Jersey Justice Knepper, Cathy D
2011, 20110915, 2011-09-15
eBook
The case of the Trenton Six attracted international attention in its time (1948-1952) and was once known as the "northern Scottsboro Boys case." Yet, there is no memory of it. The shame of racism ...evident in the case has been nearly erased from the public record. Now, historian Cathy D. Knepper takes us back to the courtroom to make us aware of this shocking chapter in American history.
Jersey Justice: The Story of the Trenton Sixbegins in 1948 when William Horner, an elderly junk dealer, was murdered in his downtown Trenton shop. Over a two-week period, six local African American men were arrested and charged with collectively killing Horner. Violating every rule in the book, the Trenton police held the six men in incommunicado detention, without warrants, and threatened them until they confessed. At the end of the trial the all-white jury sentenced the six men to die in the electric chair.
That might have been the end of the story were it not for the tireless efforts of Bessie Mitchell, the sister of one of the accused men. Undaunted by the refusal of the NAACP and the ACLU to help appeal the conviction of the Trenton Six, Mitchell enlisted the aid of the Civil Rights Congress, ultimately taking the case as far as the New Jersey Supreme Court. Along the way, the Trenton Six garnered the attention and involvement of many prominent activists, politicians, and artists, including Paul Robeson, Thurgood Marshall, Eleanor Roosevelt, Pete Seeger, Arthur Miller, and Albert Einstein. Jersey Justice brings to light a shameful moment in our nation's history, but it also tells the story of a personal battle for social justice that changed America.
In this article there are main stages of the archpastoral Ministry and practice of Metropolitan Veniamin (Fedchenkov) in the Latvian SSR after his return home from the USA in 1948. Metropolitan ...Veniamin consistently built the relationships with two commissioners of the Council for Russian Orthodox Church Aff airs under the Council People Commissars of the USSR during his administration of the Riga diocese from 1948 to 1951. The authors draw on a wide range of archival sources and show that Metropolitan Veniamin was a law-abiding, but his main concern was the preservation of the internal Church autonomy in the conditions of harsh Soviet pressure and establishment of a constructive interaction with the state. In the article special attention is given to the situation of Latvian parishes, as well as Archpastor’s thoughts about the future of the Orthodox Church in Latvia and his actions for the strengthening of Orthodoxy among Latvians in the period of his administration of the Riga diocese.
The monetary policy of the first majority Labour government in the UK in 1945-47 under Hugh Dalton to drive down interest rates on long-term government bonds, and the policy of the following four ...years until the Conservatives returned to power in Oct 1951, are examined. The magnitude of the problem facing the authorities is analyzed, and the impact of their tentative measures of monetary control is discussed.
In some accounts the West German miracle was faltering in 1950; it was rescued by an exogenous positive demand shock coming from the Korean War. But the 'Koreaboom' in West Germany never took place. ...Instead, the Korean War generated problems for the West German economy. A combination of more imports and higher importprices led to the loss of West German foreign reserves, precipitating a balance-of-payments crisis, which tested the postwar relations between victors and vanquished. The European Payments Union kept the postwar European economy away from the discontinuities and adverse changes that characterized the interwar economy
The State of Israel was established in the midst of a war for its survival, and its population doubled within three years by mass immigration. The Israeli governments opted for a system of ...far-reaching and direct intervention in the economy as a means of winning the war, meeting basic consumption needs, and sustaining a high investment ratio. The circumstances and ideological premises of this policy are discussed, and the major problems of evaluation spelled out.
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