J?drzej Kitowicz was a parish priest in central Poland with a military and worldly past. In his later years, after putting the affairs of his parish in order, he composed a colorful chronicle of all ...aspects and walks of life under King August III. He seems to have written mostly from memory, creating in the process the most complete record that exists of society in eighteenth-century Poland. A man with omnivorous tastes, a keen sense of observation, and a wry—at times bawdy—sense of humor, Kitowicz's realistic and robust literary technique has been compared in its earthiness and evocativeness to Flemish genre painting. A noteworthy example of eighteenth-century writing and narrative talent, his Opis reveals an astounding visual memory and a modern ethnographer's eye for material culture.The present book consists of fifty-one chapters, including all of the most celebrated ones, from Father Kitowicz's Opis, complete with a comprehensive introduction. Topics include religious beliefs, customs and institutions, child-rearing, education, the judiciary and the military. Particularly vivid are the descriptions of the lives of the nobility, ranging from cooking through men's and women's wear to household entertainments and drinking habits. A commentary by the editor introduces each chapter.
Abstract
We present new ALMA observations tracing the morphology and velocity structure of the molecular gas in the central galaxy of the cluster Abell 1795. The molecular gas lies in two filaments ...that extend 5–7 kpc to the N and S from the nucleus and project exclusively around the outer edges of two inner radio bubbles. Radio jets launched by the central active galactic nucleus have inflated bubbles filled with relativistic plasma into the hot atmosphere surrounding the central galaxy. The N filament has a smoothly increasing velocity gradient along its length from the central galaxy’s systemic velocity at the nucleus to $-370\rm \, km\rm \, s^{-1}$, the average velocity of the surrounding galaxies, at the furthest extent. The S filament has a similarly smooth but shallower velocity gradient and appears to have partially collapsed in a burst of star formation. The close spatial association with the radio lobes, together with the ordered velocity gradients and narrow velocity dispersions, shows that the molecular filaments are gas flows entrained by the expanding radio bubbles. Assuming a Galactic XCO factor, the total molecular gas mass is 3.2 ± 0.2 × 109 M⊙. More than half lies above the N radio bubble. Lifting the molecular clouds appears to require an infeasibly efficient coupling between the molecular gas and the radio bubble. The energy required also exceeds the mechanical power of the N radio bubble by a factor of 2. Stimulated feedback, where the radio bubbles lift low-entropy X-ray gas that becomes thermally unstable and rapidly cools in situ, provides a plausible model. Multiple generations of radio bubbles are required to lift this substantial gas mass. The close morphological association then indicates that the cold gas either moulds the newly expanding bubbles or is itself pushed aside and shaped as they inflate.
Contact.
The outskirts of galaxy clusters host complex interactions between the intracluster and circumcluster media. During the evolution of clusters, ram-pressure stripped gas clumps from infalling ...substructures break the uniformity of the gas distribution, potentially leading to observational biases at large radii. However, assessing the contribution of gas clumping poses observational challenges and requires robust X-ray measurements in the background-dominated regime of the cluster outskirts.
Aims.
The main objectives of this study are to isolate faint gas clumps from field sources and from the diffuse emission in the Abell 1795 galaxy cluster, then to probe their impact on the observed surface brightness and thermodynamic profiles.
Methods.
We performed an imaging analysis on deep
Chandra
ACIS-I observations of the Abell 1795 cluster outskirts, extending out to ∼1.5
r
200
with full azimuthal coverage. We built the 0.7 − 2.0 keV surface brightness distribution from the adaptively binned image of the diffuse emission and looked for clumps in the form of > + 2
σ
surface brightness outliers. Our classification of the clump candidates was based primarily on
Chandra
and SDSS data. Benefiting from the point source list resolved by
Chandra
, we extracted the thermodynamic profiles of the intracluster medium from the associated
Suzaku
XIS data out to
r
200
using multiple point source and clump candidate removal approaches.
Results.
We identified 24 clump candidates in the Abell 1795 field, most of which are likely to be associated with background objects, including active galactic nuclei, galaxies, and clusters or groups of galaxies, as opposed to intrinsic gas clumps. These sources had minimal impact on the surface brightness and thermodynamic profiles of the cluster emission. After correcting for clump candidates, the measured entropy profile still deviates from a pure gravitational collapse, suggesting complex physics at play in the outskirts, which may include potential electron–ion non-equilibrium and non-thermal pressure support.
In this paper we analyze AGN activity signatures in the rich nearby galaxy cluster Abell 1795 aiming to confirm and characterize the long-term feedback history in the system. We combine radio ...observations at 610 and 235 MHz from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) with 3.4 Msec X-ray data from the Chandra Observatory. Extracting radial temperature profiles, as well as X-ray and radio surface brightness profiles in three directions showing major morphological disturbances, we highlight the signatures of activity in the system. For the first time we observe radio emission corresponding to the NW X-ray depression, which provides evidence in favor of the classification of the depression as a cavity. We identify two other X-ray cavities situated NW and SW of the AGN. While the central radio emission corresponding to the inner cavities shows a flatter spectral index, the radio extensions associated with the farthest X-ray cavities consist of aged plasma. All observed signatures both in radio and X-ray are consistent with several consecutive episodes of AGN activity, which gave rise to the observed morphology NW and SW from the core. In the southern region, we confirm the cooling wake hypothesis for the origin of the long tail. The deep X-ray data also allows us to distinguish significant distortions in the tail’s inner parts, which we attribute to the activity of the AGN.
Jedrzej Kitowicz, a parish priest in central Poland, with a military and worldly past behind him, putting the affairs of his parish in order, in his mature years commenced to compose a colorful ...chronicle of all aspects and walks of life under king August III. He wrote apparently mostly from memory, creating in the process the most complete record that exists of society in eighteenthcentury Poland. A man of omnivorous tastes, a keen sense of observation, and a wry—at times bawdy—sense of humor, Kitowicz’s realistic and robust literary technique has been compared for its earthiness and evocativeness to Flemish genre painting. A noteworthy example of eighteenthcentury writing and narrative talent, his Opis reveals an astounding visual memory and a modern ethnographer’s eye for what constitutes a society’s material culture. The present book consists of twentyfour chapters, excerpts from Father Kitowicz’s Opis, complete with a comprehensive introduction. Topics include religious beliefs, customs and institutions, childrearing, education, the judiciary and the military. Particularly colorful are the descriptions of the lives of the nobility, ranging from cookery thru men’s and women’s wear to household entertainments and drinking habits. Each chapter is introduced by the translator’s commentary.
We present the Massive Star-forming Regions (MSFRs) Omnibus X-ray Catalog (MOXC), a compendium of X-ray point sources from Chandra/ACIS observations of a selection of MSFRs across the Galaxy, plus 30 ...Doradus in the Large Magellanic Cloud. MOXC consists of 20,623 X-ray point sources from 12 MSFRs with distances ranging from 1.7 kpc to 50 kpc. Additionally, we show the morphology of the unresolved X-ray emission that remains after the cataloged X-ray point sources are excised from the ACIS data, in the context of Spitzer and WISE observations that trace the bubbles, ionization fronts, and photon-dominated regions that characterize MSFRs. In previous work, we have found that this unresolved X-ray emission is dominated by hot plasma from massive star wind shocks. This diffuse X-ray emission is found in every MOXC MSFR, clearly demonstrating that massive star feedback (and the several-million-degree plasmas that it generates) is an integral component of MSFR physics.
The American West of the nineteenth century was a world of freedom and adventure for men of every stripe-not least also those who admired and desired other men. Among these sojourners was William ...Drummond Stewart, a flamboyant Scottish nobleman who found in American culture of the 1830s and 1840s a cultural milieu of openness in which men could pursue same-sex relationships.
This book traces Stewart's travels from his arrival in America in 1832 to his return to Murthly Castle in Perthshire, Scotland, with his French Canadian-Cree Indian companion, Antoine Clement, one of the most skilled hunters in the Rockies. Benemann chronicles Stewart's friendships with such notables as Kit Carson, William Sublette, Marcus Whitman, and Jim Bridger. He describes the wild Renaissance-costume party held by Stewart and Clement upon their return to America-a journey that ended in scandal. Through Stewart's letters and novels, Benemann shows that Stewart was one of many men drawn to the sexual freedom offered by the West. His book provides a tantalizing new perspective on the Rocky Mountain fur trade and the role of homosexuality in shaping the American West.
Syntetyczne studium przynosi rezultaty wnikliwej analizy listów Elizy Orzeszkowej (zebranych i opublikowanych przez Edwarda Jankowskiego w dziewięciu tomach), zawierających dane o lekturowych jej ...doświadczeniach. Jak się okazuje, czytała wiele i oczywiście znała sporo staropolskich i oświeceniowych arcydzieł literackich. Jej korespondencja stanowi trwały dowód czytelniczej pasji. Orzeszkowa miała w rękach teksty spisane przez Biernata z Lublina. Wypowiedziane przez nią słowa dokumentują, że znała osiągnięcia Mikołaja Reja i wysoko cenione wiersze Jana Kochanowskiego, często cytowane i parafrazowane w rozmaitych wypowiedziach Orzeszkowej. Studiowała teksty Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, Piotra Skargi. Jej szacunek wobec ideałów humanistycznych (tolerancja, równość, wolność) ujawnia się w zapiskach o książkach Łukasza Górnickiego – historiograficznej i tłumaczeniu głośnego włoskiego Il Cortegiano (Baltazara Castiglionego). Orzeszkowa znacznie mniej interesowała się twórczością siedemnastowieczną, odnotowała Torkwata Tassa Jerozolimę wyzwoloną w przekładzie Piotra Kochanowskiego oraz pisma Sebastiana Klonowicza, Szymona Szymonowicza, Józefa Bartłomieja Zimorowica, Krzysztofa Opalińskiego. Czasy późnego baroku i oświecenia w listach Orzeszkowej reprezentują teksty Elżbiety Drużbackiej. Wiele tu wzmianek można znaleźć o arcydziełach Ignacego Krasickiego czy pracach Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza bądź Tomasza Kajetana Węgierskiego. Autorka Nad Niemnem ceniła Hugona Kołłątaja za jego zaangażowanie w przedsięwzięciach Komisji Edukacyjnej. Szkic przedstawia również wielkości frekwencyjne wzmianek i aluzji o literaturze powstałej w okresie niepodległej Polski przed rozbiorami w epistolograficznych refleksjach Elizy Orzeszkowej. To ważny przyczynek Ireneusza Sikory do naszej wiedzy o oczytaniu i erudycji pisarki, analiza może być kolejną próbą szczegółowych badań skoncentrowanych nad recepcją literatury polskiej.
Syntetyczne studium przynosi rezultaty wnikliwej analizy listów Elizy Orzeszkowej (zebranych i opublikowanych przez Edwarda Jankowskiego w dziewięciu tomach), zawierających dane o lekturowych jej ...doświadczeniach. Jak się okazuje, czytała wiele i oczywiście znała sporo staropolskich i oświeceniowych arcydzieł literackich. Jej korespondencja stanowi trwały dowód czytelniczej pasji. Orzeszkowa miała w rękach teksty spisane przez Biernata z Lublina. Wypowiedziane przez nią słowa dokumentują, że znała osiągnięcia Mikołaja Reja i wysoko cenione wiersze Jana Kochanowskiego, często cytowane i parafrazowane w rozmaitych wypowiedziach Orzeszkowej. Studiowała teksty Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, Piotra Skargi. Jej szacunek wobec ideałów humanistycznych (tolerancja, równość, wolność) ujawnia się w zapiskach o książkach Łukasza Górnickiego – historiograficznej i tłumaczeniu głośnego włoskiego Il Cortegiano (Baltazara Castiglionego). Orzeszkowa znacznie mniej interesowała się twórczością siedemnastowieczną, odnotowała Torkwata Tassa Jerozolimę wyzwoloną w przekładzie Piotra Kochanowskiego oraz pisma Sebastiana Klonowicza, Szymona Szymonowicza, Józefa Bartłomieja Zimorowica, Krzysztofa Opalińskiego. Czasy późnego baroku i oświecenia w listach Orzeszkowej reprezentują teksty Elżbiety Drużbackiej. Wiele tu wzmianek można znaleźć o arcydziełach Ignacego Krasickiego czy pracach Juliana Ursyna Niemcewicza bądź Tomasza Kajetana Węgierskiego. Autorka Nad Niemnem ceniła Hugona Kołłątaja za jego zaangażowanie w przedsięwzięciach Komisji Edukacyjnej. Szkic przedstawia również wielkości frekwencyjne wzmianek i aluzji o literaturze powstałej w okresie niepodległej Polski przed rozbiorami w epistolograficznych refleksjach Elizy Orzeszkowej. To ważny przyczynek Ireneusza Sikory do naszej wiedzy o oczytaniu i erudycji pisarki, analiza może być kolejną próbą szczegółowych badań skoncentrowanych nad recepcją literatury polskiej.
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