Drawing upon hundreds of newly uncovered archival records, Gretchen Peters reconstructs the music of everyday life in over twenty cities in late medieval France. Through the comparative study of ...these cities' political and musical histories, the book establishes that the degree to which a city achieved civic authority and independence determined the nature and use of music within the urban setting. The world of urban minstrels beyond civic patronage is explored through the use of diverse records; their livelihood depended upon seeking out and securing a variety of engagements from confraternities to bathhouses. Minstrels engaged in complex professional relationships on a broad level, as with guilds and minstrel schools, and on an individual level, as with partnerships and apprenticeships. The study investigates how minstrels fared economically and socially, recognizing the diversity within this body of musicians in the Middle Ages from itinerant outcasts to wealthy and respected town musicians.
Despotess Irene was considered the second person of the Serbian despotate in Serbian historiography. Owing to Serbian and Byzantine sources that mention her actions, this paper attempts to answer the ...question of her joint rule with despot Đurađ Branković in Serbian state, as an independent political factor. The first example of this is Efsigmen Charter from 1429, which the despot issued together with his wife. In addition, the miniature on Irene’s charter shows her with a sceptre in her hand, a royal sign, although her and Đurađ’s son had already been nominated for the heir to the throne, as indicated by the red shoes. Her activity is seen in the presence of a large number of Byzantines in Serbia, and then in the administration of the Serbian state. Of the Byzantines who lived in Serbia, the brother of the despotess Irene, Toma Kantakouzene was very important. He became the commander of the Serbian army, which was very unusual for the Middle Ages in Serbia. In 1435, during Đurađ’s visit to Požun, Irene ruled the country as we know, based on the Dubrovnik mission she received. In addition, the despotess was a member of the state council, and most likely the court council. Mavro Orbini left a note on Irene’s role in the diplomatic marriage between Mara Branković and Sultan Murad II, which Serbia used as means of preventing the Ottoman attack on the country. The fact that most points to Irene’s active political role is the question of the successor of the despot Đurađ. Mavro Orbini and Michael Kritovoulos wrote that Đurađ Branković appointed his wife to rule after his death, which was certainly related to the division in the family due to the deprivation of the throne of the blinded Grgur. Thus, Irene would be a person around whom the family would gather and reconcile, and who would rule the country. Her sudden death and the transfer of part of the ruling family to the Ottoman territory subsequently confirmed her right to power and the division that existed between the Branković family over the ruler and the country’s foreign policy.
Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar algumas questões em relação ao tabelionado e as Cortes medievais, especificamente a temas que envolvem a articulação dos poderes central e locais. Através da ...análise dos homens e dos textos procuraremos compreender, (1) quem eram os tabeliães presentes em Cortes, (2) como se estabelecia a comunicação entre poderes, mostrando alguns exemplos de circulação de cartas régias na região de Entre-Douro-e-Minho, (3) alguns casos relativos às queixas em Cortes sobre o pagamento da pensão – imposto que estes oficiais estavam obrigados a pagar anualmente.
El valor de la grana, que sirve para obtener el preciado color rojo para teñir lanas y sedas, permite reflexionar sobre la conexión existente entre los ecosistemas donde se recogía este recurso ...natural, los campesinos, la gobernanza de las ciudades y pueblos y el interés del mercado. Abstract This article studies the use of what was known as grana (carmine dye from cochineal insects) in Western Andalusia during the fifteenth century. Through the value of grana which was used to obtain the precious red pigment for dyeing wool and silk, we will reflect on the connection between the ecosystem where this natural resource was collected, the peasants, the governance of cities and towns, as well as the role of the market. A mayor abundamiento y en opinión de Maria Ginatempo, los recursos naturales fueron: via via alienate a privati o al contrario statualizzate e trasformate in pingui entrate per l'erario (e magari poi dallo stato rimesse a disposizione degli investimenti e profitti privati), comunque sottratte all'uso libero e alle regolamentazioni degli uomini del territorio cui pertenevano4.
MS Digby 26 in the Bodleian Library contains the notes of Thomas Jolyffe recording his expenses on inception as a Master of Arts c.1453 along with other accounting notes including money owed to him ...by contemporaries. This article offers a first tentative text and translation of the accounts and other notes, with discussion of the expenses, the robes, and the careers of the circle of MAs involved, giving further insight into the world of Oxfords regent MAs in the mid fifteenth century. The article also includes a first published text of the accounts in Bodleian Library, MS Lat. Misc. d. 83 which are contemporary with those of Jolyffe.
This book adds an entirely new dimension to the consideration of
Humanism and Italian culture. It will make a welcome addition to the field of
cultural studies by broadening the subject to consider ...an important source of
information that has been previously overlooked. -- Timothy
McGee The Eloquent Body offers a history and analysis of court
dancing during the Renaissance, within the context of Italian Humanism. Each chapter
addresses different philosophical, social, or intellectual aspects of dance during
the 15th century. Some topics include issues of economic class, education, and
power; relating dance treatises to the ideals of Humanism and the meaning of the
arts; ideas of the body as they relate to elegance, nobility, and ethics; the
intellectual history of dance based on contemporaneous readings of Pythagoras and
Plato; and a comparison of geometric dance structures to geometric order in Humanist
architecture.
A partir de considerar la administración de justicia como un acto de gobierno y, por lo tanto, inescindible de las relaciones de poder político, en el presente artículo analizaremos, los dispositivos ...y discursos destinados a controlar la conducta de los jueces en la Corona de Castilla hacia finales del siglo XV, así como las consecuencias y derivaciones de tales mecanismos. Asimismo, se ponderará hasta qué punto justiciables y pleiteantes se veían afectados por la gestión de los jueces y por los dispositivos implementados para controlarlos.
A new history of one of the foremost printers of the Renaissance explores how the Age of Print came to Italy. Lorenz Böninger offers a fresh history of the birth of print in Italy through the story ...of one of its most important figures, Niccolò di Lorenzo della Magna. After having worked for several years for a judicial court in Florence, Niccolò established his business there and published a number of influential books. Among these were Marsilio Ficino's De christiana religione, Leon Battista Alberti's De re aedificatoria, Cristoforo Landino's commentaries on Dante's Commedia, and Francesco Berlinghieri's Septe giornate della geographia. Many of these books were printed in vernacular Italian.Despite his prominence, Niccolò has remained an enigma. A meticulous historical detective, Böninger pieces together the thorough portrait that scholars have been missing. In doing so, he illuminates not only Niccolò's life but also the Italian printing revolution generally. Combining Renaissance studies' traditional attention to bibliographic and textual concerns with a broader social and economic history of printing in Renaissance Italy, Böninger provides an unparalleled view of the business of printing in its earliest years. The story of Niccolò di Lorenzo furnishes a host of new insights into the legal issues that printers confronted, the working conditions in printshops, and the political forces that both encouraged and constrained the publication and dissemination of texts.
This article deals with the topic of the problematic legal status of the town of Prachatice and its variable legal and property relation to the Lords of Rosenberg during the 15th century and the ...beginning of the 16th century. It inquires into the ways the Rosenbergs repeatedly gained the pledge of the town of Prachatice, how they acted there as the holders and what their intentions were in connection with the legal status of the town. The brief analysis of the charters, which Oldřich II and Petr IV of Rosenberg issued for the burghers of Prachatice, is integral to the article.
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