Recrystallization characteristics of salt after removing bittern and impurities from solar salt (SD) were investigated. To remove the bittern, the SD was treated at 30, 40 and 50℃ under 95% humidity. ...86% of the bittern was removed when the SD was kept at 30℃ for three weeks. Total amount of impurity in SD was 6.94% (w/w) with organic impurity (5.58%) and inorganic impurity (1.36%). Most organic impurities (89%) were soluble. When the SD was roasted at 350℃ for 40 minutes, 90.14% of the soluble organic impurities were removed; however, the removable organic impurity was reduced, when the SD roasted for 50 minutes at 350℃. L* value decreased while a* and b* values increased when the SD was roasted until 40 minutes at 350℃. In contrast, L* value increased while a*, b* values decreased with SD roasted over 50 minutes at 350℃. The size of recrystallized pure salt was positively correlated to temperature and depth of salt solution, while the crystallization time was negatively correlated to temperature and salinity. Yield of recrystallized salt was negatively correlated to temperature. Overall acceptability tended to increase at low crystallization temperature and high salinity.
By grammar alone? Koryl, Jakub
Tabula (Pula, Croatia),
10/2020
17
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Wilhelm Dilthey once admitted that Matthias Flacius Illyricus either
appropriated the fourth book of Augustine’s De Doctrina Christiana in
detail or took advantage of all of the early Christian ...exegesis in general
in his Clavis Sacrae Scripturae. The aim of this paper is partly polemical.
While Flacius himself frequently proved Dilthey’s unfavorable
judgment to be correct, he also followed the innovatory footsteps of
biblical philologists such as Gianozzo Manetti, Lorenzo Valla and Desiderius
Erasmus in order to reaffirm and concretize the Lutheran principle
of the intelligibility of Scripture based on its strictly immanent,
that is to say grammatical, investigation. Consequently, I would like
to discuss the Clavis Sacrae Scripturae as the confessional yet deliberate
outcome of the grammatical and rhetorical curriculum of studia
humanitatis. All of this, however, will not lead to the conclusion that
the Clavis should still remain the enterprise of a less distinguished
follower. For decisions made by Flacius regarding the tradition of patristic,
medieval, and humanistic exegesis was constantly founded upon
the heuristically critical and genuinely hermeneutical principle. Therefore,
it is worth asking what this principle was, or more precisely, how
can man use philological tools that do not deprive God of his unconditioned
sovereignty
Jednom je Wilhelm Dilthey ocijenio da je Matija Vlačić Ilirik u svojoj
Clavis Sacrae Scripturae ili u potpunosti usvojio Augustinovu De Doctrina
Christiana ili pak iskoristio sve ranije kršćanske egzegeze općenito. Cilj
je ovoga rada dijelom polemičke naravi: s jedne strane Vlačić često
potvrđuje istinitost te Diltheyeve po njega nepovoljne tvrdnje, dok s
druge strane kroči inovativnim stopama biblijskih filologa (Gianozzo
Manetti, Lorenzo Valla i Desiderius Erasmus) nastojeći reafirmirati i
konkretizirati luteranski princip razumijevanja Svetog pisma na temelju
strogo imanentnoga, dakle gramatičkoga, ispitivanja. Posljedično,
u radu se propituje Clavis Sacrae Scripturae kao konfesionalni, ali istovremeno
i slobodno promišljeni ishod gramatičkog i retoričkog kurikula
studia humanitatis. To međutim ne vodi k zaključku da Clavis treba i dalje
smatrati pothvatom manje cijenjenoga sljedbenika jer su neke Vlačićeve
odluke u smislu patrističke tradicije, srednjovjekovne i humanističke
egzegeze dosljedno utemeljene na heurističkoj kritici i istinskom
hermeneutičkom principu. To čini legitimnim propitivanje o kojem je
principu riječ, ili preciznije: na koji način čovjek može primjenjivati filološke
alate koji Boga ne lišavaju njegove neprikosnovenosti?
Pojam pretpostavke/pretpostavki igra značajnu ulogu u biblijskom tumačenju. Svi mi imamo brojna vjerovanja koja pretpostavljamo ili prihvaćamo kad je u pitanju zadaća tumačenja Svetog pisma. ...Biblijskom tekstu nitko ne može pristupiti praznog uma. U ovom ćemo članku, ne tvrdeći da je iscrpan, uputiti na osnovne pretpostavke autentične adventističke biblijske hermeneutike i opisati opća hermeneutička načela koja se iz njih mogu izvesti.
In the Reformed tradition sola Scriptura remains a central tenet in the search for truth.Scripture bears witness to the variety of ways in which God has acted in history. It attests to God’s presence ...in the world and how God transcends the boundaries of human creations. The article focuses on how the Bible is interpreted differently by Christians from various traditions and even amongst Christians of the same tradition. Different hermeneutical approaches, confessional traditions and cultural contexts lead to different conclusions. Especially with regard to controversial ethical issues, different approaches to biblical reasoning lead to greatly differing results. The article reflects on whether sola Scriptura could provide a key to addressing both diversity and ethics more adequately.
A three-dimensional numerical model, developed on the basis of the finite difference method and the volume fluid method, is used to analyze the mechanism of the liquid metal flow and the possibility ...of air entrapment in the injection chamber of die casting machine during the slow shot stage. The model gives designers a clear overall picture of the slow shot process and enables them to optimize the injection parameters.
This book examines the relationship between economics, politics and religion through the case of Olivorio Mateo and the religious movement he inspired from 1908 in the Dominican Republic. The authors ...explore how and why the new religion was formed, and why it was so successful. Comparing this case with other peasant movements, they show ways in which folk religion serves as a response to particular problems which arise in peasant societies during times of stress.
In the 1970s governments in Central and Northern Europe established thermal protection requirements, leading to the reduction of heat transfer through the building envelope. Subsequently, two ...different strategies were employed to decline the heat loss of exterior walls: the first relied on new or modified building materials that possessed decreased thermal conductivity than previously used materials; the second provided a special insulating layer. Concerning detail design, constructions with specialized layers still might appear to be simple but they are complex and fragile on construction level. This leads to the question: Is it possible to design details, which are simple concerning both appearance and construction? In this article I begin with the advantages and constraints of different exterior wall typologies within today’s legal restrictions in Central Europe. After that I focus on to the material lightweight concrete. As a key issue the analysis of different window positions within the wall (flush to the inside/outside wall or in the middle) is presented. Since the source of the investigation has architectural roots, constructive capabilities and design constraints are regarded, too. In the conclusion, future prospects of material development and the consequences for the detail design is given.
En la década de 1970 los gobiernos del centro y norte de Europa establecieron requisitos de protección térmica conducentes a la reducción de la transferencia de calor a través de la envolvente del edificio. Consecuentemente, se emplearon dos tipos de estrategias diferentes para reducir la pérdida de calor de las paredes exteriores: la primera se basaba en el uso de materiales de construcción, nuevos o modificados, que poseían una conductividad térmica reducida respecto a los materiales utilizados anteriormente; la segunda proporcionaba una capa de aislamiento especial. En relación al detalle del diseño, las construcciones con capas especializadas siguen pudiendo parecer simples, pero en el ámbito de la construcción resultan complejas y frágiles. Esto lleva a la pregunta: ¿Es posible diseñar detalles simples, tanto en apariencia como en su construcción? En este artículo se analizan las ventajas y las limitaciones de las diferentes tipologías de paredes exteriores dentro de las restricciones legales actuales en Europa Central. Después la temática se centra en el material de hormigón ligero y, resultando una cuestión clave, se presenta el análisis de las diferentes posiciones de las ventanas dentro de la pared (al ras de la parte interior / exterior de la pared o en el centro). Atendiendo a una fuente de la investigación con raíces arquitectónicas, las capacidades constructivas y limitaciones del diseño también son consideradas. En la conclusión, se apuntan las perspectivas futuras de desarrollo material y las consecuencias para el diseño de detalles.
Sea hares of the genus
Aplysia rely on an array of behavioral and chemical defenses, including the release of ink and opaline, to protect themselves from predation. While many studies have ...demonstrated that ink and opaline are repellent to predators, very little is known about which components of these secretions are active against predators. Ink was previously shown to facilitate the escape of
Aplysia from predatory anemones (
Anthopleura) by eliciting tentacle retraction and/or shriveling, and gastrovascular eversion, but the metabolites mediating this interaction were not identified. We investigated the metabolites in
Aplysia californica secretions that were aversive to the anemone
Anthopleura sola, as demonstrated by tentacle shriveling and/or retraction. We found that ink elicited tentacle shriveling and/or retraction, while opaline elicited a feeding response. The active components in ink do not appear to be diet-dependent, as ink was aversive regardless of diet (natural seaweed diet vs.
Gracilaria ferox). Furthermore, metabolites extracted from
G. ferox were not aversive, suggesting that the aversive components are produced by the sea hares. We then examined escapin, a protein in ink with antimicrobial properties. Escapin quickly forms reaction products when mixed with the amino acids
l-lysine and
l-arginine, which would occur when ink and opaline are released into the sea hare mantle cavity. Neither escapin alone nor escapin mixed with its amino acid substrate
l-lysine elicited aversive behaviors either immediately before or 2 min before applying to the tentacles. In addition, escapin mixed with opaline and applied to tentacles after 2 min did not elicit a significant aversive response. Using bioassay-guided fractionation, we attempted to isolate the components in
A. californica ink that are aversive to
A.
sola. We determined that multiple components in ink, including both lipophilic and hydrophilic constituents, elicited aversive responses. We hypothesize that these components may facilitate
A.
californica's escape from
A. sola by eliciting tentacle shriveling and/or retraction, which lead to anemones dropping ensnared sea hares.
My talk honors the contribution of Ithiel de Sola Pool to empirical political theory, a field pioneered by Pool, David Easton, and Gabriel Almond, inter alia. Pool's 1967 edited volume, Contemporary ...Political Science: Toward Empirical Theory illustrates some of the important early works in this field, a field designed to generate political theory from the systematic examination of empirical data. To demonstrate the kind of work Pool developed, I begin my talk by suggesting what studying altruism and genocide taught me about broader themes in political, social, and moral theory. I then suggest how I developed a new theory of moral choice in order to explain the surprising finding that identity trumped choice for all the participants I interviewed about their actions during the Holocaust and World War II, from Nazis and bystanders to rescuers of Jews. This paper thus summarizes the highlights of the 2010 Pool Lecture to provide a few illustrations of the empirical findings that led me to develop an identity-based theory of moral choice.
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