Paper discusses unique characteristics of the Škocjan Caves and karst surrounding with special consideration on natural phenomena recognized by UNESCO as globally outstanding. Besides UNESCO’s ...recognition of natural phenomena, the area is rich also with cultural heritage dated back to several thousands of years and inhabited nowadays. Present-day rural land use and architecture complement natural characteristics contribute to aesthetic value of the well-conserved area. The paper addresses main problems that threaten sustainable management of the area, namely pollution by the sinking Reka River and tourism. Despite cessation of strong organic pollution of the Reka River in 1990s and some precursory mitigation afterward, threat of pollution by active and past activities still exist. To prevent negative impacts the tourism management plan is prepared regularly and implemented by the park’s manager. The latter invests income from tourism and other funds into infrastructure that minimizes impact on the cave and its surroundings. All important climatic, biologic and geomorphic parameters are monitored, and results shared within the park’s expert council and at occasional international conferences. Continuous research and adoption of regular monitoring are important to predict future trends and to preserve cave in the frame of sustainable cave management.
Occurrence of Quercus banatus P. Kučera (= Q. aurea Wierzb., nom illeg.; Q. dalechampii auct. medioeur. non Ten.) was confirmed in Slovenia during a brief trip to Škocjan Caves in the Škocjan Caves ...Regional Park (southwestern Slovenia). The species is not recognized in the national Slovenian flora – Mala flora Slovenije, although it was recorded in the Atlas Florae Europaeae (under the name “Q. dalechampii”). Q. banatus individuals were recently found on two sites: on the slope of a natural bridge between collapse dolines Velika dolina and Mala dolina and on parking lot next to the Park’s Information Centre.
Historical air temperatures at three karst caves in Slovenia have been compared to current data time series. In Postojnska Jama (PJ), the most visited show cave in Slovenia, the significant ...temperature difference between historical and modern measurements at the Pulpito site relates to the months April to November. Mean monthly temperatures measured at the Sepolcro site (PJ) in the modern period (2016–2019) are year round significantly higher than in the historical period (1935–1937). The temperature increase over the last 85 years in PJ is attributed to outside temperature rise and additional heat input from visitors, especially for Sepolcro site. A comparison of current (2017–2019) and historical (1956–1957) temperature data in touristically poorly visited Predjama Cave shows lower increase as in PJ and is completely related to outside cave conditions. In the case of Škocjanske Jame (Tiha Jama), air temperature has not significantly increased since the historical 1928 measurements because the monitoring site looks to be morphologically isolated from significant impacts of outside climate and visitors.
Abstract
The aim of the study done in 2011 and 2012 was to identify the number of breeding bird species, to provide population estimates as well as to evaluate the conservational importance of ...Škocjan Caves Park for birds. Common bird species were surveyed using the territory mapping method. Rare species and nocturnally active species were surveyed using species-specific methods: observation, the playback method and the line transect method. 81 species were registered, 49 of which bred within the boundaries of the Park. The most abundant breeding species were Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla (260-320 breeding pairs), Robin Erithacus rubecula (250-310 breeding pairs), Blackbird Turdus merula (230-280 breeding pairs), Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs (230-280 breeding pairs) and Marsh Tit Poecile palustris (200-240 breeding pairs). Qualifying species for the Special Protected Area (SPA) Kras (SI5000023) also bred within the Park: Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus, Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus, Scops Owl Otus scops and Woodlark Lululla arborea. Eagle Owl Bubo bubo was also registered, but breeding attempts during the study period were unsuccessful due to the negative influence of several factors. One of the largest colonies of Alpine Swifts Apus melba, a rare and localized species in Slovenia, is also of conservation concern.
Extended description:
Information:
UNESCO proclaimed the Škocjanske Caves Park as a karst biosphere reserve and included the park in the Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Original language summary:
...UNESCO je park Škocjanske jame razglasil za kraško biosferno območje in ga vključil v program Človek in biosfera.
This paper presents a comparative study of the Ardeche Gorge Natural Reserve (France) and the Skocjan Caves Regional Park (Slovenia). As major tourist attractions, both these areas have progressively ...structured their economies around tourism, although they have implemented very different development and karst landscape protection policies. In very simplistic terms, management of the Ardeche Gorge can be described as very laxest, whereas development in the Skocjan Caves is much more strictly controlled. When examined from this preservation/development perspective, the differences in the ways the two sites are managed can be traced through a diachronic approach to the history of their tourism development. In fine, this comparative approach illustrates how two processes between tourism and preservation policies structure territories development on karst areas.
Rad se bavi ekonomskim razvojem društveno krhkog seoskog područja čija je prirodna i
kulturna baština zaštićena posebnim zakonom. Ovaj je predmet, općenito, krajnje važan jer
je društvena krhkost ...ruralne zajednice i njezinih pojedinačnih gospodarstava povezana s
krhkim prirodnim okružjem, oskudnim prirodnim resursima i nerazvijenom infrastrukturom,
ali je taj predmet istraživanja u zaštićenim seoskim područjima na vrhu liste relevantnosti.
Problem suvremenog društva jest kako ta područja održati naseljenim u uvjetima
kada su gospodarske djelatnosti stanovnika ograničene restrikcijama. Autorica u radu iznosi
rezultate istraživanja gospodarskog (ekonomskog) proizvoda Regionalnog parka Škocjanske
jame u Sloveniji kao primjer zaštite koja djeluje poticajno na lokalni razvoj.
Identificirana gospodarska proizvodnja Parka Škocjanske jame sastoji se od gospodarskih
aktivnosti koje je kao poželjne odabralo 19 od 25 mjesnih kućanstava, s jedne strane, i
zajedničkih djelatnosti koje izvodi mjesno turističko društvo, na drugoj strani. Sukladno
interesima i raspoloživosti uvjeta da se izvedu odabrane gospodarske aktivnosti definiran
je gospodarski proizvod svakog kućanstva i određene preporuke kako realizirati zajednički
ekonomski proizvod koji je bio specificiran. Ekonomski proizvodi pojedinačnih gospodarstava
izgledaju prihvatljivim i izvodljivim, ali načini prodaje još uvijek nisu usuglašeni.
U budućnosti osobita se pozornost ima pokloniti suradnji između gospodarstava i zajedničkoj
prodaji lokalnih gospodarskih proizvoda. Složenost i izvedba razvojnog projekta
korak po korak nalaže zajednički rad interdisciplinarnog ekspertskog tima i lokalne zajednice
tijekom duljeg vremena.
Ročno barvana razglednica notranjosti Tihe jame, ki se je nekoč klicala Lutterothina jama, po baronici Emmi von Lutteroth.Razglednica je bila odposlana. Datum na poštnem žigu ni berljiv.
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