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Abstract
Fiscal deficits, elevated debt-to-GDP ratios, and high inflation rates suggest hyperinflation could have potentially emerged in many European countries after World War I. We demonstrate that ...economic policy uncertainty was a key driver pushing a subset of European countries into hyperinflation shortly after the end of the war. Germany, Austria, Poland and Hungary (GAPH) suffered from frequent uncertainty shocks—and correspondingly high levels of uncertainty—caused by protracted political negotiations over reparations payments, the apportionment of the Austro-Hungarian debt and border disputes. In contrast, other European countries exhibited lower levels of measured uncertainty between 1919 and 1925, allowing them more capacity with which to implement credible commitments to their fiscal and monetary policies. Impulse response functions show that increased uncertainty caused a rise in inflation contemporaneously and for a few months afterwards in GAPH, but this effect was absent or much more limited for other European countries.
The publication contains the edited minutes of the Cisleithanian Council of Ministers 1868-1871. This period, immediately following the Austro-Hungarian compromise, represents a major reconstruction ...of the Habsburg Monarchy from the unit Empire Austria (Kaisertum Österreich) into the dualistic monarchy Austria-Hungary. This is also mirrored in the minutes of the Council of Ministers. Being one of the highest institutions of the state this concil had to deal with a wide range of topics that were prepared for the imperial decision. The publication of the edited minutes opens up a source for further historical research in all fields of sciences, also beyond political historiography (e.g. history of economy, of financial economy, of social sciences, of everyday life, or of technology).
Die Publikation enthält die edierten Protokolle des cisleithanischen Ministerrats aus dem Zeitabschnitt 1868-1871. Diese Zeitperiode, die unmittelbar an den österreichisch- ungarischen Ausgleich anschloss, stellt eine der großen innenpolitischen Umbruchsphasen der Habsburgermonarchie dar, was sich auch in den Protokollen des Ministerrats, der eines der höchsten Staatsorgane war, niedergeschlagen hat. Aufgrund der großen Breite an Themen, die von dem Gremium behandelt und entschieden wurden, erschließt sich durch die Publikation der edierten Protokolle für die historischen Wissenschaften ein Quellenbestand, der eine Vielzahl von Anknüpfungspunkten für neue Forschungen auch abseits der politischen Geschichtsschreibung bietet (so etwa in den Bereichen der Wirtschafts-, Finanz-, Sozial-, Alltags-und Technikgeschichte).
This important critical study of the history of public art museums in Austria-Hungary explores their place in the wider history of European museums and collecting, their role as public institutions, ...and their involvement in the complex cultural politics of the Habsburg Empire .
Focusing on institutions in Vienna, Cracow, Prague, Zagreb, and Budapest, The Museum Age in Austria-Hungary traces the evolution of museum culture over the long nineteenth century, from the 1784 installation of imperial art collections in the Belvedere Palace (as a gallery open to the public) to the dissolution of Austria-Hungary after the First World War. Drawing on source materials from across the empire, the authors reveal how the rise of museums and display was connected to growing tensions between the efforts of Viennese authorities to promote a cosmopolitan and multinational social, political, and cultural identity, on the one hand, and, on the other, the rights of national groups and cultures to self-expression. They demonstrate the ways in which museum collecting policies, practices of display, and architecture engaged with these political agendas and how museums reflected and enabled shifting forms of civic identity, emerging forms of professional practice, the production of knowledge, and the changing composition of the public sphere.
Original in its approach and sweeping in scope, this fascinating study of the museum age of Austria-Hungary will be welcomed by students and scholars interested in the cultural and art history of Central Europe.
Concessions were strictly delimited enclaves within key trading cities in China, ceded to and governed by foreign powers after ‘unequal treaties’ resulting from military campaigns. Within the ...international concession of Tientsin (today’s Tianjin), a city to the south-east of Beijing, nine nations were present (1860-1946), but the Austro-Hungarian concession (1901-17) fell into oblivion. Filling this scientific gap is the overall goal of this book: its urban and architectural history will be contextualised here for the first time, making use of hitherto unknown archival material.
Konzessionen waren genau abgesteckte Handelsenklaven in Chinesischen Handelsstädten, die in Folge aufgezwungener Verträge nach kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen an fremde Besatzungsmächte übergeben und von jenen verwaltet wurden. Innerhalb der Internationalen Konzession von Tientsin (heute Tianjin), einer Stadt südöstlich von Peking, waren zwischen 1860 und 1946 insgesamt neun Nationen präsent, jedoch ist die Österreichisch-Ungarische Konzession (sie bestand zwischen 1901 und 1917) heute komplett in Vergessenheit geraten. Ziel der vorliegenden Publikation ist es, diese wissenschaftliche Fehlstelle zu schließen: ihre städtebauliche und architektonische Entwicklungsgeschichte wird hier das erste Mal kontextualisiert, und dies mit bisher unbekanntem Archivmaterial untermauert.
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