In the aftermath of the cataclysmic Maoist period, three Tibetan
Buddhist scholars living and working in the People's Republic of
China became intellectual heroes. Renowned as the "Three
Polymaths," ...Tséten Zhabdrung (1910-1985), Mugé Samten (1914-1993),
and Dungkar Lozang Trinlé (1927-1997) earned this symbolic title
for their efforts to keep the lamp of the Dharma lit even in the
darkest hour of Tibetan history. Lineages of the Literary
reveals how the Three Polymaths negotiated the political tides of
the twentieth century, shedding new light on Sino-Tibetan relations
and Buddhism during this turbulent era. Nicole Willock explores
their contributions to reviving Tibetan Buddhism, expanding Tibetan
literary arts, and pioneering Tibetan studies as an academic
discipline. Her sophisticated reading of Tibetan-language sources
vivifies the capacious literary world of the Three Polymaths,
including autobiography, Buddhist philosophy, poetic theory, and
historiography. Whereas prevailing state-centric accounts place
Tibetan religious figures in China in one of two roles,
collaborator or resistance fighter, Willock shows how the Three
Polymaths offer an alternative model of agency. She illuminates how
they by turns safeguarded, taught, and celebrated Tibetan Buddhist
knowledge, practices, and institutions after their near destruction
during the Cultural Revolution. An interdisciplinary work spanning
religious studies, history, literary studies, and social theory,
Lineages of the Literary offers new insight into the
categories of religion and the secular, the role of Tibetan
Buddhist leaders in modern China, and the contested ground of
Tibet.
Buena conocedora de la prensa sevillana, a la que ha dedicado otros trabajos, la investigadora Rosario Sevilla ha recopilado y analizado, en este nuevo libro, las noticias aparecidas en los ...periódicos hispalenses entre 1910 y 1920 sobre la revolución mexicana. Aunque se voceaban en la capital hispalense una decena de periódicos, muchas de las tiradas eran simbólicas, por lo que la autora se centra en tres rotativos: El Liberal, independiente, El Noticiero Sevillano y El Correo de Andalucía, a...
ABSTRACT
Climate surfaces are digital representations of climatic variables from a region in the planet estimated via geographical interpolation techniques. Climate surfaces have multiple ...applications in research planning, experimental design, and technology transfer. Although high‐resolution climatologies have been developed worldwide, Mexico is one of the few countries that have developed several climatic surfaces. Here, we present an updated high‐resolution (30 arc sec) climatic surfaces for Mexico for the average monthly climate period 1910–2009, corresponding to monthly values of precipitation, daily maximum, and minimum temperature, as well as 19 bioclimatic variables derived from the monthly precipitation and temperature values. To produce these surfaces we applied the thin‐plate smoothing spline interpolation algorithm implemented in the ANUSPLIN software to nearly 5000 climate weather stations countrywide. As an additional product and unlike the previous efforts, we generated monthly standard error surfaces for the three climate parameters, which can be used for error assessment when using these climate surfaces. Our climate surface predicted slightly drier and cooler conditions than the previous ones. ANUSPLIN diagnostic statistics indicated that model fit was adequate. We implemented a more recent error assessment, a set of withheld stations to perform an independent evaluation of the model surfaces. We estimate the mean absolute error and mean error, with the withheld data and all the available data. Average RTGCV for monthly temperatures was of 1.26–1.12 °C and 24.67% for monthly precipitation, and a RTMSE of 0.48–0.56 °C and 11.11%. The main advantage of the surfaces presented here regarding the other three developed for the country is that ours cover practically the entire 20th century and almost the entire first decade of the 21st century. It is the most up to date high‐resolution climatology for the country.
This paper examines, in the first place, the relationship between the circus versions of Gutiérrez’s Juan Moreira (1879-1880) and the arrival of cinema to Argentina, considered as shows that ...represent the entrance to modernity as a leap. Based on this configuration, secondly, we argue that every appearance of Moreira on screen is founded on: a use of violence as a legitimate medium, a state of the cinematographic technique, and an idea of celebration. Finally, taking the adaptation released during the 1910 Centennial as a case study, we affirm that, being a public success but a failed attempt to turn Moreira into a patriotic gaucho, the film makes visible the cracks in a project of nationalization of the masses that was moving along elusive paths, not entirely controlled by the modernizing elites.
Este artículo aborda, en primer lugar, la relación entre las versiones circenses del Juan Moreira (1879-1880) de Gutiérrez y la llegada del cine a la Argentina, en tanto espectáculos que figuran la entrada en la modernidad como un salto. A partir de tal configuración, se postula que cada aparición de Moreira en el cine se articula sobre: un uso de la violencia como medio legítimo, un estado de la técnica cinematográfica y una idea de fiesta. Finalmente, tomando como estudio de caso la versión entrenada en el Centenario de 1910, se plantea que, al ser un éxito de público pero un intento fallido de hacer de Moreira un gaucho patriota, la película visibiliza las fisuras de un proyecto de nacionalización de masas que avanzaba por vías escurridizas, no controlables por las élites modernizadoras.
The paper aims to present the promulgation process of the Constitution of
Bosnia and Herzegovina (Landesstatut) in the context of the Austro-Hungarian
colonial administration of this territory. The ...passing of the promised
constitution, locally known as Zemaljski statut, was an important political
issue in the Dual Monarchy and attracted significant attention among
contemporaries. The complex internal dynamics of Austria- Hungary and the
peculiar legal status of Bosnia and Herzegovina make the process of enacting
the supreme legal act of the newly annexed territory an intriguing case
study within a colonial regime.
This paper estimates the migratory and fertility effects of the federal Relocation Program, which attempted to move Native American individuals to urban areas under the promises of financial ...assistance and job training. I find the Relocation Program increased the Native American population in the target cities by more than 100,000 people. I also find that second- and third-generation Native American women living in cities have a 50 percent lower fertility rate than those living in areas with historically large Native American populations. These findings indicate that this program meaningfully shifted the spatial distribution of the Native American population.
Purpose There is a lot of talk about the electric car today, but these vehicles are not new. Indeed, thebeginning of the 20th century saw electricity and the automobile take hold in North American ...society, so that by 1910, the electric car was everywhere. Until the turn of the 1920s, a new era dawned for transportation in the USA, but without the electric car. The purpose of this study is to question Why did it happen. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops such a comparison, not of the cars themselves, through a detailed engineering analysis, but rather of the marketing of electric vehicles in the USA in 1910 and 2010, as it appeared in the marketing strategies of the manufacturers. Findings There are many technical and economic reasons for this, but not only; there are also commercial strategy reasons. The position of manufacturers, especially through advertising and the press, can tell us about this golden age of the electric car, what precipitated its fall, and its reappearance a century later. Originality/value It is a comparison of images, of how electric vehicles had been and are proposed to the public, through the exploration of mainly promotional material and newspaper articles.
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