Demand for vitamin D testing has been on a constant rise worldwide, partially due to mounting evidence linking vitamin D status to overall health and well-being. Currently available assays measure ...25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), a major circulating form of vitamin D. Available methodologies include immunoassays and mass spectrometry based methods (LC-MS/MS). Until recently, the only immunoassays available for diagnostic use in the US have been DiaSorin radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an automated immunoassay on a LIAISON® platform. Within the last year, Siemens and Abbott successfully launched immuno - assays for determination of total vitamin D on their respective automated platforms, Centaur® and ARCHITECT®. Development of robust and precise Vitamin D immunoassays has historically been plagued with difficulty. One of the major challenges is development of specific antibodies against such a small antigen. Vitamin D is also highly hy - drophobic molecule predominantly bound to vitamin D binding protein (DBP). It is likely, therefore, that immuno - assays might be affected to varying extent by the DBP concentration. Adoption of LC-MS/MS into clinical laboratories has enabled development of accurate and almost fully automated methods that could handle increasing volume demands, especially in large volume reference laboratories. Smaller to mid-size hospital laboratories as well as physician offices have neither funds nor technical expertise to implement LC-MS/MS based testing. Our laboratory at the University of Chicago Medical Center has also seen in - crease in vitamin D volume and currently performs close to 20,000 25-OHD assays per year. We have recently deve - loped an LC-MS/MS method for quantitation of 25-OHD2 (obtained from plant sources) and 25-OHD3 (endogenous and animal sources). Prior to acquisition of LC-MS/MS instrument, we performed 25-OHD analysis by RIA. Du - ring the transition period, we encountered several challenges, including the necessity to streamline sample preparation as well as the bias introduced by calibration dif ferences. We chose to match our LC-MS/MS method to the RIA method in order to make this transition transparent to the clinician. Most immunoassays available today are acceptable for clinical use and might be method of choice for smaller laboratories. Larger clinical laboratories and aca demic institutions that possess technical expertise, particularly the ones with large pediatric population where assay sensitivity and specificity may be important, might find LC-MS/MS methodology a more suitable choice.
Broj zahteva za odre|ivanjem vitamina D je u konstantnom porastu {irom sveta, delom zbog sve vi{e dokaza koji povezuju status vitamina D sa op{tim zdravljem. Trenutno raspolo`ivim testovima odre|uje se 25-hidroksi vitamin D (25-OHD), glavni oblik vitamina D u cirkulaciji. Po stoje}e metodologije uklju~uju imunometrijska odre |i va - nja i tehnike zasnovane na masenoj spektrometriji (LCMS/ MS). Do nedavno, jedine raspolo`ive imunometrijske metode kori{}ene za dijagnostiku u SAD su bile DiaSorin radioimunoodre|ivanje (RIA) i automatizovano imuno odre - |ivanje na LIAISON® platformi. U toku pro{le godine Sie - mens i Abbott su uspe{no lansirali imunometrijske testove za odre|ivanje ukupnog vitamina D na svojim odgova ra - ju}im automatizovanim platformama, Centaur® i ARCHITECT ®. Razvoj robusnih i preciznih imunometrijskih testova za odre|ivanje vitamina D su, istorijski gledano, pratili problemi. Jedan od najve}ih izazova je razvoj specifi~nih antitela protiv malog antigena. Vitamin D je tako|e jako hidrofoban molekul predominantno vezan za vitamin D vezu ju}i protein (DBP). Stoga postoji verovatno}a da na imuno odre|ivanja u razli~itom stepenu mo`e da uti~e koncentracija DBP. Uvo|enje LC-MS/MS u klini~ke laboratorije je omogu}ilo razvoj ta~nih i skoro potpuno automatizovanih metoda koje bi mogle da obrade rastu}i broj zahteva za analizu, naro~ito u referentnim laboratorijama sa velikim obimom posla. Klini~ke laboratorije manjeg do srednjeg obima, kao i lekarske ordinacije, ne raspola`u finansijskim sredstvima niti tehni~kim znanjem za implementaciju odre - |ivanja zasnovanog na LC-MS/MS. U na{oj laboratoriji u Medicinskom Centru Univerziteta u ^ikagu je tako|e pri - me }en porast broja zahteva za odre|ivanje vitamina D i tre - nutno se izvr{i blizu 20 000 odre|ivanja 25-OHD go di{nje. Nedavno smo razvili LC-MS/MS metodu za kvantifikaciju 25-OHD2 (dobijen iz biljnih izvora) i 25-OHD3 (iz endogenih i `ivotinjskih izvora). Pre nabavke LC-MS/MS aparata analiza 25-OHD je ra|ena RIA metodom. U pre laznom periodu, nai{li smo na nekoliko izazova, uklju~uju}i neo - phodnost jednostavnije pripreme uzorka, kao i odstupa nje nastalo razlikama u kalibraciji. Odlu~ili smo da upore dimo na{u LC-MS/MS metodu sa RIA metodom da bi ovaj prelaz postao transparentan za klini~are. Ve}ina imuno odre |i va - nja koja su danas na raspolaganju su prihvatljiva za klini~ku upotrebu i mogu biti metode izbora za manje la boratorije. Za ve}e klini~ke laboratorije i akademske institucije koje poseduju tenhni~ku obu~enost, naro~ito one sa velikom pe dijatrijskom populacijom gde osetljivost i specifi~nost mogu biti va`ne, LC-MS/MS metodologija mo`e biti adekvatniji izbor.
Poljes of Montenegro are formed within the Dinaric mountain system. These poljes are usually small surface, only several square kilometers. They are located at different altitudes from 6 to 1305 m a. ...s. l. The glacial process had direct and indirect impact in the development of poljes. The direct impact reflected in the fact that during the strongest glaciations, the absolute dating was established that occurred during the MIS 12, when many glaciers descended right into poljes, where they are deposited large amount of moraine material. Because of this some part of poljes were covered by moraines. During the Later glacial phase (MIS 6) scope of glaciations was significantly lower, and glaciers were not descended into poljes. The indirect impact reflected in the strength of river transport, which is increased by melting of glaciers. The consequence of increased power river was transporting glacial material, which infilling, uplifting and leveling bottom of poljes. All of this had a significant impact on water circulation in the karst. The recent period represents the end of transport of glacial material, dominance of karst processes and plunge of river flows.
Vatre ivanjske Đaković, Branko
Studia ethnologica Croatica,
12/2005, Letnik:
17, Številka:
1
Paper
Odprti dostop
Vatre ivanjske kao dio događanja u sklopu običaja obilježavanja
blagdana Sv. Ivana Krstitelja u širem kontekstu pripadaju običaju
paljenja godišnjih vatri. Do sada nisu sustavno istraživane iako
su ...prisutne u dobrom dijelu etnografskih zapisa starijega datuma,
a u suvremenoj “egzistenciji” sve su manje prisutne u ruralnim
sredinama i sve više u urbaniziranim i urbanima gdje se percipiraju
kao značajna turistička manifestacija.
Članak se bavi pitanjem promjene uvjeta komunikacijskog procesa i procesa odlučivanja na području zaštite okoliša kao jednom od važnih odrednica rješavanja ekoloških problema. Na primjeru ekološke ...sanacije Termoelektrane Šoštanj pokazuje da su inicijative za promjenu procesa odlučivanja bile motivirane prirodom projektnog načina upravljanja, a da su motivi Aarhuške konvencije, koji otvaraju vrata komunikacijskom procesu, utemeljeni na promjeni odnosa političke mo}i i izgrađivanju demokratskih komunikacijskih oblika i oblika odlučivanja koje u ovom trenutku koči parlamentarno uređenje industrijski razvijenih država.
Zajc, Ivan Blažeković, Zdravko
MGG Online,
11/2016
Reference
*3. Aug. 1832 in Rijeka, †16. Dez. 1914 in Zagreb, Komponist, Dirigent und Pädagoge. Seinen ersten Violin- und Klavierunterricht erhielt Ivan Zajc von seinem Vater Johann Nepomuk Zajitz ...(1800–1854),...
L’œuvre d’Ivan Ivanji, auteur juif serbe, est en langue serbe et, depuis son exil à Vienne, en langue allemande. La vie de l’auteur a été marquée par deux tragédies, celle de l’holocauste et celle de ...la folie nationaliste. Le roman retrace la biographie d’une danseuse depuis la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale jusqu’à la guerre de Yougoslavie. La présente contribution s’attache à étudier comment se construit, dans une tension entre désirs personnels et injonctions du système, une identité hybride dans un contexte ethnique, politique, culturel complexe et comment l’intégration de la dimension d’altérité conduit finalement à l’émancipation, la résistance et l’engagement humanitaire. Elle donne à voir une artiste démunie devant le déchaînement de haine nationaliste et de violence ethnique, incrédule devant l’effondrement du rêve titiste de fraternité et d’unité et à la recherche d’une réponse. Celle-ci viendra du couple Daria-Peter, elle montre qu’en eux la si fragile humanité a été préservée et continue d’interpeller les consciences. Au fond cela signifie qu’ils sont restés fidèles à cette « Heimat » perdue extérieurement, qu’ils l’ont intériorisée et qu’elle continue à être vivante et active à travers eux. Dans ce roman Ivan Ivanji s’affirme comme cet esprit cosmopolite fidèle à ses origines multiethniques, multilingues et multiculturelles qui a su trouver dans son expérience de vie tragique cet équilibre intérieur qui le rend capable de discerner le mal comme tel et d’agir en conséquence et de se poser comme une conscience libre et bienveillante.
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Geneesmiddelenindustrie- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 ...Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Sauskom van zilver, op vier voetjes. Aan het midden van de lange zijde zijn kinderfiguurtjes aangebracht waarvan de armen een ...handvat vormen. Onder de de schenktuiten is het wapen van graaf Ivan Grigorjevitsj Tsjernitsjov gegraveerd.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
Provider: - Institution: - Data provided by Europeana Collections- Sauskom van zilver, op vier voetjes. Aan het midden van de lange zijde zijn kinderfiguurtjes aangebracht waarvan de armen een ...handvat vormen. Onder de de schenktuiten is het wapen van graaf Ivan Grigorjevitsj Tsjernitsjov gegraveerd.- All metadata published by Europeana are available free of restriction under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. However, Europeana requests that you actively acknowledge and give attribution to all metadata sources including Europeana
PDF
