Este artigo busca investigar como surgiu e se desenvolveu a hipótese de que o Brasil se tornasse um dos membros permanentes do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas quando a organização foi criada ...em 1945. As motivações do presidente Roosevelt ao fazer essa proposta em 1944, durante a Conferência de Dumbarton Oaks, as resistências encontradas, assim como a posição que adotou o governo brasileiro na Conferência de São Francisco, são analisadas com base em fontes de arquivo e documentos do período em estudo.
This article aims at investigating how the hypothesis that Brazil could become one of the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council emerged and developed when the organization was created in 1945. The motivations of President Roosevelt in putting forward this proposal in 1944, during the Dumbarton Oaks Conference, the resistances faced, as well as the position adopted by the Brazilian government at the San Francisco Conference, are analyzed by using archival sources and documents from the period under examination.
Safehaven Lorenz-Meyer, Martin
2007, June 18, 2007, 20070101
eBook
As Germany faced inevitable defeat in World War II, the Allies became concerned that the Nazis would attempt to hide their assets in neutral countries in order to revive their cause in later years. ...To address this danger, the United States, along with Britain and France as reluctant partners, started the "Safehaven" program. In this first detailed historical study of Safehaven in English, Martin Lorenz-Meyer focuses on policies of the Allies, revealing their disagreements about the program and addressing the historical roots of a problem that over decades the Cold War had successfully buried. As America continues to face foreign-policy dilemmas regarding trade with enemies and issues of neutrality, Safehaven offers an illuminating case history that sheds new light on current affairs.
Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i ...poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.
Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i ...poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.
While headline writers in the ETO were naturally focused on events in Normandy and the Bulge in the north, equally ferocious combats were taking place in southern France and Germany during 1944-45, ...which are now finally getting their due. The US 14th Armored Division-a late arrival to the theater-was thrust into intense combat almost the minute it arrived in Europe, as the Germans remained determined to defend their southern flank.Like other US formations, the 14th AD, after advancing through France against intermittent opposition, was hammered to a standstill at the Westwall in the fall of 1944. Nevertheless, it had gained experience, and when the Germans sought to turn the tide, with Operation Northwind, they found a hardened formation against them. This book explores in detail what happened in the month of January 1945 in the snow-covered Vosges Mountains, when the Wehrmacht's attempt to destroy the Sixth Army Group failed. Northwind began in the mountains but was extended onto the plains of Alsace very near the Rhine River. A strategic withdrawal after a hellish ten days of fiery combat allowed the Allies to hold the line until a spring offensive. The dreadful cold and the conflagration of battle took a toll on both sides, but by now the 14th and the other American divisions felt the heat of battle in their hearts and knew what had to be done to defeat a wily enemy.But the Siegfried Line still loomed in front to American forces, and in the sector of the 14th, the divisions literally exploded their way through it in March at Steinfeld, and began to propel the Wehrmacht into a retreat from which it could never recover. Armored columns kept punching their way through roadblock after roadblock in town after town with powerful artillery and air concentrations that never gave the German soldiers a chance to respond. As a result of the rapid advance
of Seventh Army and the 14th, German POW camps like the ones at Hammelburg and Moosburg were liberated of over 100,000 prisoners, an achievement which gave the division the nom de guerre "The Liberators."Timothy O'Keeffe, a Professor Emeritus from Southern Connecticut State College, had a brother-in-law who lost a leg while serving with the "Liberators," andthus has devoted years of effort to unveiling the crucial, yet heretofore unwritten, role that they played in the ultimate Allied victory.
Relacja mówiona zarejestrowana w ramach Programu Historia Mówiona realizowanego w Ośrodku "Brama Grodzka - Teatr NN" (www.historiamowiona.teatrnn.pl). Wyraża ona wyłącznie subiektywne wspomnienia i ...poglądy świadka historii, które nie mogą być utożsamiane z oficjalnym stanowiskiem Ośrodka.
Niemandsland is the untold story of the largest and most enduring of the unoccupied enclaves that survived after Germany's invasion and occupation by Allied forces in 1945. Sandwiched between ...American and Red Army lines, the 500,000 inhabitants were cut off from the outside world and left to fend for themselves in the face of crippling shortages of food, fuel and housing. Gareth Pritchard charts how groups of Communists, Socialists and antifascists came together to form 'antifascist' committees which seized power and set about restoring order, ensuring the supply of food and essential services and hunting down, disarming and arresting fugitive Nazis. This is not only a fascinating history in its own right but it also sheds important new light on the fate of Germany after 1945. Only in Niemandsland do we see what happened when the currents of post-Nazi German politics were allowed to flow freely, unimpeded by Allied intervention.
Neptune Symonds, Craig L
2014, 2014-05-29, 2014-03-31
eBook
Seventy years ago, more than six thousand Allied ships carried more than a million soldiers across the English Channel to a fifty-mile-wide strip of the Normandy coast in German-occupied France. It ...was the greatest sea-borne assault in human history. The code names given to the beaches where the ships landed the soldiers have become immortal: Gold, Juno, Sword, Utah, and especially Omaha, the scene of almost unimaginable human tragedy. The sea of crosses in the cemetery sitting today atop a bluff overlooking the beaches recalls to us its cost. Most accounts of this epic story begin with the landings on the morning of June 6, 1944. In fact, however, D-Day was the culmination of months and years of planning and intense debate. In the dark days after the evacuation of Dunkirk in the summer of 1940, British officials and, soon enough, their American counterparts, began to consider how, and, where, and especially when, they could re-enter the European Continent in force. The Americans, led by U.S. Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall, wanted to invade as soon as possible; the British, personified by their redoubtable prime minister, Winston Churchill, were convinced that a premature landing would be disastrous. The often-sharp negotiations between the English-speaking allies led them first to North Africa, then into Sicily, then Italy. Only in the spring of 1943, did the Combined Chiefs of Staff commit themselves to an invasion of northern France. The code name for this invasion was Overlord, but everything that came before, including the landings themselves and the supply system that made it possible for the invaders to stay there, was code-named Neptune. Craig L. Symonds now offers the complete story of this Olympian effort, involving transports, escorts, gunfire support ships, and landing craft of every possible size and function. The
obstacles to success were many. In addition to divergent strategic views and cultural frictions, the Anglo-Americans had to overcome German U-boats, Russian impatience, fierce competition for insufficient shipping, training disasters, and a thousand other impediments, including logistical bottlenecks and disinformation schemes. Symonds includes vivid portraits of the key decision-makers, from Franklin Roosevelt and Churchill, to Marshall, Dwight Eisenhower, and Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsay, who commanded the naval element of the invasion. Indeed, the critical role of the naval forces--British and American, Coast Guard and Navy--is central throughout. In the end, as Symonds shows in this gripping account of D-Day, success depended mostly on the men themselves: the junior officers and enlisted men who drove the landing craft, cleared the mines, seized the beaches and assailed the bluffs behind them, securing the foothold for the eventual campaign to Berlin, and the end of the most terrible war in human history.
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