Natural disasters frequently affected medieval populations. This book explores what happened when meteorological hazards struck how medieval communities reacted and what steps they took to protect ...themselves against future risks. Through archaeological and historical sources of evidence, the diverse impacts unleashed by disasters on medieval society are traced to provide a well-rounded understanding of catastrophes in the medieval past.
PRE-REFORMATION ROOTS OF THE PROTESTANT ETHIC Andersen, Thomas Barnebeck; Bentzen, Jeanet; Dalgaard, Carl-Johan ...
The Economic journal (London),
September 2017, Letnik:
127, Številka:
604
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We hypothesise that cultural appreciation of hard work and thrift, the Protestant ethic according to Max Weber, had a pre-Reformation origin: the Catholic Order of Cistercians. In support, we ...document an impact from the Order on growth within the epicentre of the Industrial Revolution; English counties that were more exposed to Cistercian monasteries experienced faster productivity growth from the 13th century onwards. Consistent with a cultural influence, this impact is also found after the monasteries were dissolved in the 1530s. Moreover, the values emphasised by Weber are relatively more pervasive in European regions where Cistercian monasteries were located historically.
Between Orders and Heresy foregrounds the dynamic, creative, and diverse late medieval religious landscapes that flourished within the spaces of social and ecclesiastical structures.
This collection ...reconsiders the arguments put forward in Herbert Grundmann’s monumental book, Religious Movements in the Middle Ages, and challenges his traditional interpretive binary, recognized as the shared origins of many medieval religious movements. The contributors explore the social relationships fostered between secular clergy members, including parish priests, local canons, and aristocratic confessors, and examine the ways in which laypeople inspired and engaged in devotion beyond religious orders.
Each essay in the volume considers a major theme in medieval religious history, such as the implementation of apostolic ideals, pastoral relationships, crusade connections, vernacular traditions, and reform. Organized to historicize and challenge the deeply embedded historiographical tendencies that have long distorted the complex dynamics of the late medieval world, Between Orders and Heresy is a major assessment of medieval religious belief and activity beyond and between the binary of orders and heresies
Between the years AD 1000 and 1500, western Christendom absorbed by conquest and attracted through immigration a growing number of Jews. This community was to make a valuable contribution to rapidly ...developing European civilisation but was also to suffer some terrible setbacks, culminating in a series of expulsions from the more advanced westerly areas of Europe. At the same time, vigorous new branches of world Jewry emerged and a rich new Jewish cultural legacy was created. In this important new historical synthesis, Robert Chazan discusses the Jewish experience over a 500 year period across the entire continent of Europe. As well as being the story of medieval Jewry, the book simultaneously illuminates important aspects of majority life in Europe during this period. This book is essential reading for all students of medieval Jewish history and an important reference for any scholar of medieval Europe.
Was ist unter der "Maritimen Seidenstraße" zu verstehen, wie ist Chinas Rolle im Mittelalter zu deuten, welchen Stellenwert hat die Vergangenheit heute - in einer Zeit, die von sehr unterschiedlichen ...Interpretationen und Instrumentalisierungen geprägt ist? Diese und andere Fragen stehen im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung. Zunächst geht es um Konzepte und geographische Kategorien, etwa um variierende Raumwahrnehmungen. Grundsätzliche Überlegungen führen zum Braudel'schen Modell und seiner Anwendung auf Asien. Hierbei gilt: Austausch ist ein umfassendes Phänomen und sollte nicht auf Handel reduziert werden. Im späten Mittelalter sind die Expeditionen der frühen Ming besonders wichtig. Doch die Quellen lassen viele Punkte offen. Das hat eine Flut von Hypothesen hervorgebracht, die nicht selten gewagt oder gar widersprüchlich wirken, wie ausgewählte Beispiele zeigen. Auch die Politik profitiert von der offenen Quellenlage: Im Rahmen seiner "One Belt One Road"-Initiative ist China darum bemüht, alte Kontakte neu zu beleben. Dabei werden Toleranz und Harmonie zwischen den Akteuren betont, anders als unter den Kolonialmächten. Mithin reicht das Thema hinüber in unsere Zeit und interessiert Historiker sowie Gegenwartsforscher.
Her Life Historicaloffers a major reconsideration of one of the most popular narrative forms in late medieval England-the lives of female saints-and one of the period's primary modes of ...interpretation-exemplarity. With lucidity and insight, Catherine Sanok shows that saints' legends served as vehicles for complex considerations of historical difference and continuity in an era of political crisis and social change. At the same time, they played a significant role in women's increasing visibility in late medieval literary culture by imagining a specifically feminine audience. Sanok proposes a new way to understand exemplarity-the repeated injunction to imitate the saints-not simply as a prescriptive mode of reading but as an encouragement to historical reflection. With groundbreaking originality, she argues that late medieval writers and readers used religious narrative, and specifically the legends of female saints, to think about the historicity of their own ethical lives and of the communities they inhabited. She explains how these narratives were used in the fifteenth century to negotiate the urgent social concerns occasioned by political instability and dynastic conflict, by the threat of heresy and the changing status of public religion, and by new kinds of social mobility and forms of collective identity.Her Life Historicalalso offers a fresh account of how women came to be visible participants in late medieval literary culture. The expectation that they formed a distinct audience for saints' lives and moral literature allowed medieval women to surface in the historical record as book owners, patrons, and readers. Saints' lives thereby helped to invent the idea of a gendered audience with a privileged affiliation and a specific response to a given narrative tradition.
This book re-evaluates the prevailing notion that Jews in medieval Christian Europe lived under an appalling regime of ecclesiastical limitation, governmental exploitation and expropriation, and ...unceasing popular violence. Robert Chazan argues that, while Jewish life in medieval Western Christendom was indeed beset with grave difficulties, it was nevertheless an environment rich in opportunities; the Jews of medieval Europe overcame obstacles, grew in number, explored innovative economic options, and fashioned enduring new forms of Jewish living. His research also provides a reconsideration of the legacy of medieval Jewish life, which is often depicted as equally destructive and projected as the underpinning of the twentieth-century catastrophes of antisemitism and the Holocaust. Dr Chazan's research proves that, although Jewish life in the medieval West laid the foundation for much Jewish suffering in the post-medieval world, it also stimulated considerable Jewish ingenuity, which lies at the root of impressive Jewish successes in the modern West.
Duels and bloodfeuds have long been regarded as essentially Continental phenomena, counter to the staid and orderly British ways of settling differences. In this surprising work of social and legal ...history, Paul R. Hyams reveals a post-Conquest England not all that different from the realms across the Channel. Drawing on a wide range of texts and the long history of argument about these texts, Hyams shatters the myth of English exceptionalism, the notion that while feud and vengeance prevailed in the lands of the Franks, England had advanced beyond such anarchic barbarism by the time of the Conquest and forged a centralized political and legal system. This book provides support for the notion that feud and vengeance flourished in England long beyond the Conquest, and that this fact obliges us to reconsider the genealogies of both common law and the English monarchy. Moving back and forth between a broad overview of 300 years of legal history and the details of specific disputes, Hyams attends to the demands of individuals who believed that they had been aggrieved and sought remedy. He shows how individuals perceived particular acts of violence and responded to them. These reactions, in turn, sparked central efforts to manage disputes and thereby establish law and order. Respectable litigation, however, never eclipsed the danger of direct action, often violent and physical.
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