Triazoles are heterocyclic compounds which have a five-membered ring of two carbon atoms and three nitrogen atoms. These structures have been interest in the development of novel compounds with ...anticonvulsant, antidepressant, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-parasitic, anti-urease and other activities. Therefore, many researchers have synthesized these compounds as target structures and evaluated their biological activities. This review contains various pharmacological activities of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones in one place and it is also the milestone for the new research towards this moiety.
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•The present review is helpful for the researcher those who planning to work on 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones as antimicrobial agents.•The numerous biological activities of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones has been discussed.•Medicinal and pharmacological approach to the anticancer properties of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones elaborated.•The various examples of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives with anti-HCV activities have been discussed.
A series of novel triazole analogs (10a-k) bearing piperidine were synthesized in an aprotic solvent on the most effective pharmacophore with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-glucosidase inhibitory ...activity. Triazole analogs (10a-k) were obtained in excellent yields (75–90 %) and characterized by EI-MS, IR, 13C NMR and 1H NMR. The newly synthesized triazole analogs (10a-k) showed potent AChE inhibitory activity in the range of Ki = 0.0155 ± 1.25 µM to 0.557 ± 0.50 µM, IC50 = 0.031 ± 0.85 to 0.537 ± 0.76 µM than Eserine (0.04 ± 0.001 µM) having strong electron-withdrawing fluorine group on the pyridine ring was recorded as a most potent inhibitor of AChE while (%) inhibition against α-glucosidase was ranging between 52.36 ± 1.67 to 85.35 ± 1.39. The kinetic study predicted that triazole analogs (10a-k) followed the un-competitive and mixed type of inhibition against AChE. In silico molecular docking was performed at the active site of the AChE co-crystal structure (PDB ID:1NEN). The results of molecular docking corelate will with the experimental findings.
The global spread of drug resistance in bacteria requires new potent and safe antimicrobial agents. Compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole ring in their structure are characterised by ...multidirectional biological activity. A large volume of research on triazole and their derivatives has been carried out, proving significant antibacterial activity of this heterocyclic core. This review is useful for further investigations on this scaffold to harness its optimum antibacterial potential. Moreover, rational design and development of the novel antibacterial agents incorporating 1,2,4-triazole can help in dealing with the escalating problems of microbial resistance.
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Carbon steel is a commonly used alloy in petroleum refining equipment. Nonetheless, its weak corrosion resistance is a perpetual problem for these industries. In the present study, we ...manifest the usefulness of a novel 1,2,4-triazole derivative, namely 5-hexylsulfanyl-1,2,4-triazole (HST) in inhibiting the carbon steel (CS) corrosion in 1.0 M HCl using mass loss measurements, electrochemical, scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray detection (SEM-EDX), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and computational techniques. We deduced from the gravimetric study that the optimal concentration of HST is 10−3 M. Its inhibition efficiency can reach 97 % based on electrochemical data. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) results suggest an increased impedance in the presence of HST and mixed nature of inhibitor action, respectively. The compound HST mitigates corrosion at the temperature range of 298 K–338 K, with an inhibition efficiency of 89 % at 338 K. Free Gibbs energy obtained from the Langmuir isotherm model suggests that the inhibitor molecules hinder the acid attack mainly by chemisorption. A computational study based on Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations was performed in an attempt to identify the factors most associated with anti-corrosive properties of the tested compound.
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•Energetic molecule 3 features with a nearly coplanar asymmetric backbone.•The thermal stability of 3 ranks the highest among fully C-nitrated bicyclic azoles.•Compound 5 exhibits an ...enhanced decomposition temperature of 354 °C.•A synthetically simple approach for improving molecular thermostability.
Driven by ever-increasing application of thermal stable explosives in the deep mining and aerospace industries in recent years, the search for heat-resistant energetic materials with remarkable thermostability and high-energy level has attracted great attention. In this work, two advanced pyrazole-1,2,4-triazole-based heat-resistant explosives 5-(3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole (3) and 1,2-bis(3-(3,4-dinitro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)diazene (5) were obtained using straightforward two-step synthetic routes. With a high crystal density of 1.873 g cm−3, compound 3 features with an excellent thermal decomposition temperature of 336 °C, which ranges the highest among fully C-nitrated bicyclic azoles. In comparison to 3, tetracyclic compound 5 exhibits enhanced thermostability (Td = 354 °C), which is superior to that of HNS (Td = 318 °C), and approaches that of TATB (Td = 350 °C). Furthermore, the energetic properties (e.g., detonation velocity: 8568 and 8404 m s−1, respectively) of 3 and 5 remarkably surpass those of HNS (7612 m s−1) and TATB (8179 m s−1), thereby highlighting 3 and 5 as promising candidates for advanced heat-resistant explosives. Our described molecular design, incorporating asymmetric structural motifs with azo-bis(1,2,4-triazole) bridge, will provide a synthetically simple approach for improving thermostability of energetic materials.
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