issue of social diversity and equal access to healthcare in Croatia, Germany, Poland, and Slovenia.
The data reported come from semi-structured interviews with
= 39 healthcare professionals. The interviews were analyzed using the methods of content analysis and thematic analysis.
Respondents in all four countries acknowledged that socioeconomic factors and membership in a minority group have an impact on access to healthcare services, but its scope varies depending on the country. Underfunding of healthcare, language barriers, inadequate cultural training or lack of interpersonal competencies, and lack of institutional support were presented as major challenges in the provision of diversity-responsive healthcare. The majority of interviewees did not perceive direct systemic exclusion of minority groups; however, they reported cases of individual discrimination through the presence of homophobia or racism.
To improve the situation, systemic interventions are needed that encompass all levels of healthcare systems - from policies to addressing existing challenges at the healthcare facility level to improving the attitudes and skills of individual healthcare providers.
Honor and shame are ideas that can be dealt with outside the ethics of virtues; they are generated morally, culturally, economically, indirectly and through religion. Even the knowledge of culturally ...incongruous, culturally specific or historical remnants of the forms of honor determines our current feeling of honor, which is why the notion of honor often involves different dimensions and perspectives. When we talk about honor in everyday life, we merge honor with other similar, although different concepts or consequences of honor. When attempting to define and describe honor, we use tropes, e.g. metaphors and metonymies. We try to hide our shame as much as possible, and we rarely call it by its real name. In special situations we use proverbs, moral or philosophical maxims, or other figures of speech in an attempt to achieve the strongest rhetorical impact or to indirectly influence someone’s opinion. In doing so, we rely on our feeling of honor; the very feeling that fails when people deviate from honor. Deviations from honor are the departures that we witness in the media descriptions of the famous and elsewhere in public life; all these are the forms of public honor and pathological ambition and violence towards the weak in the name of honor. Numerous relations between words appear in everyday life, referring to all instances of honor and shame. What is important is how the current social, cultural and historical moment influences the understanding of honor, especially in the light of human rights violation, limiting the rights of women, the separation of church and state, hate speech, violence and celebrating false honor. Referring to one’s honor is a matter of morality, symbolic capital, social relations and the principle of ineradicable equality among people, as determined by human rights documents.
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