Although most Americans paid little attention to Cambodia during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency, the nation's proximity to China and the global ideological struggle with the Soviet Union ...guaranteed US vigilance throughout Southeast Asia. Cambodia's leader, Norodom Sihanouk, refused to take sides in the Cold War, a policy that disturbed US officials. From 1953 to 1961, his government avoided the political and military crises of neighboring Laos and South Vietnam. However, relations between Cambodia and the United States suffered a blow in 1959 when Sihanouk discovered CIA involvement in a plot to overthrow him. The coup, supported by South Vietnam and Thailand, was a failure that succeeded only in increasing Sihanouk's power and prestige, presenting new foreign policy challenges in the region.
InEisenhower and Cambodia,William J. Rust examines the United States' efforts to lure Cambodia from neutrality to alliance. He conclusively demonstrates that, as with Laos in 1958 and 1960, covert intervention in the internal political affairs of neutral Cambodia proved to be a counterproductive tactic for advancing the United States' anticommunist goals. Drawing on recently declassified sources, Rust skillfully traces the impact of "plausible deniability" on the formulation and execution of foreign policy. His meticulous study not only reveals a neglected chapter in Cold War history but also illuminates the intellectual and political origins of US strategy in Vietnam and the often-hidden influence of intelligence operations in foreign affairs.
How America used its technological leadership in the 1950s and the 1960s to foster European collaboration and curb nuclear proliferation, with varying degrees of success.
In the 1950s and the 1960s, ...U.S. administrations were determined to prevent Western European countries from developing independent national nuclear weapons programs. To do so, the United States attempted to use its technological pre-eminence as a tool of “soft power” to steer Western European technological choices toward the peaceful uses of the atom and of space, encouraging options that fostered collaboration, promoted nonproliferation, and defused challenges to U.S. technological superiority. In Sharing Knowledge, Shaping Europe, John Krige describes these efforts and the varying degrees of success they achieved.
Krige explains that the pursuit of scientific and technological leadership, galvanized by America's Cold War competition with the Soviet Union, was also used for techno-political collaboration with major allies. He examines a series of multinational arrangements involving shared technological platforms and aimed at curbing nuclear proliferation, and he describes the roles of the Department of State, the Atomic Energy Commission, and NASA. To their dismay, these agencies discovered that the use of technology as an instrument of soft power was seriously circumscribed, by internal divisions within successive administrations and by external opposition from European countries. It was successful, Krige argues, only when technological leadership was embedded in a web of supportive “harder” power structures.
Zionism in an Arab Country explores the relations between the Zionist establishment in Israel, and the Jewish community in Iraq. This relationship is centred on two organizations: a Zionist movement ...and a defense organization. By reviewing the activity of these organizations, Esther Meir-Glitzstein examines the decade preceding mass immigration, and reveals the political, societal, economic and cultural developments that shaped the history of Iraqi Jewry in this crucial period. Beyond the main focus on the sphere of Zionist activity, Meir-Glitzstein also uncovers the basic problems that shaped both the development of Iraqi Jewry in the 1940s and the policy of the Zionist establishment - trapped between Arab nationalism and Jewish nationalism. Finally, she elucidates the reasons and circumstances that led to the mass immigration of Jews from Iraq to the state of Israel.
Introduction: The Evolution of the Iraqi Jewish Community in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries Part 1: Zionism in Iraq, 1941 to 1949 1. Relations between the Jews, British and Arabs in Iraq in the 1940s 2. The Reversal in Zionist Policy vis-à-vis the Jews of Islamic Countries 3. National Encounter and Culture Clash: The Emissaries and the Jews of Iraq 4. The Hehalutz Movements in Iraq 5. Young Women in the Zionist Movement 6. The Zionist Struggle for the Jewish Street 7. Legal and Illegal Aliyah 8. The Haganah Part 2: Preparing to Leave Iraq 9. A Community Trapped: Iraqi Jewry during the War of Independence 10. The Zionist Movement in Iraq during the Persecutions 11. From Emigration to Expulsion: The Mass Immigration of Iraqi Jewry to Israel. Conclusion
Dr. Esther Meir-Glitzstein is a Lecturer in Jewish History in the Program for Israel Studies in Ben Gurion University of the Negev and Research Fellow, Ben Gurion Research Center. Her fields of research are the history of the Jews in Arab countries in the modern period, their emigration and the integration of Mizrahi immigrants in Israeli society.
This book demonstrates that the origins of the US-Israeli alliance lay in the former's concern over Egyptian influence in Jordan, contrasting with the widely-held view of the significance of the Six ...Day War.
The American-Israeli Alliance will be of great interest to students of Middle East studies, history, and politics.
Abraham Ben-Zvi is Professor Emeritus at Tel-Aviv University, who is teaching in the Department of International Relations at the University of Haifa. Between 2004 and 2006, he was the Goldman Visiting Professor in the Department of Government at Georgetown University.
1. The Origins of the American-Israeli Alliance: A New Perspective 2. The Road to the July 1958 Jordanian Crisis 3. The July 1958 Jordanian Crisis and its Ramifications 4. The April 1963 Jordanian Crisis and its Ramifications 5. Epilogue
In May 1517, Luigi of Aragon, one of the most wealthy, cultivated and well-connected of Italian cardinals, left Italy for a leisurely tour through Germany, Switzerland, the Low Countries and France, ...which lasted until January 1518. Too grand to keep a record of his own movements, he was well-served by his chaplain and amanuensis, Antonio de Beatis, who day by day kept a steadily enthusiastic record of the scenes they passed amongst. The range of de Beatis's interests was quite remarkably wide. His descriptions of individuals, landscapes, towns, of whole regions and the characters and customs of their inhabitants, of churches, palaces, relics and works of art provide one of the clearest impressions we have of the physical quality of life in north-western Europe in the Renaissance. This range owes something to the company he kept. Without the Cardinal he would not have had the organs played in the churches they visited, would not have watched Raphael's tapestries being woven in Brussels or met Leonardo da Vinci at Amboise. But it owes still more to the traditions which by 1517 suggested not only what a curious traveller should look at but the way in which he might organise his impressions, and express them in writing. For this reason most of the editor's Introduction is devoted to providing a pioneering account of the evolution of the Renaissance travel journal. Though the Italian text published in the German edition of Ludwig Pastor in 1905 has been frequently quoted by political, social and art historians, the Journal has not previously been translated into English.
In the spring of 2002, motivated by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, National Football League stalwart Patrick Daniel Tillman turned down a multimillion-dollar contract to join the US Army. ...Two years later, he died while serving his country in the mountains of Afghanistan. In the process, he became an American icon. Inspired by Pat Tillman’s story, Fallen Stars captures the lives and times of Tillman (1976–2004) and four other war-hero American athletes: Hamilton “Ham” Fish (1873–98), Hobart “Hobey” Baker (1892–1918), Nile Kinnick (1918–43), and James Robert "Bob" Kalsu (1945–70), all of whom died while serving in the US military. Why a focus on fallen war-hero athletes, and why these five? Because here we have over a century’s worth of men who faced the fears and uncertainties that come with life and made the ultimate sacrifice. Their stories give us a kaleidoscopic picture of America over the course of more than one hundred years, and through them we can explore the wars America has participated in, the values that Americans have celebrated, and what it has meant, over time, to be an American hero.
It would be wrong to think that the 1950s represented a soft underbelly of French thought, a lacklustre decade caught between the existentialist vogue and the rise of the structuralist paradigm. For, ...if the period lacks visibility, this is not due to the real value of what was produced in philosophy. It's a problem of focus: the 1950s suffer from the perspectives we hold today, and the blind spots these perspectives conceal. The thinkers of the time did not simply prolong their predecessors, nor were they mere precursors of the philosophers to come. If their positions cannot be reduced to the simplicity of an all-encompassing category, it's because they weave a complex tapestry of diverse and original theses.The authors of this book have endeavored to evoke some of the singular conceptions that emerged in the 1950s. They have considered both completed constructions and aborted efforts, transfer phenomena and unexpected filiations, disciplinary as well as interdisciplinary controversies, whether these openings subsequently bore theoretical fruit or came to nothing, all the while deserving to be revisited today.
On aurait tort de croire que les années 1950 représentent un ventre mou de la pensée française, une décennie sans éclat coincée entre la vogue existentialiste et la montée en puissance du paradigme structuraliste. Car, si la période manque de visibilité, ce n’est pas dû à la valeur réelle de ce qui s’est produit en philosophie. Il s’agit d’un problème de focale : les années 1950 souffrent des perspectives qui sont les nôtres, et des angles morts que recèlent ces perspectives. Les penseurs de l’époque ne se sont en effet pas contentés de prolonger leurs prédécesseurs et ils ne sont pas davantage les simples précurseurs des philosophes à venir. Si leurs positions ne se ramènent pas à la simplicité d’une catégorie englobante, c’est qu’elles tissent un ensemble complexe de thèses diverses et originales.Les auteurs réunis dans cet ouvrage ont eu à cœur d’évoquer quelques-unes des conceptions singulières apparues dans les années 1950. Ils ont pris en considération des constructions achevées aussi bien que des efforts avortés, des phénomènes de transferts comme des filiations inattendues, des controverses disciplinaires autant qu’interdisciplinaires, que ces ouvertures aient ultérieurement donné des fruits théoriques ou qu’elles n’aient débouché sur rien, tout en méritant d’être reprises aujourd’hui.
The Social Origins of the Welfare State traces the evolution of the first universal laws for Québec families, passed during the Second World War. In this translation of her award-winning Aux origines ...sociales de l´État- providence, Dominique Marshall examines the connections between political initiatives and Québécois families, in particular the way family allowances and compulsory schooling primarily benefited teenage boys who worked on family farms and girls who stayed home to help with domestic labour. She demonstrates that, while the promises of a minimum of welfare and education for all were by no means completely fulfilled, the laws helped to uncover the existence of deep family poverty. Further, by exposing the problem of unequal access of children of different classes to schooling, these programs paved the way for education and funding reforms of the next generation. Another consequence was that in their equal treatment of both genders, the laws fostered the more egalitarian language of the war, which faded from other sectors of society, possibly laying groundwork for feminist claims of future decades. The way in which the poorest families influenced the creation of public, educational, and welfare institutions is a dimension of the welfare state unexamined until this book. At a time when the very idea of a universal welfare state is questioned, The Social Origins of the Welfare State considers the fundamental reasons behind its creation and brings to light new perspectives on its future.
Drawing on more than a quarter century of field and documentary research in rural North China, this book explores the contested relationship between village and state from the 1960s to the start of ...the twenty-first century. The authors provide a vivid portrait of how resilient villagers struggle to survive and prosper in the face of state power in two epochs of revolution and reform. Highlighting the importance of intra-rural resistance and rural-urban conflicts to Chinese politics and society in the Great Leap and Cultural Revolution, the authors go on to depict the dynamic changes that have transformed village China in the post-Mao era.This book continues the dramatic story in the authors' prizewinningChinese Village, Socialist State. Plumbing previously untapped sources, including interviews, archival materials, village records and unpublished memoirs, diaries and letters, the authors capture the struggles, pains and achievements of villagers across three generations of social upheaval.
Between 1944 and 1953, a power struggle emerged between New York governor Thomas Dewey and U.S. senator Robert Taft of Ohio that threatened to split the Republican Party. Bowen reveals how this ...two-man battle for control of the GOP--and the Republican presidential nomination--escalated into a divide of ideology that ultimately determined the party's political identity.
